Congestive heart failure risk factors: Difference between revisions

	Congestive Heart Failure Microchapters
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VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 11:08, 11 February 2022

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Saleh El Dassouki, M.D. [3]; Atif Mohammad, M.D.

Overview

Several risk factors may predispose to heart failure. These risk factors can be demographic, genetic, associated with lifestyle or medications.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors associated with heart failure include:

Risk factors for heart failure	Prevention strategies
Sedentary habit	Regular physical activity
Cigarette smoking	Cigarette smoking cessation
Obesity	Physical activity and healthy diet
Excessive alcohol intake	General population: no/light alcohol intake is beneficial, avoiding alcohol in Patients with alcohol-induced CMP
Influenza	Influenza vaccination
Microbes (Trypanosoma cruzi, Streptococci)	Early diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy
Cardiotoxic drugs (anthracyclines)	Cardiac function and side effect monitoring, dose adaptation, change of chemotherapy
Chest radiation	Cardiac function and side effect monitoring, dose adaptation
Hypertension	Life style modification, antihypertensive drugs
Hyperlipidemia	Healthy diet, statins
Diabetes mellitus	Physical activities, healthy diet, SGLT2 inhibitors
Coronary artery disease	Life style modification, statins

The above table adopted from 2021 ESC Guideline

^[1]

References

↑ McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland J, Coats A, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam C, Lyon AR, McMurray J, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano G, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A (September 2021). "2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure". Eur Heart J. 42 (36): 3599–3726. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368. PMID 34447992 Check |pmid= value (help). Vancouver style error: initials (help)

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[pmid34447992-1] McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland J, Coats A, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam C, Lyon AR, McMurray J, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano G, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A (September 2021). "2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure". Eur Heart J. 42 (36): 3599–3726. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368. PMID 34447992 Check |pmid= value (help). Vancouver style error: initials (help)

[1]

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ==Overview==
-Several risk factors may predispose to heart failure. These risk factors can be demographic, genetic, associated with life style or medications.
+Several [[risk factors]] may predispose to heart failure. These risk factors can be demographic, genetic, associated with lifestyle or medications.
 ==Risk Factors==
-#Demographic factors
+Common risk factors associated with [[heart failure]] include:
-#*Age (increased)
+{| style="border: 2px solid #4479BA; align="left"
-#*Low socioeconomic status
+! style="width: 200px; background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Risk factors for heart failure}}
-#Lifestyle-related factors
+! style="width: 300px; background: #4479BA;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Prevention strategies}}
-#*[[Tobacco]] and coffee consumption
+|-
-#*[[Alcohol consumption]]
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | Sedentary habit
-#*Dietary sodium intake
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | Regular [[physical activity]]
-#*Recreational drug use: [[Cocaine]], [[methamphetamine]]s.
+|-
-#Comorbidities
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Cigarette smoking]]
-#*[[Hypertension]]
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Cigarette smoking]] cessation
-#*[[Left ventricular hypertrophy]]
+|-
-#*[[Acute myocardial infarction|Myocardial infarction]]
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Obesity]]
-#*[[Obesity]]
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Physical activity]] and [[healthy diet]]
-#*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
+|-
-#*[[Valvular heart disease]]
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" |  Excessive [[alcohol]] intake
-#*[[Renal insufficiency]]
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | General population: no/light [[alcohol]]
-#*[[Dyslipidemia]]
+intake is beneficial, avoiding [[alcohol]] in  [[Patients]] with [[alcohol]]-induced [[CMP]]
-#*[[Sleep apnea]]
+|-
-#*[[Tachycardia]]
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Influenza]]
-#*Impaired lung function
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Influenza vaccination]]
-#*[[Depression]]
+|-
-#Echocardiographic factors
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Microbes]] ([[Trypanosoma cruzi]], [[Streptococci]])
-#*Ventricular dimension
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | Early diagnosis, [[antimicrobial]] therapy
-#*Ventricular mass
+|-
-#*Diastolic filling impairment
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Cardiotoxic]] drugs ([[anthracyclines]])
-#Pharmacological factors
-#*Chemotherapeutic agents
-#*[[Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug]]s
-#*[[Thiazolidinedione]]s
-#*[[Doxazosin]]
-#Biochemical
-#*[[Albuminuria]]
-#*[[Homocysteine]]: Elevated plasma [[homocysteine]] levels are associated with almost a 75% increase in risk for heart failure development.
-#*[[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha]] ([[TNF-alpha]]): After adjustment for other risk factors, every tertile increment in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels was associated with a 60% increase in risk of heart failure. [[TNF-alpha]] has several negative pleiotropic effects and also negative inotropic properties that may be responsible for excessive heart failure risk. [[TNF-alpha]] is also associated with progression of heart failure.
-#*[[Interleukin-6]]: IL-6 is a pro-inflammatory [[cytokine]] which associated with an excessive risk of development of heart failure.
-#*[[C-reactive protein]]
-#*[[Insulin-like growth factor-I]] ([[IGF-I]])
-#*[[Natriuretic peptides]]
-#Genetic risk factors
-#*[[Genetic polymorphism]]
-===Risk Factors Associated with Heart Failure Progression and Outcomes===
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" |[[Cardiac]] function and side effect monitoring, dose adaptation, change of [[chemotherapy]]
-#Clinical
+|-
-#*Etiology
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Chest radiation]]
-#*Age
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Cardiac]] function and side effect monitoring, [[dose]] adaptation
-#*Gender
+|-
-#*Symptom duration
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Hypertension]]
-#*[[NYHA class]]
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Life style]] modification, [[antihypertensive]] [[drugs]]
-#*Weight
+|-
-#*Heart rate
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Hyperlipidemia]]
-#*[[Mean arterial pressure]]
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Healthy diet]], [[statin]]s
-#*[[S3|S3 gallop]]
+|-
-#*[[Jugular venous pressure]]
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Diabetes mellitus]]
-#*Cardiothoracic ratio
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Physical activities]], [[healthy diet]], [[SGLT2 inhibitors]]
-#*Renal function
+|-
-#*Serum [[sodium]]
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Coronary artery disease]]
-#*[[Troponin T]]
+| style="padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5; text-align: left;" | [[Life style modification]], [[statins]]
-#*History of diabetes
+|-
-#*[[Anemia]]
+|}
-#Echocardiographic
+{|
-#*Ejection fraction
+! colspan="2" style="background: PapayaWhip;" align="center" + |The above table adopted from 2021 ESC Guideline
-#*Exercise ejection fraction
+|-
-#*Ventricular dimensions
+|}<ref name="pmid34447992">{{cite journal |vauthors=McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam CSP, Lyon AR, McMurray JJV, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano GMC, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A |title=2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure |journal=Eur Heart J |volume=42 |issue=36 |pages=3599–3726 |date=September 2021 |pmid=34447992 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368 |url=}}</ref>
-#*Sphericity index
-#*Prolonged isovolumic relaxation
-#*Restrictive mitral filling
-#*Changes in E/A ratio
-#*[[Mitral regurgitation]]
-#*Contractile reserve
-#*Left ventricular mass
-#Exercise Tolerance
-#*Exercise duration
-#*Peak O2 consumption
-#*VE/VCO2
-#*Anaerobic threshold 6-minute walk test
-#Hemodynamics
-#*[[Cardiac index]]
-#*Pulmonary artery pressure
-#*Pulmonary artery wedge pressure
-#*[[Pulmonary vascular resistance]]
-#*Stroke work index
-#*Right atrial pressure
-#*A-V oxygen difference
-#*Coronary sinus O<sub>2</sub> content
-#Electrophysiological
-#*Conduction delay
-#*Atrial arrhythmia
-#*Family history of sudden death
-#*Presence of late potentials
-#*QT dispersion
-#*[[T wave alternans]]
-#Neurohormonal
-#*Renin-angiotensin system
-#*[[Angiotensin II]]
-#*[[Aldosterone]]
-#*Plasma renin activity
-#*Sympathetic nervous system
-#*:*[[Norepinephrine]]
-#*:*[[Epinephrine]]
-#*:*Heart rate variability
-#*:*Norepinephrine spillover
-#Natriuretic factors
-#*[[Atrial natriuretic peptide]]
-#*B-type natriuretic peptide
-#*N-terminal-pro-ANP
-#[[Cytokines]] and others
-#*[[TNF-alpha]]
-#*[[Interleukin-6]]
-#*[[Endothelin]]
-#*[[ICAM-1]] and [[Neuropeptide Y]] (NPY)
-#*[[Arginine vasopressin]]
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 [[Category:Cardiology]]
@@ Line 133: / Line 72: @@
 [[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
 [[Category:Medicine]]
-[[Category:Primary care]]
 [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
 [[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]]
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Congestive heart failure risk factors: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:08, 11 February 2022

Overview

Risk Factors

References

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