Phentolamine

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Phentolamine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
3-[4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethyl- (4-methylphenyl)-amino]phenol
Identifiers
CAS number	50-60-2
ATC code	C04AB01 G04BE05
PubChem	5775
DrugBank	APRD00615
Chemical data
Formula	C17H19N3O
Mol. mass	281.352 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	Hepatic
Half life	19 minutes
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	C (U.S.)
Legal status
Routes	Usually IV or IM

WikiDoc Resources for Phentolamine
Articles
Most recent articles on Phentolamine Most cited articles on Phentolamine Review articles on Phentolamine Articles on Phentolamine in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Phentolamine Images of Phentolamine Photos of Phentolamine Podcasts & MP3s on Phentolamine Videos on Phentolamine
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Phentolamine Bandolier on Phentolamine TRIP on Phentolamine
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Phentolamine at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Phentolamine Clinical Trials on Phentolamine at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Phentolamine NICE Guidance on Phentolamine NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Phentolamine CDC on Phentolamine
Books
Books on Phentolamine
News
Phentolamine in the news Be alerted to news on Phentolamine News trends on Phentolamine
Commentary
Blogs on Phentolamine
Definitions
Definitions of Phentolamine
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Phentolamine Discussion groups on Phentolamine Patient Handouts on Phentolamine Directions to Hospitals Treating Phentolamine Risk calculators and risk factors for Phentolamine
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Phentolamine Causes & Risk Factors for Phentolamine Diagnostic studies for Phentolamine Treatment of Phentolamine
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Phentolamine
International
Phentolamine en Espanol Phentolamine en Francais
Businness
Phentolamine in the Marketplace Patents on Phentolamine
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Phentolamine

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Overview

Phentolamine (Regitine) is a reversible nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. Its primary action is vasodilation. The primary application for phentolamine is for the control of hypertensive emergencies, most notably due to phaeochromocytoma (pheochromocytoma). It also has usefulness in the treatment of cocaine induced hypertension, where one would generally avoid beta blockers and where calcium channel blockers are not effective. In this context it is probably most safely given by infusion since bolus doses have a propensity towards causing precipitous falls in blood pressure.

When given by injection it causes blood vessels to expand, thereby increasing blood flow. When injected into the penis (intracavernosal), it increases blood flow to the penis, which results in an erection.

It may be stored in crash carts to counteract severe peripheral vasoconstriction secondary to extravasation of peripherally placed vasopressor infusions, typically of norepinephrine. Epinephrine infusions are less vasoconstrictive than norepinephrine as they primarily stimulate beta receptor more than alpha receptors, but the effect remains dose dependent.

Phentolamine also has diagnostic and therapeutic roles in complex regional pain syndrome (reflex sympathetic dystrophy).

v • d • e Antihypertensives (C02) and diuretics (C03)
Sympatholytic agents	Centrally acting/antiadrenergics α2 agonist (Clonidine, Guanfacine, Methyldopa) imidazoline receptor agonist (Moxonidine, Rilmenidine) adrenergic uptake inhibitor (Rescinnamine, Reserpine) Ganglion-blocking/nicotinic antagonist Mecamylamine, Trimethaphan Peripherally acting/antiadrenergics Alpha blockers: Prazosin • Indoramin • Trimazosin • Doxazosin • Urapidil Guanidine derivatives: Betanidine • Guanethidine • Guanoxan • Debrisoquine • Guanoclor • Guanazodine • Guanoxabenz
Vasodilators	Diazoxide • hydrazinophthalazine (Hydralazine, Dihydralazine, Endralazine, Cadralazine) • Minoxidil • Nitroprusside • Phentolamine
Other antihypertensives	serotonin antagonist (Ketanserin) • endothelin receptor antagonist (Bosentan, Ambrisentan, Sitaxsentan) • MAOI (Pargyline) • THI (Metirosine)
Diuretics	Low ceiling Thiazides Bendroflumethiazide • Hydroflumethiazide • Hydrochlorothiazide • Chlorothiazide • Polythiazide • Trichlormethiazide • Cyclopenthiazide • Methyclothiazide • Cyclothiazide • Mebutizide Sulfonamides Quinethazone • Clopamide • Chlortalidone • Mefruside • Clofenamide • Metolazone • Meticrane • Xipamide • Indapamide • Clorexolone • Fenquizone Other Mersalyl • Theobromine • Cicletanine High ceiling Loop diuretic (Bumetanide, Furosemide, Torsemide) Potassium-sparing ESC blockers (Amiloride, Triamterene) • aldosterone antagonists (Spironolactone, Eplerenone, Potassium canrenoate, Canrenone)

v • d • e Peripheral vasodilators (C04)
Imidazoline derivatives	Phentolamine - Tolazoline
Niacin and derivatives	Niacin
Purine derivatives	Pentoxifylline
Ergot alkaloids	Ergoloid- Nicergoline
Other peripheral vasodilators	Phenoxybenzamine - Vincamine - Naftidrofuryl

v • d • e Urologicals (G04)
Acidifiers	Ammonium chloride, Calcium chloride
Urinary antispasmodics (primarily antimuscarinics)	Darifenacin, Emepronium, Fesoterodine, Flavoxate, Meladrazine, Oxybutynin, Propiverine, Solifenacin, Terodiline, Tolterodine, Trospium
For erectile dysfunction	prostaglandins: Alprostadil PDE5 inhibitors: Avanafil - Sildenafil - Tadalafil - Udenafil - Vardenafil alpha blockers: Moxisylyte - Phentolamine - Yohimbine others: Apomorphine - Papaverine
Other urologicals	Acetohydroxamic acid, Collagen, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Magnesium hydroxide, Pentosan polysulfate, Phenazopyridine, Phenyl salicylate, Succinimide
For benign prostatic hypertrophy	5α-reductase inhibitors: Dutasteride, Finasteride Alpha blockers: Alfuzosin, Doxazosin, Silodosin, Tamsulosin, Terazosin Herbals: Pygeum africanum, Serenoa repens

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Phentolamine (Click show to right to view)
Articles on Phentolamine	Most recent articles on Phentolamine • Most cited articles on Phentolamine • Review articles on Phentolamine • Articles on Phentolamine in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Phentolamine	Powerpoint slides on Phentolamine • Images of Phentolamine • Photos of Phentolamine • Podcasts & MP3s on Phentolamine • Videos on Phentolamine
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Phentolamine	Cochrane Collaboration on Phentolamine • Bandolier on Phentolamine • TRIP on Phentolamine
Cost Effectiveness of Phentolamine	Cost Effectiveness of Phentolamine
Clinical Trials Involving Phentolamine	Ongoing Trials on Phentolamine at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Phentolamine • Clinical Trials on Phentolamine at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Phentolamine	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Phentolamine • NICE Guidance on Phentolamine • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Phentolamine • CDC on Phentolamine
Textbook Information on Phentolamine	Books and Textbook Information on Phentolamine
Pharmacology Resources on Phentolamine	Dosing of Phentolamine • Drug interactions with Phentolamine • Side effects of Phentolamine • Allergic reactions to Phentolamine • Overdose information on Phentolamine • Carcinogenicity information on Phentolamine • Phentolamine in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Phentolamine •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Phentolamine	Genetics of Phentolamine • Pharmacogenomics of Phentolamine • Proteomics of Phentolamine
Newstories on Phentolamine	Phentolamine in the news • Be alerted to news on Phentolamine • News trends on Phentolamine
Commentary on Phentolamine	Blogs on Phentolamine
Patient Resources on Phentolamine	Patient resources on Phentolamine • Discussion groups on Phentolamine • Patient Handouts on Phentolamine • Directions to Hospitals Treating Phentolamine • Risk calculators and risk factors for Phentolamine
Healthcare Provider Resources on Phentolamine	Symptoms of Phentolamine • Causes & Risk Factors for Phentolamine • Diagnostic studies for Phentolamine • Treatment of Phentolamine
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Phentolamine	CME Programs on Phentolamine
International Resources on Phentolamine	Phentolamine en Espanol • Phentolamine en Francais
Business Resources on Phentolamine	Phentolamine in the Marketplace • Patents on Phentolamine
Informatics Resources on Phentolamine	List of terms related to Phentolamine

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .