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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4''' is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''HCN4'' [[gene]].<ref name="pmid10228147">{{cite journal | vauthors = Ludwig A, Zong X, Stieber J, Hullin R, Hofmann F, Biel M | title = Two pacemaker channels from human heart with profoundly different activation kinetics | journal = The EMBO Journal | volume = 18 | issue = 9 | pages = 2323–9 | date = May 1999 | pmid = 10228147 | pmc = 1171315 | doi = 10.1093/emboj/18.9.2323 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10430953">{{cite journal | vauthors = Seifert R, Scholten A, Gauss R, Mincheva A, Lichter P, Kaupp UB | title = Molecular characterization of a slowly gating human hyperpolarization-activated channel predominantly expressed in thalamus, heart, and testis | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 96 | issue = 16 | pages = 9391–6 | date = Aug 1999 | pmid = 10430953 | pmc = 17793 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.96.16.9391 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16382102">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hofmann F, Biel M, Kaupp UB | title = International Union of Pharmacology. LI. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of cyclic nucleotide-regulated channels | journal = Pharmacological Reviews | volume = 57 | issue = 4 | pages = 455–62 | date = Dec 2005 | pmid = 16382102 | pmc =  | doi = 10.1124/pr.57.4.8 }}</ref><ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HCN4 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10021| accessdate = }}</ref>
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
There are four [[HCN channel]]s. HCN4 is prominently expressed in the [[pace maker]] region of the mammalian [[heart]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Baruscotti M, Bucchi A, Viscomi C, Mandelli G, Consalez G, Gnecchi-Rusconi T, Montano N, Casali KR, Micheloni S, Barbuti A, DiFrancesco D | title = Deep bradycardia and heart block caused by inducible cardiac-specific knockout of the pacemaker channel gene Hcn4 | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 108 | issue = 4 | pages = 1705–10 | date = Jan 2011 | pmid = 21220308 | pmc = 3029742 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1010122108 }}</ref> Some humans with [[bradycardia]] and [[Sick sinus syndrome]] have been shown to have mutations in their HCN4 gene.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schulze-Bahr E, Neu A, Friederich P, Kaupp UB, Breithardt G, Pongs O, Isbrandt D | title = Pacemaker channel dysfunction in a patient with sinus node disease | journal = The Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 111 | issue = 10 | pages = 1537–45 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12750403 | pmc = 155041 | doi = 10.1172/JCI16387 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Laish-Farkash A, Glikson M, Brass D, Marek-Yagel D, Pras E, Dascal N, Antzelevitch C, Nof E, Reznik H, Eldar M, Luria D | title = A novel mutation in the HCN4 gene causes symptomatic sinus bradycardia in Moroccan Jews | journal = Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology | volume = 21 | issue = 12 | pages = 1365–72 | date = Dec 2010 | pmid = 20662977 | pmc = 3005590 | doi = 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2010.01844.x }}</ref> The role of HCN channels in [[Autonomic nervous system|autonomic]] control of heart rate is currently a matter of ongoing investigation.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Larsson HP | title = How is the heart rate regulated in the sinoatrial node? Another piece to the puzzle | journal = The Journal of General Physiology | volume = 136 | issue = 3 | pages = 237–41 | date = Sep 2010 | pmid = 20713549 | pmc = 2931147 | doi = 10.1085/jgp.201010506 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schweizer PA, Duhme N, Thomas D, Becker R, Zehelein J, Draguhn A, Bruehl C, Katus HA, Koenen M | title = cAMP sensitivity of HCN pacemaker channels determines basal heart rate but is not critical for autonomic rate control | journal = Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology | volume = 3 | issue = 5 | pages = 542–52 | date = Oct 2010 | pmid = 20693575 | pmc = | doi = 10.1161/CIRCEP.110.949768 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Liao Z, Lockhead D, Larson ED, Proenza C | title = Phosphorylation and modulation of hyperpolarization-activated HCN4 channels by protein kinase A in the mouse sinoatrial node | journal = The Journal of General Physiology | volume = 136 | issue = 3 | pages = 247–58 | date = Sep 2010 | pmid = 20713547 | pmc = 2931151 | doi = 10.1085/jgp.201010488 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nof E, Antzelevitch C, Glikson M | title = The Contribution of HCN4 to normal sinus node function in humans and animal models | journal = Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology | volume = 33 | issue = 1 | pages = 100–6 | date = Jan 2010 | pmid = 19796353 | pmc = 2865562 | doi = 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2009.02563.x }}</ref>
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_HCN4_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1q3e.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1q3e}}, {{PDB2|1q43}}, {{PDB2|1q5o}}
| Name = Hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4
| HGNCid = 16882
| Symbol = HCN4
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 605206
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 3997
| MGIid = 1298209
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_HCN4_206946_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005249 |text = voltage-gated potassium channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005272 |text = sodium channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030552 |text = cAMP binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030955 |text = potassium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0031402 |text = sodium ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}  
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006812 |text = cation transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006813 |text = potassium ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006814 |text = sodium ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006936 |text = muscle contraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008015 |text = circulation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 10021
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000138622
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_005468
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_005477
    | Hs_GenLoc_db =
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 15
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 71400988
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 71448230
    | Hs_Uniprot = Q9Y3Q4
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 330953
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000032338
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_287905
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_287905
    | Mm_GenLoc_db =
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 58621649
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 58658900
    | Mm_Uniprot = O70507
  }}
}}
'''Hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4''', also known as '''HCN4''', is a human [[gene]].<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HCN4 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=10021| accessdate = }}</ref>


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Interactions ==
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =  
| summary_text =  
}}


==See also==
HCN4 has been shown to [[Protein-protein interaction|interact]] with [[HCN2]].<ref name=pmid12928435>{{cite journal | vauthors = Much B, Wahl-Schott C, Zong X, Schneider A, Baumann L, Moosmang S, Ludwig A, Biel M | title = Role of subunit heteromerization and N-linked glycosylation in the formation of functional hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 44 | pages = 43781–6 | date = Oct 2003 | pmid = 12928435 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M306958200 }}</ref>
 
== See also ==
* [[Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel]]
* [[Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel]]
* [[Funny current]]


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Qu J, Altomare C, Bucchi A, DiFrancesco D, Robinson RB | title = Functional comparison of HCN isoforms expressed in ventricular and HEK 293 cells | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 444 | issue = 5 | pages = 597–601 | date = Aug 2002 | pmid = 12194012 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-002-0860-7 }}
| citations =
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Schulze-Bahr E, Neu A, Friederich P, Kaupp UB, Breithardt G, Pongs O, Isbrandt D | title = Pacemaker channel dysfunction in a patient with sinus node disease | journal = The Journal of Clinical Investigation | volume = 111 | issue = 10 | pages = 1537–45 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12750403 | pmc = 155041 | doi = 10.1172/JCI16387 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Hofmann F, Biel M, Kaupp UB |title=International Union of Pharmacology. LI. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of cyclic nucleotide-regulated channels. |journal=Pharmacol. Rev. |volume=57 |issue= 4 |pages= 455-62 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16382102 |doi= 10.1124/pr.57.4.8 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Stieber J, Thomer A, Much B, Schneider A, Biel M, Hofmann F | title = Molecular basis for the different activation kinetics of the pacemaker channels HCN2 and HCN4 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 36 | pages = 33672–80 | date = Sep 2003 | pmid = 12813043 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M305318200 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Ludwig A, Zong X, Stieber J, ''et al.'' |title=Two pacemaker channels from human heart with profoundly different activation kinetics. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=18 |issue= 9 |pages= 2323-9 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10228147 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/18.9.2323 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Decher N, Bundis F, Vajna R, Steinmeyer K | title = KCNE2 modulates current amplitudes and activation kinetics of HCN4: influence of KCNE family members on HCN4 currents | journal = Pflügers Archiv | volume = 446 | issue = 6 | pages = 633–40 | date = Sep 2003 | pmid = 12856183 | doi = 10.1007/s00424-003-1127-7 }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Seifert R, Scholten A, Gauss R, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular characterization of a slowly gating human hyperpolarization-activated channel predominantly expressed in thalamus, heart, and testis. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue= 16 |pages= 9391-6 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10430953 |doi=  }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Much B, Wahl-Schott C, Zong X, Schneider A, Baumann L, Moosmang S, Ludwig A, Biel M | title = Role of subunit heteromerization and N-linked glycosylation in the formation of functional hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 44 | pages = 43781–6 | date = Oct 2003 | pmid = 12928435 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M306958200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Qu J, Altomare C, Bucchi A, ''et al.'' |title=Functional comparison of HCN isoforms expressed in ventricular and HEK 293 cells. |journal=Pflugers Arch. |volume=444 |issue= 5 |pages= 597-601 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12194012 |doi= 10.1007/s00424-002-0860-7 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Ueda K, Nakamura K, Hayashi T, Inagaki N, Takahashi M, Arimura T, Morita H, Higashiuesato Y, Hirano Y, Yasunami M, Takishita S, Yamashina A, Ohe T, Sunamori M, Hiraoka M, Kimura A | title = Functional characterization of a trafficking-defective HCN4 mutation, D553N, associated with cardiac arrhythmia | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 26 | pages = 27194–8 | date = Jun 2004 | pmid = 15123648 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M311953200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Schulze-Bahr E, Neu A, Friederich P, ''et al.'' |title=Pacemaker channel dysfunction in a patient with sinus node disease. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=111 |issue= 10 |pages= 1537-45 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12750403 |doi= }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Michels G, Er F, Khan I, Südkamp M, Herzig S, Hoppe UC | title = Single-channel properties support a potential contribution of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and If to cardiac arrhythmias | journal = Circulation | volume = 111 | issue = 4 | pages = 399–404 | date = Feb 2005 | pmid = 15687126 | doi = 10.1161/01.CIR.0000153799.65783.3A }}
*{{cite journal | author=Stieber J, Thomer A, Much B, ''et al.'' |title=Molecular basis for the different activation kinetics of the pacemaker channels HCN2 and HCN4. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 36 |pages= 33672-80 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12813043 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M305318200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Milanesi R, Baruscotti M, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, DiFrancesco D | title = Familial sinus bradycardia associated with a mutation in the cardiac pacemaker channel | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 354 | issue = 2 | pages = 151–7 | date = Jan 2006 | pmid = 16407510 | doi = 10.1056/NEJMoa052475 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Decher N, Bundis F, Vajna R, Steinmeyer K |title=KCNE2 modulates current amplitudes and activation kinetics of HCN4: influence of KCNE family members on HCN4 currents. |journal=Pflugers Arch. |volume=446 |issue= 6 |pages= 633-40 |year= 2004 |pmid= 12856183 |doi= 10.1007/s00424-003-1127-7 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Elinder F, Männikkö R, Pandey S, Larsson HP | title = Mode shifts in the voltage gating of the mouse and human HCN2 and HCN4 channels | journal = The Journal of Physiology | volume = 575 | issue = Pt 2 | pages = 417–31 | date = Sep 2006 | pmid = 16777944 | pmc = 1819464 | doi = 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.110437 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Much B, Wahl-Schott C, Zong X, ''et al.'' |title=Role of subunit heteromerization and N-linked glycosylation in the formation of functional hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 44 |pages= 43781-6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12928435 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M306958200 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nof E, Luria D, Brass D, Marek D, Lahat H, Reznik-Wolf H, Pras E, Dascal N, Eldar M, Glikson M | title = Point mutation in the HCN4 cardiac ion channel pore affecting synthesis, trafficking, and functional expression is associated with familial asymptomatic sinus bradycardia | journal = Circulation | volume = 116 | issue = 5 | pages = 463–70 | date = Jul 2007 | pmid = 17646576 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706887 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ueda K, Nakamura K, Hayashi T, ''et al.'' |title=Functional characterization of a trafficking-defective HCN4 mutation, D553N, associated with cardiac arrhythmia. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 26 |pages= 27194-8 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15123648 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M311953200 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Michels G, Er F, Khan I, ''et al.'' |title=Single-channel properties support a potential contribution of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and If to cardiac arrhythmias. |journal=Circulation |volume=111 |issue= 4 |pages= 399-404 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15687126 |doi= 10.1161/01.CIR.0000153799.65783.3A }}
*{{cite journal | author=Milanesi R, Baruscotti M, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, DiFrancesco D |title=Familial sinus bradycardia associated with a mutation in the cardiac pacemaker channel. |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=354 |issue= 2 |pages= 151-7 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16407510 |doi= 10.1056/NEJMoa052475 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Elinder F, Männikkö R, Pandey S, Larsson HP |title=Mode shifts in the voltage gating of the mouse and human HCN2 and HCN4 channels. |journal=J. Physiol. (Lond.) |volume=575 |issue= Pt 2 |pages= 417-31 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16777944 |doi= 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.110437 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Nof E, Luria D, Brass D, ''et al.'' |title=Point mutation in the HCN4 cardiac ion channel pore affecting synthesis, trafficking, and functional expression is associated with familial asymptomatic sinus bradycardia. |journal=Circulation |volume=116 |issue= 5 |pages= 463-70 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17646576 |doi= 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706887 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1517/  GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Brugada syndrome]
* {{MeshName|HCN4+protein,+human}}
* {{MeshName|HCN4+protein,+human}}
* {{UCSC genome browser|HCN4}}
* {{UCSC gene details|HCN4}}


{{membrane-protein-stub}}
{{NLM content}}
{{NLM content}}
{{Ion channels}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=10021}}
{{Ion channels|g4}}
 
[[Category:Ion channels]]
[[Category:Ion channels]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
 
{{membrane-protein-stub}}

Latest revision as of 00:26, 9 October 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

n/a

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Ensembl

n/a

n/a

UniProt

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

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n/a

RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCN4 gene.[1][2][3][4]

There are four HCN channels. HCN4 is prominently expressed in the pace maker region of the mammalian heart.[5] Some humans with bradycardia and Sick sinus syndrome have been shown to have mutations in their HCN4 gene.[6][7] The role of HCN channels in autonomic control of heart rate is currently a matter of ongoing investigation.[8][9][10][11]

Interactions

HCN4 has been shown to interact with HCN2.[12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ludwig A, Zong X, Stieber J, Hullin R, Hofmann F, Biel M (May 1999). "Two pacemaker channels from human heart with profoundly different activation kinetics". The EMBO Journal. 18 (9): 2323–9. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.9.2323. PMC 1171315. PMID 10228147.
  2. ↑ Seifert R, Scholten A, Gauss R, Mincheva A, Lichter P, Kaupp UB (Aug 1999). "Molecular characterization of a slowly gating human hyperpolarization-activated channel predominantly expressed in thalamus, heart, and testis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (16): 9391–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.9391. PMC 17793. PMID 10430953.
  3. ↑ Hofmann F, Biel M, Kaupp UB (Dec 2005). "International Union of Pharmacology. LI. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of cyclic nucleotide-regulated channels". Pharmacological Reviews. 57 (4): 455–62. doi:10.1124/pr.57.4.8. PMID 16382102.
  4. ↑ "Entrez Gene: HCN4 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide-gated potassium channel 4".
  5. ↑ Baruscotti M, Bucchi A, Viscomi C, Mandelli G, Consalez G, Gnecchi-Rusconi T, Montano N, Casali KR, Micheloni S, Barbuti A, DiFrancesco D (Jan 2011). "Deep bradycardia and heart block caused by inducible cardiac-specific knockout of the pacemaker channel gene Hcn4". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (4): 1705–10. doi:10.1073/pnas.1010122108. PMC 3029742. PMID 21220308.
  6. ↑ Schulze-Bahr E, Neu A, Friederich P, Kaupp UB, Breithardt G, Pongs O, Isbrandt D (May 2003). "Pacemaker channel dysfunction in a patient with sinus node disease". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 111 (10): 1537–45. doi:10.1172/JCI16387. PMC 155041. PMID 12750403.
  7. ↑ Laish-Farkash A, Glikson M, Brass D, Marek-Yagel D, Pras E, Dascal N, Antzelevitch C, Nof E, Reznik H, Eldar M, Luria D (Dec 2010). "A novel mutation in the HCN4 gene causes symptomatic sinus bradycardia in Moroccan Jews". Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 21 (12): 1365–72. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2010.01844.x. PMC 3005590. PMID 20662977.
  8. ↑ Larsson HP (Sep 2010). "How is the heart rate regulated in the sinoatrial node? Another piece to the puzzle". The Journal of General Physiology. 136 (3): 237–41. doi:10.1085/jgp.201010506. PMC 2931147. PMID 20713549.
  9. ↑ Schweizer PA, Duhme N, Thomas D, Becker R, Zehelein J, Draguhn A, Bruehl C, Katus HA, Koenen M (Oct 2010). "cAMP sensitivity of HCN pacemaker channels determines basal heart rate but is not critical for autonomic rate control". Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 3 (5): 542–52. doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.110.949768. PMID 20693575.
  10. ↑ Liao Z, Lockhead D, Larson ED, Proenza C (Sep 2010). "Phosphorylation and modulation of hyperpolarization-activated HCN4 channels by protein kinase A in the mouse sinoatrial node". The Journal of General Physiology. 136 (3): 247–58. doi:10.1085/jgp.201010488. PMC 2931151. PMID 20713547.
  11. ↑ Nof E, Antzelevitch C, Glikson M (Jan 2010). "The Contribution of HCN4 to normal sinus node function in humans and animal models". Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 33 (1): 100–6. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2009.02563.x. PMC 2865562. PMID 19796353.
  12. ↑ Much B, Wahl-Schott C, Zong X, Schneider A, Baumann L, Moosmang S, Ludwig A, Biel M (Oct 2003). "Role of subunit heteromerization and N-linked glycosylation in the formation of functional hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (44): 43781–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306958200. PMID 12928435.

Further reading

  • Qu J, Altomare C, Bucchi A, DiFrancesco D, Robinson RB (Aug 2002). "Functional comparison of HCN isoforms expressed in ventricular and HEK 293 cells". Pflügers Archiv. 444 (5): 597–601. doi:10.1007/s00424-002-0860-7. PMID 12194012.
  • Schulze-Bahr E, Neu A, Friederich P, Kaupp UB, Breithardt G, Pongs O, Isbrandt D (May 2003). "Pacemaker channel dysfunction in a patient with sinus node disease". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 111 (10): 1537–45. doi:10.1172/JCI16387. PMC 155041. PMID 12750403.
  • Stieber J, Thomer A, Much B, Schneider A, Biel M, Hofmann F (Sep 2003). "Molecular basis for the different activation kinetics of the pacemaker channels HCN2 and HCN4". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (36): 33672–80. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305318200. PMID 12813043.
  • Decher N, Bundis F, Vajna R, Steinmeyer K (Sep 2003). "KCNE2 modulates current amplitudes and activation kinetics of HCN4: influence of KCNE family members on HCN4 currents". Pflügers Archiv. 446 (6): 633–40. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1127-7. PMID 12856183.
  • Much B, Wahl-Schott C, Zong X, Schneider A, Baumann L, Moosmang S, Ludwig A, Biel M (Oct 2003). "Role of subunit heteromerization and N-linked glycosylation in the formation of functional hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (44): 43781–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306958200. PMID 12928435.
  • Ueda K, Nakamura K, Hayashi T, Inagaki N, Takahashi M, Arimura T, Morita H, Higashiuesato Y, Hirano Y, Yasunami M, Takishita S, Yamashina A, Ohe T, Sunamori M, Hiraoka M, Kimura A (Jun 2004). "Functional characterization of a trafficking-defective HCN4 mutation, D553N, associated with cardiac arrhythmia". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (26): 27194–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M311953200. PMID 15123648.
  • Michels G, Er F, Khan I, Südkamp M, Herzig S, Hoppe UC (Feb 2005). "Single-channel properties support a potential contribution of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels and If to cardiac arrhythmias". Circulation. 111 (4): 399–404. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000153799.65783.3A. PMID 15687126.
  • Milanesi R, Baruscotti M, Gnecchi-Ruscone T, DiFrancesco D (Jan 2006). "Familial sinus bradycardia associated with a mutation in the cardiac pacemaker channel". The New England Journal of Medicine. 354 (2): 151–7. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa052475. PMID 16407510.
  • Elinder F, Männikkö R, Pandey S, Larsson HP (Sep 2006). "Mode shifts in the voltage gating of the mouse and human HCN2 and HCN4 channels". The Journal of Physiology. 575 (Pt 2): 417–31. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.110437. PMC 1819464. PMID 16777944.
  • Nof E, Luria D, Brass D, Marek D, Lahat H, Reznik-Wolf H, Pras E, Dascal N, Eldar M, Glikson M (Jul 2007). "Point mutation in the HCN4 cardiac ion channel pore affecting synthesis, trafficking, and functional expression is associated with familial asymptomatic sinus bradycardia". Circulation. 116 (5): 463–70. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.706887. PMID 17646576.

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.


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