High VLDL causes: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
High VLDL may primarily be a consequence of [[inherited]] ([[genetic]]) diseases that affect the [[lipid metabolism]], or due to secondary causes other than the primary inherited disorders of lipid metabolism.      
High VLDL may be a consequence of [[inherited]] diseases that affect the [[lipid metabolism]], or cab be due to secondary causes such as drugs and [[chronic liver disease]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
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===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
*[[Chronic liver disease]]
*[[Chronic liver disease]]
*[[Corticosteroids]]
*[[diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus type 2]]
*[[diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus type 2]]
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia]]<ref name="Durrington-2003">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Durrington | first1 = P. | title = Dyslipidaemia. | journal = Lancet | volume = 362 | issue = 9385 | pages = 717-31 | month = Aug | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14234-1 | PMID = 12957096 }}</ref>
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia]]<ref name="Durrington-2003">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Durrington | first1 = P. | title = Dyslipidaemia. | journal = Lancet | volume = 362 | issue = 9385 | pages = 717-31 | month = Aug | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14234-1 | PMID = 12957096 }}</ref>
*[[Saturated fat|High saturated fat diet]]<ref name="Covington-2004">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Covington | first1 = MB. | title = Omega-3 fatty acids. | journal = Am Fam Physician | volume = 70 | issue = 1 | pages = 133-40 | month = Jul | year = 2004 | doi =  | PMID = 15259529 }}</ref>
*[[Saturated fat|High saturated fat diet]]<ref name="Covington-2004">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Covington | first1 = MB. | title = Omega-3 fatty acids. | journal = Am Fam Physician | volume = 70 | issue = 1 | pages = 133-40 | month = Jul | year = 2004 | doi =  | PMID = 15259529 }}</ref>
*[[Hepatitis]]


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute hepatitis]], [[chronic liver disease]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute hepatitis]], [[chronic liver disease]], [[obstructive jaundice]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Niemann-Pick disease|Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency]], [[apolipoprotein C2|apolipoprotein C-II deficiency]], [[Familial hypercholesterolemia|autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia]], [[familial combined hyperlipidemia]], [[Apolipoprotein B deficiency|familial defective apolipoprotein B-100]], [[familial hypercholesterolemia]], [[familial hypertriglyceridaemia]], [[familial mixed hyperlipidaemia]], [[Hyperlipoproteinemia|familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5]], [[Interleukin 28#Clinical Significance|IL 28B polymorphisms]], [[lipoprotein lipase deficiency]], [[Niemann-Pick disease]], [[hypercholesterolemia|polygenic hypercholesterolemia]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Niemann-Pick disease|Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency]], [[apolipoprotein C2|apolipoprotein C-II deficiency]], [[Familial hypercholesterolemia|autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia]], [[familial combined hyperlipidemia]], [[Apolipoprotein B deficiency|familial defective apolipoprotein B-100]], [[familial hypercholesterolemia]], [[Hyperlipoproteinemia|familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5]], [[familial hypertriglyceridaemia]], [[familial mixed hyperlipidaemia]], [[Interleukin 28#Clinical Significance|IL 28B polymorphisms]], [[lipoprotein lipase deficiency]], [[Niemann-Pick disease]], [[hypercholesterolemia|polygenic hypercholesterolemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gram negative bacteremia|gram negative sepsis]], [[H. pylori|H. pylori infection]], [[small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome]],
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Gram negative bacteremia|Gram negative sepsis]], [[H. pylori|H. pylori infection]], [[small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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{{col-break|width=33%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Niemann-Pick disease|Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency]]
*[[Niemann-Pick disease|Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency]]
*[[Androgens]]
*[[Acromegaly]]
*[[Atazanavir]]
*[[Acute hepatitis]]
*[[Alcoholism]]
*[[apolipoprotein C2|Apolipoprotein C-II deficiency]]
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia|Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia]]
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia|Autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia]]
*[[Azathioprine]]
*[[Azathioprine]]
*[[Bexarotene]]
*[[Bexarotene]]
*[[Immunosuppressive drug#Drugs acting on immunophilins|Calcineurin inhibitors]]
*[[Immunosuppressive drug#Drugs acting on immunophilins|Calcineurin inhibitors]]
*[[Chenodeoxycholic acid]]
*[[Chlortalidone]]
*[[Chlortalidone]]
*[[Cholestatic jaundice]]
*[[Chronic kidney disease]]
*[[Chronic kidney disease]]
*[[Chronic liver disease]]
*[[Chronic liver disease]]
*[[Corticosteroids]]
*[[Corticosteroids]]
*[[Cushing's syndrome]]
*[[Cyclosporine]]
*[[Cyclosporine]]
*[[Dehydroepiandrosterone]]
*[[Desvenlafaxine]]
*[[Desvenlafaxine]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes mellitus type 2]]
*[[Terpenoid|Diterpenoids]]
*[[Terpenoid|Diterpenoids]]
*[[Dysproteinemia]]
*[[Dysproteinemia]]
*[[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]]
*[[Familial combined hyperlipidemia]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Apolipoprotein B deficiency|Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100]]
*[[Apolipoprotein B deficiency|Familial defective apolipoprotein B-100]]
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia]]<ref name="Durrington-2003">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Durrington | first1 = P. | title = Dyslipidaemia. | journal = Lancet | volume = 362 | issue = 9385 | pages = 717-31 | month = Aug | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14234-1 | PMID = 12957096 }}</ref>
*[[Familial hypercholesterolemia]]<ref name="Durrington-2003">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Durrington | first1 = P. | title = Dyslipidaemia. | journal = Lancet | volume = 362 | issue = 9385 | pages = 717-31 | month = Aug | year = 2003 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14234-1 | PMID = 12957096 }}</ref>
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Hyperlipoproteinemia|Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5]]
*[[Fish oil|Fish oil supplements]]<ref name="Pejic-">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Pejic | first1 = RN. | last2 = Lee | first2 = DT. | title = Hypertriglyceridemia. | journal = J Am Board Fam Med | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 310-6 | month =  | year =  | doi =  | PMID = 16672684 }}</ref>
*[[Familial mixed hyperlipidaemia]]
*[[Gram negative bacteremia]]
*[[Gram negative bacteremia]]
*[[Growth hormone deficiency]]
*[[H. pylori]]
*[[H. pylori]]
*[[Carbohydrate#Nutrition|High carbohydrate diet]]
*[[Carbohydrate#Nutrition|High carbohydrate diet]]
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*[[Interleukin 28#Clinical Significance|IL 28B polymorphisms]]
*[[Interleukin 28#Clinical Significance|IL 28B polymorphisms]]
*[[Immunosuppressive agents]]
*[[Immunosuppressive agents]]
*[[LDL receptor deficiency]]
*[[Levonorgestrel]]
*[[Levonorgestrel]]
*[[Lipopolysaccharides]]
*[[Lipoprotein lipase deficiency]]
*[[Lopinavir]]
*[[Lopinavir]]
*[[Monoclonal gammopathy]]
*[[Monoclonal gammopathy]]
*[[Multiple myeloma]]
*[[Mycophenolate]]
*[[Mycophenolate]]
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]]<ref name="Kronenberg-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kronenberg | first1 = F. | title = Dyslipidemia and nephrotic syndrome: recent advances. | journal = J Ren Nutr | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 195-203 | month = Apr | year = 2005 | doi =  | PMID = 15827892 }}</ref>
*[[Nephrotic syndrome]]<ref name="Kronenberg-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Kronenberg | first1 = F. | title = Dyslipidemia and nephrotic syndrome: recent advances. | journal = J Ren Nutr | volume = 15 | issue = 2 | pages = 195-203 | month = Apr | year = 2005 | doi =  | PMID = 15827892 }}</ref>
*[[Nicotine]]
*[[Nicotine]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Niemann-Pick disease]]
*[[Niemann-Pick disease]]
*[[Norgestrel]]
*[[Norgestrel]]
*[[Xanthomatous biliary cirrhosis|Obstructive liver disease]]
*[[Xanthomatous biliary cirrhosis|Obstructive liver disease]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Omega-3 fatty acid|Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids]]
*[[Pancreatitis]]
*[[Paraproteinemia]]
*[[Paraproteinemia]]
*[[Polycystic ovarian syndrome]]
*[[Polycystic ovarian syndrome]]
*[[Hypercholesterolemia|Polygenic hypercholesterolemia]]
*[[Hypercholesterolemia|Polygenic hypercholesterolemia]]
*[[Prednisone]]
*[[Prednisone]]
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]]
*[[Primary hyperlipoproteinemia]]
*[[Primary hyperlipoproteinemia]]
*[[Hypolipoproteinemia pathophysiology#Primary Lipoprotein Disorders|Primary hypolipoproteinemia]]
*[[Hypolipoproteinemia pathophysiology#Primary Lipoprotein Disorders|Primary hypolipoproteinemia]]
*[[Progestagens]]
*[[Protease inhibitors]]
*[[Progestin]]
*[[Rapamycin]]
*[[Rapamycin]]
*[[Rosiglitazone]]
*[[Rosiglitazone]]
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*[[Thiazide]]
*[[Thiazide]]
*[[Tocilizumab]]
*[[Tocilizumab]]
*[[Uremia]]
{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}


Latest revision as of 17:37, 20 November 2013

Very Low Density Lipoprotein Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mugilan Poongkunran M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

High VLDL may be a consequence of inherited diseases that affect the lipid metabolism, or cab be due to secondary causes such as drugs and chronic liver disease.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning Diterpenoids
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Azathioprine, bexarotene, calcineurin inhibitors, chlortalidone, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, desvenlafaxine, immunosuppressive agents, levonorgestrel, lopinavir, mycophenolate, nicotine, norgestrel, prednisone, progestin, protease inhibitors, rapamycin, rosiglitazone, sirolimus, thiazide, tocilizumab
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Acromegaly, Cushing's syndrome, dehydroepiandrosterone, diabetes mellitus type 2, hypercortisolism, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian syndrome, subclinical hypothyroidism
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Acute hepatitis, chronic liver disease, obstructive jaundice
Genetic Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency, apolipoprotein C-II deficiency, autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia, familial combined hyperlipidemia, familial defective apolipoprotein B-100, familial hypercholesterolemia, familial hyperlipoproteinemia type 5, familial hypertriglyceridaemia, familial mixed hyperlipidaemia, IL 28B polymorphisms, lipoprotein lipase deficiency, Niemann-Pick disease, polygenic hypercholesterolemia
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Gram negative sepsis, H. pylori infection, small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic Chenodeoxycholic acid, high carbohydrate diet, high saturated fat diet, polygenic hypercholesterolemia, primary hyperlipoproteinemia, primary hypolipoproteinemia, selenium deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic Polycystic ovarian syndrome
Oncologic Lymphoma, multiple myeloma
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Chronic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome, uremia
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Dysproteinemia, monoclonal gammopathy, multiple myeloma, paraproteinemia
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Alcoholism

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Durrington, P. (2003). "Dyslipidaemia". Lancet. 362 (9385): 717–31. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14234-1. PMID 12957096. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Covington, MB. (2004). "Omega-3 fatty acids". Am Fam Physician. 70 (1): 133–40. PMID 15259529. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Kronenberg, F. (2005). "Dyslipidemia and nephrotic syndrome: recent advances". J Ren Nutr. 15 (2): 195–203. PMID 15827892. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)


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