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Anatomy and Physiology

v • d • e Nerves: spinal nerves
Cervical (8)	anterior (Cervical plexus, Brachial plexus) - posterior (Posterior branches of cervical nerves, Suboccipital, Greater occipital, Third occipital)
Thoracic (12)	anterior (Intercostal, Intercostobrachial - T2, Thoraco-abdominal nerves - T7-T11, Subcostal - T12) - posterior (Posterior branches of thoracic nerves)
Lumbar (5)	anterior (Lumbar plexus, Lumbosacral trunk) - posterior (Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves, Superior cluneal L1-L3)
Sacral (5)	anterior (Sacral plexus) - posterior (Posterior branches of sacral nerves, Medial cluneal nerves)
Coccygeal (1)	anterior (Coccygeal plexus) - posterior (Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve)

v • d • e

Nerves of head and neck: the cranial nerves and nuclei

olfactory (AON->I)

olfactory bulb - olfactory tract

optic (LGN->II)

optic chiasm - optic tract

oculomotor (ON,EWN->III)

superior branch (parasympathetic root of ciliary ganglion/ciliary ganglion) - inferior branch

trochlear (TN->IV)

no significant branches

trigeminal (PSN,TSN,MN,TMN->V)

trigeminal ganglion • ophthalmic • maxillary • mandibular

abducens (AN->VI)

no significant branches

facial (FMN,SN,SSN->VII)

near origin	nervus intermedius • geniculate
inside facial canal	greater petrosal (pterygopalatine ganglion) - nerve to the stapedius - chorda tympani (lingual nerve, submandibular ganglion)
at stylomastoid foramen	posterior auricular - suprahyoid (digastric, stylohyoid) - parotid plexus (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical)

vestibulocochlear (VN,CN->VIII)

cochlear (striae medullares, lateral lemniscus) • vestibular (Scarpa's ganglion)

glossopharyngeal (NA,ISN,SN->IX)

before jugular fossa	ganglia (superior, inferior)
after jugular fossa	tympanic (tympanic plexus, lesser petrosal, otic ganglion) • stylopharyngeal branch • pharyngeal branches • tonsillar branches • lingual branches • carotid sinus

vagus (NA,DNVN,SN->X)

before jugular fossa	ganglia (superior, inferior)
after jugular fossa	meningeal branch - auricular branch
neck	pharyngeal branch (pharyngeal plexus) - superior laryngeal (external, internal) - recurrent laryngeal (inferior) - superior cervical cardiac
thorax	inferior cardiac - pulmonary - vagal trunks (anterior, posterior)
abdomen	celiac - renal - hepatic - anterior gastric - posterior gastric

accessory (NA,SAN->XI)

cranial - spinal

hypoglossal (HN->XII)

lingual branches

v • d • e Nerves of head and neck: the cervical plexus (C1-C4)
superficial	C2-C3: Lesser occipital • Greater auricular • Transverse cervical C3-C4: Supraclavicular
deep	C1-C3: Ansa cervicalis (superior root, inferior root) C3-C5: Phrenic

v • d • e Nerves of upper limbs (primarily): the brachial plexus (C5-T1)
Supraclavicular	root (dorsal scapular, long thoracic) - upper trunk (suprascapular, to the subclavius)
Infraclavicular: lateral cord	lateral pectoral musculocutaneous (lateral cutaneous of forearm) median/lateral root: anterior interosseous - palmar - recurrent - common palmar digital (proper palmar digital)
Infraclavicular: medial cord	medial pectoral cutaneous: medial cutaneous of forearm • medial cutaneous of arm ulnar: muscular - palmar - dorsal (dorsal digital nerves) - superficial (common palmar digital, proper palmar digital) - deep median/medial root: see above
Infraclavicular: posterior cord	subscapular (upper, lower) • thoracodorsal axillary (superior lateral cutaneous of arm) radial: muscular - cutaneous (posterior of arm, inferior lateral of arm, posterior of forearm) - superficial (dorsal digital nerves) - deep (posterior interosseous)
Other	cutaneous innervation of the upper limbs

v • d • e Nerves - autonomic nervous system (sympathetic nervous system/ganglion/trunks and parasympathetic nervous system/ganglion)
Head/cranial	Ciliary ganglion: roots (Sensory, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic) - Short ciliary Pterygopalatine ganglion: deep petrosal - nerve of pterygoid canal branches of distribution: greater palatine (inferior posterior nasal branches) - lesser palatine - nasopalatine (medial superior posterior nasal branches) - pharyngeal Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion
Neck/cervical	paravertebral ganglia: Cervical ganglia (Superior, Middle, Inferior) - Stellate ganglion prevertebral plexus: Cavernous plexus - Internal carotid
Chest/thorax	paravertebral ganglia: Thoracic ganglia prevertebral plexus: Cardiac plexus - Esophageal plexus - Pulmonary plexus - Thoracic aortic plexus splanchnic nerves: cardiopulmonary - thoracic cardiac nerves: Superior - Middle - Inferior
Abdomen/Lumbar	paravertebral ganglia: Lumbar ganglia prevertebral ganglia: Celiac ganglia (Aorticorenal) - Superior mesenteric ganglion - Inferior mesenteric ganglion prevertebral plexus: Celiac plexus - (Hepatic, Splenic, Pancreatic) - aorticorenal (Abdominal aortic plexus, Renal/Suprarenal) - Superior mesenteric (Gastric) - Inferior mesenteric (Spermatic, Ovarian) - Superior hypogastric (hypogastric nerve, Superior rectal) - Inferior hypogastric (Vesical, Prostatic/Cavernous nerves of penis, Uterovaginal, Middle rectal) splanchnic nerves: Lumbar splanchnic nerves enteric nervous system: Meissner's plexus • Auerbach's plexus
Pelvis/sacral	paravertebral ganglia: Sacral ganglia - Ganglion impar splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves - Sacral splanchnic nerves
All	Rami communicans (White, Gray) - Preganglionic fibers - Postganglionic fibers

v • d • e White matter fibers
Association fibers	Uncinate fasciculus - Cingulum - Superior longitudinal fasciculus/Arcuate fasciculus - Inferior longitudinal fasciculus - Inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus - Fornix (Columns of fornix, Crus of fornix)
Commissural fibers	Corpus callosum (Genu, Splenium, Tapetum, Rostrum) - Anterior commissure - Posterior commissure - Commissure of fornix
Projection fibers	(none named)

v • d • e

Nerves of lower limbs and lower torso: the lumbosacral plexus (L1-Co)

lumbar plexus (L1-L4)

iliohypogastric: lateral cutaneous branch - anterior cutaneous branch

ilioinguinal: anterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀

genitofemoral: femoral branch/lumboinguinal - genital branch

lateral cutaneous of thigh: patellar

obturator: anterior (cutaneous) - posterior - accessory

femoral: anterior cutaneous branches - saphenous (infrapatellar, medial crural cutaneous)

sacral plexus (L4-S4)

sciatic

common fibular: lateral sural cutaneous (sural communicating branch) - deep fibular (lateral terminal branch, medial terminal branch, dorsal digital) - superficial fibular (medial dorsal cutaneous, intermediate dorsal cutaneous, dorsal digital)

tibial: medial sural cutaneous - medial calcaneal - medial plantar (common plantar digital nerves, proper plantar digital) - lateral plantar (deep branch, superficial branch, common plantar digital, proper plantar digital)

sural: lateral dorsal cutaneous - lateral calcaneal

other

muscular: superior gluteal/inferior gluteal - lateral rotator group (to quadratus femoris, to obturator internus, to the piriformis)
cutaneous: posterior cutaneous of thigh (inferior cluneal, perineal branches) - perforating cutaneous

coccygeal plexus (S4-Co)

pudendal: inferior anal - perineal (deep, posterior scrotal ♂/labial ♀) - dorsal of the penis ♂/clitoris ♀
anococcygeal

cutaneous innervation of the lower limbs

v • d • e Nerves - autonomic nervous system (sympathetic nervous system/ganglion/trunks and parasympathetic nervous system/ganglion)
Head/cranial	Ciliary ganglion: roots (Sensory, Parasympathetic, Sympathetic) - Short ciliary Pterygopalatine ganglion: deep petrosal - nerve of pterygoid canal branches of distribution: greater palatine (inferior posterior nasal branches) - lesser palatine - nasopalatine (medial superior posterior nasal branches) - pharyngeal Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion
Neck/cervical	paravertebral ganglia: Cervical ganglia (Superior, Middle, Inferior) - Stellate ganglion prevertebral plexus: Cavernous plexus - Internal carotid
Chest/thorax	paravertebral ganglia: Thoracic ganglia prevertebral plexus: Cardiac plexus - Esophageal plexus - Pulmonary plexus - Thoracic aortic plexus splanchnic nerves: cardiopulmonary - thoracic cardiac nerves: Superior - Middle - Inferior
Abdomen/Lumbar	paravertebral ganglia: Lumbar ganglia prevertebral ganglia: Celiac ganglia (Aorticorenal) - Superior mesenteric ganglion - Inferior mesenteric ganglion prevertebral plexus: Celiac plexus - (Hepatic, Splenic, Pancreatic) - aorticorenal (Abdominal aortic plexus, Renal/Suprarenal) - Superior mesenteric (Gastric) - Inferior mesenteric (Spermatic, Ovarian) - Superior hypogastric (hypogastric nerve, Superior rectal) - Inferior hypogastric (Vesical, Prostatic/Cavernous nerves of penis, Uterovaginal, Middle rectal) splanchnic nerves: Lumbar splanchnic nerves enteric nervous system: Meissner's plexus • Auerbach's plexus
Pelvis/sacral	paravertebral ganglia: Sacral ganglia - Ganglion impar splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves - Sacral splanchnic nerves
All	Rami communicans (White, Gray) - Preganglionic fibers - Postganglionic fibers

v • d • e Histology: nervous tissue
Neurons (gray matter)	soma - axon (axon hillock, axoplasm, axolemma, neurofibril/neurofilament) dendrite (Nissl body, dendritic spine, apical dendrite, basal dendrite) types: bipolar - pseudounipolar - multipolar - pyramidal - Purkinje - granule
Afferent nerve/Sensory nerve/Sensory neuron	GSA - GVA - SSA - SVA - fibers (Ia, Ib or Golgi, II or Aβ, III or Aδ or fast pain, IV or C or slow pain)
Efferent nerve/Motor nerve/Motor neuron	GSE - GVE - SVE - Upper motor neuron - Lower motor neuron (α motorneuron, γ motorneuron)
Synapses	neuropil - synaptic vesicle - neuromuscular junction - electrical synapse - Interneuron (Renshaw)
Sensory receptors	Meissner's corpuscle - Merkel nerve ending - Pacinian corpuscle - Ruffini ending - Muscle spindle Free nerve ending Olfactory receptor neuron - Photoreceptor cell - Hair cell - Taste bud
Glial cells	Astrocyte (Radial glia) - Oligodendrocyte - Ependymal cells (Tanycytes) - Microglia
Myelination (white matter)	CNS: Oligodendrocyte PNS: Schwann cell - Neurolemma - Nodes of Ranvier/Internode - Schmidt-Lanterman incisures
Related connective tissues	epineurium - perineurium - endoneurium - nerve fascicle - meninges

v • d • e Brain: rhombencephalon (hindbrain)
Myelencephalon/medulla	anterior/ventral: Arcuate nucleus of medulla • Pyramid (Decussation) • Olivary body • Inferior olivary nucleus • Anterior median fissure • Ventral respiratory group posterior/dorsal: VII,IX,X: Solitary/tract • XII, X: Dorsal • IX,X,XI: Ambiguus • IX: Inferior salivatory nucleus • Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus/Accessory cuneate nucleus • Area postrema • Posterior median sulcus • Dorsal respiratory group raphe/reticular: Sensory decussation • Reticular formation (Gigantocellular nucleus, Parvocellular reticular nucleus, Ventral reticular nucleus, Lateral reticular nucleus, Paramedian reticular nucleus) • Raphe nuclei (Obscurus, Magnus, Pallidus) tracts: Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) • Inferior cerebellar peduncle • Olivocerebellar tract • Spinocerebellar (Dorsal, Ventral) • Spinothalamic tract • PCML (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers, Medial lemniscus) • Extrapyramidal (Rubrospinal tract, Vestibulospinal tract, Tectospinal tract)
Metencephalon/pons	anterior/ventral: Superior olivary nucleus • Basis pontis (Pontine nuclei, Middle cerebellar peduncles) posterior/dorsal: Pontine tegmentum (Trapezoid body, Superior medullary velum, Locus ceruleus, MLF, Vestibulocerebellar tract, V Principal Spinal & Motor, VI, VII, VII: Superior salivary nucleus) • VIII-c (Dorsal, Anterior)/VIII-v (Lateral, Superior, Medial, Inferior) raphe/reticular: Reticular formation (Caudal pontine reticular nucleus, Oral pontine reticular nucleus, Tegmental pontine reticular nucleus, Paramedian pontine reticular formation) • Median raphe nucleus Apneustic center • Pneumotaxic center
Metencephalon/cerebellum	Vermis • Flocculus • Arbor vitae • Cerebellar tonsil • Inferior medullary velum Molecular layer (Stellate cell, Basket cell, Parallel fiber) • Purkinje cell layer (Purkinje cell) • Granule cell layer (Golgi cell) • Mossy fibers • Climbing fiber Deep cerebellar nuclei (Dentate, Emboliform, Globose, Fastigial)
Fourth ventricle	apertures (Median, Lateral) • Rhomboid fossa (Vagal trigone, Hypoglossal trigone, Obex, Sulcus limitans, Facial colliculus, Medial eminence) • Lateral recess

v • d • e

Brain: mesencephalon (midbrain)

Tectum (Dorsal)

Corpora quadrigemina: Inferior colliculi (Brachium of inferior colliculus), Superior colliculi (Brachium of superior colliculus)
Subcommissural organ • Pretectum

Peduncle (Ventral)

Peduncle tegmentum

Periaqueductal gray (Cerebral aqueduct, Dorsal raphe nucleus)

Ventral tegmentum • Pedunculopontine nucleus • Red nucleus (Rubrospinal tract, Rubro-olivary tract) • MLF (riMLF) • lemnisci (Medial, Lateral)

cranial nuclei: GSA (V: Mesencephalic) - GSE (III: Oculomotor, IV: Trochlear) - GVE (III: Edinger-Westphal)

Interstitial cell of Cajal

Superior cerebellar peduncles (Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle)

Peduncle base

Substantia nigra (Pars compacta, Pars reticulata)

Cerebral crus: Corticospinal tract - Corticobulbar tract - Corticopontine tract/Frontopontine fibers/Temporopontine fibers

Interpeduncular fossa

v • d • e Brain: diencephalon
Epithalamus	Pineal body • Habenula (Habenular nuclei) • Stria medullaris • Habenular trigone
Thalamus/nuclei	paired: AN • Ventral (VA/VL, VP/VPM/VPL) • Lateral (Pulvinar) • Metathalamus (MG, LG) midline: MD • Intralaminar (Centromedian) • Midline nuclear group • Interthalamic adhesion • Medullary laminae surface: reticular tracts to thalamus: Mammillothalamic tract • Thalamic fasciculus • Lenticular fasciculus • Ansa lenticularis • Medial lemniscus • Trigeminal lemniscus • Spinothalamic tract • Lateral lemniscus
Hypothalamus	autonomic zones: Anterior (parasympathetic/heat loss) • Posterior (sympathetic/heat conservation) endocrine - posterior pituitary: magnocellular/Paraventricular/Supraoptic (oxytocin/vasopressin) endocrine - other: parvocellular/Arcuate (dopamine/GHRH) • Preoptic (GnRH) • Suprachiasmatic (melatonin) emotion: Lateral (hunger) • Ventromedial (satiety) • Dorsomedial (rage) surface: Median eminence/Tuber cinereum • Mammillary body • Infundibulum tracts: Medial forebrain bundle Pituitary: (Posterior is diencephalon, but anterior is glandular)
Subthalamus	Subthalamic nucleus • Zona incerta

v • d • e Brain: telencephalon (cerebrum, cerebral cortex, cerebral hemispheres)
Frontal lobe	Precentral gyrus (Primary motor cortex, 4) Superior frontal gyrus/Frontal eye fields (6, 8, 9), Middle frontal gyrus (46), Inferior frontal gyrus/Broca's area (44-Pars opercularis, 45-Pars triangularis) Orbitofrontal cortex (10, 11, 12, 47) Precentral sulcus - Superior frontal sulcus - Inferior frontal sulcus - Olfactory sulcus
Parietal lobe	Somatosensory cortex (Primary (1, 2, 3, 43), Secondary (5)), Precuneus (7m) Parietal lobules (Superior (7l), Inferior (40)), Angular gyrus (39) Intraparietal sulcus, Marginal sulcus
Occipital lobe	Primary visual cortex (17), (Cuneus, Lingual gyrus, Lateral occipital gyrus (18, 19)) Calcarine fissure
Temporal lobe	Primary auditory cortex (41, 42), Superior temporal gyrus (38, 22/Wernicke's area), Middle temporal gyrus (21), Inferior temporal gyrus (20) Fusiform gyrus (37) Medial temporal lobe (Amygdala, Parahippocampal gyrus (27, 28, 34, 35, 36)
Cingulate cortex/gyrus	Subgenual area (25), Anterior cingulate (24, 32, 33), Posterior cingulate (23, 31), Retrosplenial cortex (26, 29, 30) Callosal sulcus
Interlobar sulci/fissures	lateral: Central (frontal+parietal), Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal), Parietoöccipital medial: Medial longitudinal, Cingulate (frontal+cingulate), Collateral (temporal+occipital)
White matter tracts	Commissural fibers - Association fibers Internal capsule (Anterior limb, Genu, Posterior limb), Corona radiata, External capsule, Lamina terminalis, Extreme capsule, Semioval center Olfactory tract, Terminal stria
Other	Insular cortex gray: Olfactory bulb, Anterior olfactory nucleus, Basal optic nucleus of Meynert, Substantia innominata, Anterior perforated substance Corpus striatum - Limbic lobe
Some categorizations are approximations, and some Brodmann areas span gyri.

v • d • e Bones of head and neck: cranial sutures, fontanelles, and related regions
Cranial sutures	Cranial: Frontoethmoidal - Frontal or Metopic (Frontal/Frontal) - Coronal (Frontal/Parietal) - Occipitomastoid (Occipital/Temporal) - Lambdoid (Parietal/Temporal) - Sagittal (Parietal/Parietal) - Sphenoethmoidal - Sphenofrontal - Sphenoparietal - Sphenosquamosal (Sphenoid/Temporal) - Sphenopetrosal (Sphenoid/Temporal) -Squamosal (Temporal/Parietal) - Petrosquamous (Temporal/Temporal) Facial: Palatomaxillary suture Cranial-facial: Sphenozygomatic - Zygomaticotemporal - Zygomaticofrontal
Fontanelles	Anterior fontanelle - Posterior fontanelle - Sphenoidal fontanelle - Mastoid fontanelle
Foramina of multiple bones	Inferior orbital fissure - Foramen lacerum - Jugular foramen - Nasolacrimal canal
Fossae	Anterior cranial fossa - Middle cranial fossa - Posterior cranial fossa - Cranial cavity
Other compound structures	Cranial: Asterion - Pterion - Calvaria - Stephanion - Bregma - Lambda Facial: Nasion Cranial-facial: Dacryon - Zygomatic arch - Temporal fossa - Infratemporal fossa - Pterygomaxillary fissure - Pterygopalatine fossa

v • d • e Bones of torso
Sternum	Suprasternal notch, Manubrium, Sternal angle, Body of sternum, Xiphisternal joint, Xiphoid process
Rib	specific ribs (1, 2, 9, 10, 11, 12, false - 8-12, floating - 11-12) - parts (Angle, Tubercle, Costal groove, Neck, Head)
General vertebral structures	body of vertebra, vertebral arch (pedicle, lamina, vertebral notch), foramina (vertebral, intervertebral), processes (transverse, articular / zygapophysis, spinous)
Cervical vertebrae	C1 (anterior arch, posterior arch, lateral mass), C2 (dens), C3, C4, C5, C6, C7 anterior tubercle, posterior tubercle, foramen transversarium
Thoracic vertebrae	T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12 costal facets (superior, inferior, transverse)
Lumbar vertebrae	accessory process, mammillary process, L5
Sacrum	pelvic surface (anterior sacral foramina), dorsal surface (posterior sacral foramina, median sacral crest, medial sacral crest, lateral sacral crest), lateral surface (sacral tuberosity), base, sacral hiatus - presacral space - sacral promontory - sacral canal - ala of sacrum - sacrovertebral angle

v • d • e Nerves: spinal nerves
Cervical (8)	C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8 anterior (Cervical plexus, Brachial plexus) - posterior (Posterior branches of cervical nerves, Suboccipital - C1, Greater occipital - C2, Third occipital - C3)
Thoracic (12)	T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12 anterior (Intercostal, Intercostobrachial - T2, Thoraco-abdominal nerves - T7-T11, Subcostal - T12) - posterior (Posterior branches of thoracic nerves)
Lumbar (5)	L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 anterior (Lumbar plexus, Lumbosacral trunk) - posterior (Posterior branches of the lumbar nerves, Superior cluneal L1-L3)
Sacral (5)	S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 anterior (Sacral plexus) - posterior (Posterior branches of sacral nerves, Medial cluneal nerves)
Coccygeal (1)	anterior (Coccygeal plexus) - posterior (Posterior branch of coccygeal nerve)

Embryology

v • d • e Prenatal development/Mammalian development of nervous system
General neural development/ neurulation/neurula	Notochord - Neuroectoderm - Neural plate - Neural folds - Neural groove Neural crest - Neural tube (Neuromere/Rhombomere, Cephalic flexure) Alar plate (sensory) - Basal plate (motor) Glioblast - Neuroblast
Eye development	Optic vesicles - Optic stalk - Optic cup - Lens placode
Auditory development	Auditory vesicle - Auditory pit
Note: mostly ecoderm, but mesoderm is precursor for epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium

Disease States

v • d • e Pathology of the nervous system, primarily CNS (G00-G47, 320-349)
Inflammatory diseases of the CNS	Meningitis (Arachnoiditis) - Encephalitis - Myelitis - Encephalomyelitis (Acute disseminated) - Tropical spastic paraparesis
Systemic atrophies primarily affecting the CNS	Huntington's Spinocerebellar ataxia (Friedreich's ataxia, Ataxia telangiectasia, Hereditary spastic paraplegia) Spinal muscular atrophy: Werdnig-Hoffman - Kugelberg-Welander - Fazio Londe - MND (ALS, PMA, PBP, PP, PLS)
Extrapyramidal and movement disorders	Parkinson's disease - Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - Postencephalitic parkinsonism - Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration - Progressive supranuclear palsy - Striatonigral degeneration Dystonia/Dyskinesia (Spasmodic torticollis, Meige's, Blepharospasm) Essential tremor - Myoclonus - Lafora Chorea (Choreoathetosis) - Restless legs - Stiff person
Other degenerative / demyelinating diseases	Alzheimer's - Pick's - Alpers' - Dementia with Lewy bodies - Leigh's demyelinating: Multiple sclerosis - Devic's - Central pontine myelinolysis - Transverse myelitis
Seizure/epilepsy	Focal (Simple partial, Complex partial) - Generalised (Tonic-clonic, Absence, Atonic, Benign familial neonatal) Lennox-Gastaut - West - Epilepsia partialis continua - Status epilepticus (Complex partial status epilepticus)
Headache	Migraine (Familial hemiplegic) - Cluster - Vascular - Tension
Vascular	Transient ischemic attack (Amaurosis fugax, Transient global amnesia) Cerebrovascular disease (MCA, ACA, PCA, Foville's, Millard-Gubler, Lateral medullary, Weber's, Lacunar stroke)
Sleep disorders	Insomnia - Hypersomnia - Sleep apnea (Ondine's curse) - Narcolepsy - Cataplexy - Kleine-Levin - Circadian rhythm sleep - Delayed sleep phase - Advanced sleep phase
Other	Intracranial hypertension: Hydrocephalus (Normal pressure) - Idiopathic intracranial hypertension Encephalopathy - Brain herniation - Cerebral edema - Reye's - Syringomyelia - Syringobulbia - Spinal cord compression

v • d • e Nervous system pathology, primarily PNS (G50-G99, 350-359)
Nerve, nerve root and plexus disorders (neuropathy, radiculopathy, plexopathy)	cranial nerve: V (Trigeminal neuralgia) - VII (Facial nerve paralysis, Bell's palsy, Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, Central seven) - XI (Accessory nerve disorder) nerve root and plexus: Brachial plexus lesion - Thoracic outlet syndrome - Phantom limb mononeuropathy: upper limb (Carpal tunnel syndrome, Ulnar nerve entrapment, Radial neuropathy) - Causalgia - lower limb (Meralgia paraesthetica, Tarsal tunnel syndrome, Morton's neuroma) - Mononeuritis multiplex
Polyneuropathies and other disorders of the PNS	hereditary and idiopathic (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Dejerine Sottas syndrome, Refsum's disease, Morvan's syndrome) Guillain-Barré syndrome - Alcoholic polyneuropathy
Diseases of myoneural junction	autoimmune: Myasthenia gravis - Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
Diseases of muscle (myopathy)	Muscular dystrophy myotonic (Myotonic dystrophy, Myotonia congenita, Thomsen disease, Neuromyotonia, Paramyotonia congenita) congenital myopathy (Centronuclear myopathy, Nemaline myopathy, Central core disease) Mitochondrial myopathy periodic paralysis: Hypokalemic - Hyperkalemic
Autonomic	Familial dysautonomia - Horner's syndrome - Multiple system atrophy (Shy-Drager syndrome, Olivopontocerebellar atrophy)

v • d • e Muscular Dystrophy
The Nine Primary Muscular Dystrophies	Congenital • dystrophin (Becker's, Duchenne) • Distal • Emery-Dreifuss • Facioscapulohumeral • Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy • Myotonic • Oculopharyngeal
Related topics
National/International Organizations	Muscular Dystrophy Association (USA) . Muscular Dystrophy Canada
US government Institutes and Legislation	NINDS • NIAMS • NICHD • MD CARE Act • Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act • Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
National/International Events	Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon (USA)
Recent or Ongoing Clinical Trials	Stamulumab (MYO-029)

v • d • e Cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes (G80-G83, 342-344)
Paresis and plegia NOS	Paralysis - Quadriplegia - Triplegia - Hemiplegia/Hemiparesis - Paraplegia/Diplegia - Monoplegia
Flaccid vs. spastic	Flaccid paralysis - Spastic diplegia - Spastic paraplegia
Specific types	Cerebral palsy - Cauda equina syndrome - Locked-In syndrome

v • d • e Nervous tissue tumors (ICD-O 9350-9589)
Miscellaneous tumors (9350-9379)	Craniopharyngioma - Pinealoma
Glioma (9380-9489)	Gliomatosis cerebri - Oligoastrocytoma - Choroid plexus papilloma - Ependymoma - Astrocytoma (Pilocytic astrocytoma, Glioblastoma multiforme) - Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour - Oligodendroglioma - Medulloblastoma - Primitive neuroectodermal tumor
Neuroepitheliomatous (9490-9529)	Ganglioneuroma - Neuroblastoma - Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor - Retinoblastoma - Esthesioneuroblastoma
Meningiomas (9530-9539)	Meningioma
Nerve sheath tumor (9540-9579)	Neurofibroma (Neurofibrosarcoma, Neurofibromatosis) - Schwannoma - Neurinoma - Acoustic neuroma - Neuroma
see also brain tumors (though not all brain tumors are of nervous tissue)

v • d • e Topics related to Tourette syndrome
Main	Causes and origins · History · Sociological and cultural aspects · Treatment
Terms	Coprolalia · Copropraxia · Echolalia · Echopraxia · Palilalia · Sensory phenomena · Tic · Tic disorder · Tourettism
History	Jean-Martin Charcot · Georges Gilles de la Tourette · Jean Marc Gaspard Itard · Arthur K. Shapiro
Organizations	Tourette Syndrome Association · Tourette Syndrome Foundation of Canada
Media	I Have Tourette's but Tourette's Doesn't Have Me · John's Not Mad · The Tic Code · "Le Petit Tourette" · Motherless Brooklyn
Notable people	Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf · Howard Ahmanson, Jr · Pete Bennett · Brad Cohen · Jim Eisenreich · Tim Howard · Samuel Johnson · Andre Malraux · Tobias Picker · Nick van Bloss · Michael Wolff

Congenital Disease States

v • d • e Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system (Q00-Q07, 740-742)
Brain	Anencephaly (Acephaly, Acrania, Iniencephaly) - Encephalocele - Microcephaly - Congenital hydrocephalus (Dandy-Walker syndrome) - other reduction deformities (Holoprosencephaly, Lissencephaly, Pachygyria, Hydranencephaly) - Septo-optic dysplasia - Megalencephaly - Congenital cerebral cysts (Porencephaly, Schizencephaly) - Congenital brain tumors
Brain stem	Arnold-Chiari malformation
Spinal cord	Spina bifida - Currarino syndrome - Sacrococcygeal teratoma - Diastematomyelia - Syringomyelia
see also non-congenital CNS and PNS (G, 320-359)

Pharmacotherapy

v • d • e Aldehydes
{Paraldehyde}

v • d • e Anticonvulsants (N03)
Barbiturates	Barbexaclone, Metharbital, Methylphenobarbital, Pentobarbital, Phenobarbital, Primidone
Hydantoins	Ethotoin, Fosphenytoin, Mephenytoin, Phenytoin
Oxazolidinediones	Ethadione, Paramethadione, Trimethadione
Succinimides	Ethosuximide, Mesuximide, Phensuximide
Benzodiazepines	Clobazam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Midazolam, Nimetazepam, Nitrazepam, Temazepam
Carboxamides	Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Rufinamide
Fatty acid derivatives	Valpromide, Valnoctamide
Carboxylic acids	Valproic acid (Sodium valproate & Valproate semisodium), Tiagabine
Others	GABA analogs: Gabapentin, Pregabalin, Progabide, Vigabatrin -- Monosaccharides: Topiramate -- Aromatic allylic alcohols: Stiripentol -- Ureas: Phenacemide, Pheneturide -- Phenyltriazines: Lamotrigine Carbamates: Emylcamate, Felbamate, Meprobamate -- Pyrrolidines: Brivaracetam, Levetiracetam, Nefiracetam, Seletracetam Sulfa drugs: Acetazolamide, Ethoxzolamide, Sultiame, Zonisamide -- Propionates: Beclamide -- Aldehydes: Paraldehyde -- Bromides: Potassium bromide, Sodium bromide

v • d • e Psychoanaleptics: anti-dementia drugs (N06D)
Anticholinesterases	Tacrine - Donepezil - Rivastigmine - Galantamine
Other	NMDA receptor antagonist (Memantine) - Ginkgo biloba

v • d • e Antimigraine preparations (N02C)
Ergot alkaloids	Dihydroergotamine • Ergotamine • Methysergide • Lisuride
Corticosteroid derivatives	Flumedroxone
Selective serotonin (5-HT1) agonists	Triptans (Almotriptan, Eletriptan, Frovatriptan, Naratriptan, Rizatriptan, Sumatriptan, Zolmitriptan)
Other antimigraine preparations	Pizotifen • Clonidine • Topiramate • Iprazochrome • Dimetotiazine • Oxetorone

v • d • e Anti-parkinson drugs: anticholinergic agents (N04A)
Tertiary amines	Trihexyphenidyl - Biperiden - Metixene - Procyclidine - Profenamine - Dexetimide - Phenglutarimide - Mazaticol - Bornaprine - Tropatepine
Ethers chemically close to antihistamines	Etanautine - Orphenadrine
Ethers of tropine or tropine derivatives	Benzatropine - Etybenzatropine

v • d • e Antivertigo preparations (N07C)
Betahistine - Cinnarizine - Flunarizine - Acetylleucine

v • d • e Bromides
{Potassium bromide}

v • d • e Dopamine antagonists
Clozapine - Flupentixol - Fluphenazine - Haloperidol - Raclopride - SCH 23390 - Spiperone

v • d • e Anti-parkinson drugs: dopaminergic agents (N04B)
Dopa and derivatives	Levodopa, Melevodopa, Etilevodopa
Adamantane derivatives	Amantadine
Dopamine agonists	Apomorphine, Bromocriptine, Cabergoline, Dihydrexidine, Dihydroergocryptine mesylate, Fenoldopam, Lisuride, Pergolide, Piribedil, Pramipexole, Quinpirole, Ropinirole, Rotigotine, SKF 38393, SKF 82958
MAOIs	Selegiline, Rasagiline
Other	Tolcapone, Entacapone, Budipine

v • d • e Ergolines
Lysergic acid derivatives	Bromocriptine, Cabergoline, Ergine, Ergonovine, Ergotamine, Lysergic acid, Lysergol, LSD, D-Lysergic acid hydroxyethylamide, Lisuride, Methergine, Methysergide, Pergolide
Hallucinogenic lysergamides	AL-LAD, ALD-52, BU-LAD, CYP-LAD, DAL, DAM-57, Ergonovine, ETH-LAD, LAE-32, LSD, LPD-824, LSM-775, D-Lysergic acid N-(α-hydroxyethyl)amide, Methylergonovine, MLD-41, PARGY-LAD, PRO-LAD
Other ergolines	Ergoline
Natural sources	Argyreia nervosa, Claviceps spp., Ipomoea tricolor, Ipomoea violacea, Rivea corymbosa

v • d • e Carboxylic acids
{Valproic acid} {Sodium valproate} {Valproate semisodium} {Tiagabine}

v • d • e GABA analogs
{Gabapentin} {Vigabatrin} {Progabide} {Pregabalin}

v • d • e Hydantoins
{Ethotoin} {Phenytoin} {Mephenytoin} {Fosphenytoin}

v • d • e Oxazolidinediones
Trimethadione • Paramethadione • Ethadione

v • d • e Parasympathomimetics (N07A)
Anticholinesterases	Stigmine (Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Distigmine) - Ambenonium
Choline esters	Carbachol - Bethanechol
Other parasympathomimetics	Pilocarpine - Choline alfoscerate

v • d • e Propionates
{Beclamide}

v • d • e Pyrimidinediones
{Primidone}

v • d • e Pyrrolidines
{Brivaracetam} {Levetiracetam} {Nefiracetam} {Seletracetam}

v • d • e Succinimides
{Ethosuximide} {Phensuximide} {Mesuximide}

v • d • e Sulfonamides
{Acetazolamide} {Ethoxzolamide} {Sultiame} {Methazolamide} {Zonisamide}

v • d • e Ureas
{Pheneturide} {Phenacemide}

v • d • e Valproylamides
{Valpromide} {Valnoctamide}

Surgery

v • d • e Surgery, Nervous system: neurosurgical procedures
Skull, brain, and cerebral meninges	Craniotomy - Decompressive craniectomy - Lobotomy - Hemispherectomy - Ventriculostomy - Anterior temporal lobectomy
Spinal cord and spinal canal	Spinal cord and roots (Cordotomy - Rhizotomy) - Intervertebral discs (Discectomy - Intervertebral disc annuloplasty - Intervertebral disc arthroplasty) - Vertebral bones (Laminotomy - Laminectomy - Laminoplasty - Corpectomy - Facetectomy - Foraminotomy - Vertebral fusion - Vertebral fixation) - Lumbar puncture
Cranial and peripheral nerves	Ganglionectomy - Nerve block
Sympathetic nerves or ganglia	Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy
Other	Axotomy - Hypophysectomy - Vagotomy