Autotaxin

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Autotaxin, Ectonucleotide phosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2, Phosphodiesterase-Ialpha, lysophospholipase D
Identifiers
Symbol	ATX
Alt. Symbols	ENPP2, NPP2, PDNP2, PD-Ia, LysoPLD
Entrez	5168
HUGO	3357
OMIM	601060
RefSeq	NM_006209
UniProt	Q13822
Other data
EC number	3.6.1.9 3.1.4.1, 3.6.1.9
Locus	Chr. 8 q24.1{{{LocusSupplementaryData}}}

Autotaxin, also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (NPP2 or ENPP2), is a secreted enzyme important for generating the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Autotaxin has lysophospholipase D activity that converts lysophosphatidylcholine into LPA.

Autotaxin was originally identified as a tumor cell-motility stimulating factor and it was only later that it was shown that it is actually LPA (which signals through Lysophospholipid receptors), the lipid product of the reaction catalyzed by autotaxin, that is responsible for its effects on cell-proliferation.

See Also

• Lysophosphatidic acid
• Lysophospholipid receptors
• Lipid signaling
• Phospholipases

References

• Tokumura A, Majima E, Kariya Y, Tominaga K, Kogure K, Yasuda K, Fukuzawa K (2002). "Identification of human plasma lysophospholipase D, a lysophosphatidic acid-producing enzyme, as autotaxin, a multifunctional phosphodiesterase". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (42): 39436-42. PMID 12176993.
• Umezu-Goto M, Kishi Y, Taira A, Hama K, Dohmae N, Takio K, Yamori T, Mills GB, Inoue K, Aoki J, Arai H (2002). "Autotaxin has lysophospholipase D activity leading to tumor cell growth and motility by lysophosphatidic acid production". J. Cell Biol. 158 (2): 227-33. PMID 12119361.