Congestive heart failure treatment of patients who have concomitant disorders: Difference between revisions
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(/* 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (DO NOT EDIT){{cite journal|last1=January|first1=C. T.|last2=Wann|first2=L. S.|last3=Alpert|first3=J. S.|last4=Calkins|first4=H.|last5=Cleveland|first5=J. C.|last6=Cigarroa|first6=J. E.|last7=Conti|first7=J. B.|last8=Ellinor|first8=P. T.|last9=Ezekowitz|first9=M. D.|last10=Field|first10=M. E.|last11=Murray|first11=K. T.|last12=Sacco|first12=R. L.|last13=Stevenson|first13=W. G.|last14=Tchou|first14=P. J.|last...) |
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.'''Control of resting heart rate using either a beta blocker or nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist is recommended for patients with persistent or permanent AF and compensated HF with preserved ejection fraction ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.'''Control of resting heart rate using either a beta blocker or nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist is recommended for patients with persistent or permanent AF and compensated HF with preserved ejection fraction ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' In the absence of pre-excitation, intravenous beta-blocker administration (or a nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist in patients with HFpEF) is recommended to slow the ventricular response to | | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' In the absence of pre-excitation, [[Intravenous therapy|intravenous]] [[beta-blocker]] administration (or a [[Calcium channel blocker|nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist]] in [[patients]] with [[Congestive heart failure|HFpEF]]) is recommended to slow the [[ventricle|ventricular]] response to [[atrial fibrillation]] in the acute setting, with caution needed in [[patients]] with overt [[congestion]], [[hypotension]], or [[heart failure]] with reduced [[left ventricle|left ventricular]] [[ejection fraction]]''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' In the absence of pre-excitation, intravenous digoxin or amiodarone is recommended to control heart rate acutely in patients with | | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' In the absence of pre-excitation, [[intravenous therapy|intravenous]] [[digoxin]] or [[amiodarone]] is recommended to control [[heart rate]] acutely in [[patients]] with [[heart failure]]''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.'''Assessment of heart rate control during exercise and adjustment of pharmacological treatment to keep the rate in the physiological range is useful in symptomatic patients during activity.''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.'''Assessment of [[heart rate]] control during [[Physical exercise|exercise]] and adjustment of [[pharmacology|pharmacological]] [[treatment]] to keep the [[heart rate|rate]] in the physiological range is useful in [[symptom|symptomatic]] [[patients]] during activity.''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''5.''' Digoxin is effective to control resting heart rate in patients with | | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''5.''' [[Digoxin]] is effective to control resting [[heart rate]] in [[patients]] with [[heart failure]] with reduced [[ejection fraction]]''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightCoral"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class III]] (Harm) | | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightCoral"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class III]] (Harm) | ||
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| bgcolor="LightCoral"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' AV node ablation should not be performed without a pharmacological trial to achieve ventricular rate control ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LightCoral"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' [[AV nodal ablation|AV node ablation]] should not be performed without a [[pharmacology|pharmacological trial]] to achieve [[ventricle|ventricular]] rate control ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| bgcolor="LightCoral"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' For rate control, intravenous nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists, intravenous beta blockers, and dronedarone should not be administered to patients with decompensated | | bgcolor="LightCoral"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' For [[heart rate|rate]] control, [[intravenous therapy|intravenous]] [[Calcium channel blocker|nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists]], [[intravenous therapy|intravenous]] [[beta blockers]], and [[dronedarone]] should not be administered to [[patients]] with decompensated [[heart failure]] ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]] | | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIa]] | ||
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| bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' A combination of digoxin and a beta blocker (or a nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist for patients with HFpEF) is reasonable to control resting and exercise heart rate in patients with | | bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' A combination of [[digoxin]] and a [[beta blocker]] (or a [[Calcium channel blocker|nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist]] for [[patients]] with [[Congestive heart failure|HFpEF]]) is reasonable to control resting and [[Physical exercise|exercise]] [[heart rate]] in [[patients]] with [[atrial fibrillation]] ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' It is reasonable to perform AV node ablation with ventricular pacing to control heart rate when pharmacological therapy is insufficient or not tolerated ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' It is reasonable to perform [[AV nodal ablation|AV node ablation]] with [[ventricle|ventricular]] pacing to control [[heart rate]] when [[pharmacology|pharmacological]] [[therapy]] is insufficient or not tolerated ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' Intravenous amiodarone can be useful to control heart rate in patients with | | bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''3.''' [[intravenous therapy|Intravenous]] [[amiodarone]] can be useful to control [[heart rate]] in [[patients]] with [[atrial fibrillation]] when other measures are unsuccessful or [[contraindication|contraindicated]]. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.''' For patients with | | bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''4.''' For [[patients]] with [[atrial fibrillation]] and rapid [[ventricle|ventricular]] response causing or suspected of causing [[tachycardia]]-induced [[cardiomyopathy]], it is reasonable to achieve [[heart rate|rate]] control by either [[AV nodalal ablation|AV nodal blockade]] or a rhythm-control strategy ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: B]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''5.''' For patients with chronic | | bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''5.''' For [[patients]] with [[Chronic (medical)|chronic]] [[heart rate]] who remain [[symptom|symptomatic]] from [[atrial fibrillation]] despite a rate-control strategy, it is reasonable to use a rhythm-control strategy''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIb]] | | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LemonChiffon"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class IIb]] | ||
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| bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Oral amiodarone may be considered when resting and exercise heart rate cannot be adequately controlled using a beta blocker (or a nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist in patients with HFpEF) or digoxin, alone or in combination ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' [[mouth|Oral]] [[amiodarone]] may be considered when resting and [[Physical exercise|exercise]] [[heart rate]] cannot be adequately controlled using a [[beta blocker]] (or a [[Calcium channel blocker|nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist]] in [[patients]] with [[Congestive heart failure|HFpEF]]) or [[digoxin]], alone or in combination ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' AV node ablation may be considered when the rate cannot be controlled and tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy is suspected ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LemonChiffon"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' [[AV nodal ablation|AV node ablation]] may be considered when the [[heart rate|rate]] cannot be controlled and [[tachycardia]]-mediated [[cardiomyopathy]] is suspected ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: C]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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Revision as of 07:04, 3 October 2021
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Resident Survival Guide |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (DO NOT EDIT)[1]
Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation
For WikiDoc page on Atrial Fibrillation click here.
| Class I |
| "1.Control of resting heart rate using either a beta blocker or nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist is recommended for patients with persistent or permanent AF and compensated HF with preserved ejection fraction (Level of Evidence: B)" |
| "2. In the absence of pre-excitation, intravenous beta-blocker administration (or a nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist in patients with HFpEF) is recommended to slow the ventricular response to atrial fibrillation in the acute setting, with caution needed in patients with overt congestion, hypotension, or heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction(Level of Evidence: B)" |
| "3. In the absence of pre-excitation, intravenous digoxin or amiodarone is recommended to control heart rate acutely in patients with heart failure(Level of Evidence: B)" |
| "4.Assessment of heart rate control during exercise and adjustment of pharmacological treatment to keep the rate in the physiological range is useful in symptomatic patients during activity.(Level of Evidence: C)" |
| "5. Digoxin is effective to control resting heart rate in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction(Level of Evidence: B)" |
| Class III (Harm) |
| "1. AV node ablation should not be performed without a pharmacological trial to achieve ventricular rate control (Level of Evidence: C)" |
| "2. For rate control, intravenous nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists, intravenous beta blockers, and dronedarone should not be administered to patients with decompensated heart failure (Level of Evidence: C)" |
| Class IIa |
| "1. A combination of digoxin and a beta blocker (or a nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist for patients with HFpEF) is reasonable to control resting and exercise heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation (Level of Evidence: B)" |
| "2. It is reasonable to perform AV node ablation with ventricular pacing to control heart rate when pharmacological therapy is insufficient or not tolerated (Level of Evidence: B)" |
| "3. Intravenous amiodarone can be useful to control heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation when other measures are unsuccessful or contraindicated. (Level of Evidence: C)" |
| "4. For patients with atrial fibrillation and rapid ventricular response causing or suspected of causing tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, it is reasonable to achieve rate control by either AV nodal blockade or a rhythm-control strategy (Level of Evidence: B)" |
| "5. For patients with chronic heart rate who remain symptomatic from atrial fibrillation despite a rate-control strategy, it is reasonable to use a rhythm-control strategy(Level of Evidence: C)" |
| Class IIb |
| "1. Oral amiodarone may be considered when resting and exercise heart rate cannot be adequately controlled using a beta blocker (or a nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist in patients with HFpEF) or digoxin, alone or in combination (Level of Evidence: C)" |
| "2. AV node ablation may be considered when the rate cannot be controlled and tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy is suspected (Level of Evidence: C)" |
2009 ACC/AHA Focused Update and 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult (DO NOT EDIT) [2][3]
Patients who have Concomitant Disorders (DO NOT EDIT) [2][3]
| Class I |
| "1. All other recommendations should apply to patients with concomitant disorders unless there are specific exceptions. (Level of Evidence: C) " |
| "2. Physicians should control systolic and diastolic hypertension and diabetes mellitus in patients with HF in accordance with recommended guidelines. (Level of Evidence: C) " |
| "3. Physicians should use nitrates and beta-blockers for the treatment of angina in patients with HF. (Level of Evidence: B) " |
| "4. Physicians should recommend coronary revascularization according to recommended guidelines in patients who have both HF and angina. (Level of Evidence: A) " |
| "5. Physicians should prescribe anticoagulants in patients with HF who have paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation or a previous thromboembolic event. (Level of Evidence: A) " |
| "6. Physicians should control the ventricular response rate in patients with HF and atrial fibrillation with a beta-blocker (or amiodarone, if the beta-blocker is contraindicated or not tolerated). (Level of Evidence: A) " |
| "7. Patients with coronary artery disease and HF should be treated in accordance with recommended guidelines for chronic stable angina. (Level of Evidence: C) " |
| "8. Physicians should prescribe antiplatelet agents for prevention of MI and death in patients with HF who have underlying coronary artery disease. (Level of Evidence: B) " |
| Class III (No Benefit) |
| "1. Class I or III antiarrhythmic drugs are not recommended in patients with HF for the prevention of ventricular arrhythmias. (Level of Evidence: A) Class Ia agents include quinidine, procainamide and disopyramide. Class Ib agents include lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide, and phenytoin. Class Ic agents include encainide, flecainide, moricizine, and propafenone. Class III agents include amiodarone, azimilide, bretylium, clofilium, dofetilide, tedisamil, ibutilide, sematilide, and sotalol. " |
| "2. The use of antiarrhythmic medication is not indicated as primary treatment for asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmias or to improve survival in patients with HF. (Level of Evidence: A)" |
| Class IIa |
| "1. It is reasonable to prescribe digitalis to control the ventricular response rate in patients with HF and atrial fibrillation. (Level of Evidence: A) " |
| "2. It is reasonable to treat patients with atrial fibrillation and HF with a strategy to maintain sinus rhythm or with a strategy to control ventricular rate alone. (Level of Evidence: A) " |
| "3. It is reasonable to prescribe amiodarone to decrease recurrence of atrial arrhythmias and to decrease recurrence of ICD discharge for ventricular arrhythmias. (Level of Evidence: C) " |
| Class IIb |
| "1. The usefulness of current strategies to restore and maintain sinus rhythm in patients with HF and atrial fibrillation is not well established. (Level of Evidence: C) " |
| "2. The usefulness of anticoagulation is not well established in patients with HF who do not have atrial fibrillation or a previous thromboembolic event. (Level of Evidence: B) " |
| "3. The benefit of enhancing erythropoiesis in patients with HF and anemia is not established. (Level of Evidence: C) " |
Vote on and Suggest Revisions to the Current Guidelines
Sources
- 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation [3]
- The ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult [2]
References
- ↑ January, C. T.; Wann, L. S.; Alpert, J. S.; Calkins, H.; Cleveland, J. C.; Cigarroa, J. E.; Conti, J. B.; Ellinor, P. T.; Ezekowitz, M. D.; Field, M. E.; Murray, K. T.; Sacco, R. L.; Stevenson, W. G.; Tchou, P. J.; Tracy, C. M.; Yancy, C. W. (2014). "2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society". Circulation. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000041. ISSN 0009-7322.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2005) ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 112 (12):e154-235. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.167586 PMID: 16160202
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Jessup M, Abraham WT, Casey DE, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. (2009) 2009 focused update: ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation 119 (14):1977-2016. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064 PMID: 19324967