Amenorrhea historical perspective: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 5: Line 5:


==Overview==
==Overview==
The ancient Egyptian belief honored "[[Menstrual bleeding|menstrual blood]]" as life-giving. The Mesopotamian mother goddess, named Ninhursag, is believed to have created mankind from loam and her "'''''blood of life'''''". The first descriptions about disturbances in [[menstrual cycle]] are found in Papyrus Ebres [named after the Egyptologist Georg M. Ebers (1837-1898)], from New Kingdom period (1450-1550 B.C.E). They described the patients as a "women who suffers from the side of her [[pubic region]] as an irregularity of her [[menstruation]]". In 1907, British Medical Journal, released an article about different types of treatments (mostly herbal and conservative) for [[amenorrhea]]. In 1911, some researchers evaluate the [[therapeutic]] methods presented 4 years ago and make some suggestions to manage amenorrhea better. The term '''amenorrhea''' is derived from Greek language ['''''a''''' = negative, '''''men''''' = month, '''''rhoia''''' = flow], means lack of [[menstruation]] cycle in a woman.
The ancient Egyptian belief honored "[[Menstrual bleeding|menstrual blood]]" as life-giving. The Mesopotamian mother goddess, named Ninhursag, is believed to have created mankind from loam and her "'''''blood of life'''''". The first description on disturbances in [[menstrual cycle]] can be found in Papyrus Ebres [named after the Egyptologist Georg M. Ebers (1837-1898)], from New Kingdom period (1450-1550 B.C.E). They described the patients as a "women who suffers from the side of her [[pubic region]] as an irregularity of her [[menstruation]]". In 1907, British Medical Journal, released an article about different types of treatments (mostly herbal and conservative) for [[amenorrhea]]. These treatment options were further evaluated in 1911 and led to a better approach in the management of amenorrhea. The term '''amenorrhea''' is derived from Greek language ['''''a''''' = negative, '''''men''''' = month, '''''rhoia''''' = flow], means lack of [[menstruation]] cycle in a woman.


==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
Line 41: Line 41:
{{family tree/end}}
{{family tree/end}}
* The ancient Egyptian belief honored [[Menstrual bleeding|menstrual blood]] as life-giving. The Mesopotamian mother goddess, named Ninhursag, is believed to have created mankind from loam and her "'''''blood of life'''''".<ref name="urlMenstruation in ancient Egypt, by Petra Habiger, at the Museum of Menstruation and Womens Health">{{cite web |url=http://www.mum.org/germnt5.htm |title=Menstruation in ancient Egypt, by Petra Habiger, at the Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
* The ancient Egyptian belief honored [[Menstrual bleeding|menstrual blood]] as life-giving. The Mesopotamian mother goddess, named Ninhursag, is believed to have created mankind from loam and her "'''''blood of life'''''".<ref name="urlMenstruation in ancient Egypt, by Petra Habiger, at the Museum of Menstruation and Womens Health">{{cite web |url=http://www.mum.org/germnt5.htm |title=Menstruation in ancient Egypt, by Petra Habiger, at the Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
* The first descriptions about disturbances in [[menstrual cycle]] are found in Papyrus Ebres [named after the Egyptologist Georg M. Ebers (1837-1898)], from New Kingdom period (1450-1550 B.C.E). They described the patients as a "women who suffers from the side of her [[pubic region]] as an irregularity of her [[menstruation]]".<ref>{{cite book | last = Sigerist | first = Henry | title = A history of medicine | publisher = Oxford | location = New York | year = 1951 | isbn = 9780195001020 }}</ref><ref name="pmid25996397">{{cite journal| author=| title=Reorganized text. | journal=JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2015 | volume= 141 | issue= 5 | pages= 428 | pmid=25996397 | doi=10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25996397  }}</ref>
* The first description on disturbances in [[menstrual cycle]] can be found in Papyrus Ebres [named after the Egyptologist Georg M. Ebers (1837-1898)], from New Kingdom period (1450-1550 B.C.E). They described the patients as a "women who suffers from the side of her [[pubic region]] as an irregularity of her [[menstruation]]".<ref>{{cite book | last = Sigerist | first = Henry | title = A history of medicine | publisher = Oxford | location = New York | year = 1951 | isbn = 9780195001020 }}</ref><ref name="pmid25996397">{{cite journal| author=| title=Reorganized text. | journal=JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | year= 2015 | volume= 141 | issue= 5 | pages= 428 | pmid=25996397 | doi=10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25996397  }}</ref>
* In Papyrus Edwin Smith [named after an American antiques dealer (1822-1906)], from 2900 B.C.E, first definition of [[amenorrhea]] presents as "woman suffering in her [[abdomen]], so that the [[Menstrual bleeding|menstrual discharge]] can not leave her". There are also [[Herbal therapy|herbal treatments]] suggestions for this condition in the Papyrus.<ref>{{cite book | last = Breasted | first = James | title = The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus, published in facsimile and hieroglyphic transliteration with translation and commentary in two volumes | publisher = University of Chicago, Oriental Institute | location = Chicago, Ill | year = 1930 | isbn = 0-918986-73-7 }}</ref>
* In Papyrus Edwin Smith [named after an American antiques dealer (1822-1906)], from 2900 B.C.E, first definition of [[amenorrhea]] presents as "woman suffering in her [[abdomen]], so that the [[Menstrual bleeding|menstrual discharge]] can not leave her". There are also [[Herbal therapy|herbal treatment]] options for this condition in the Papyrus.<ref>{{cite book | last = Breasted | first = James | title = The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus, published in facsimile and hieroglyphic transliteration with translation and commentary in two volumes | publisher = University of Chicago, Oriental Institute | location = Chicago, Ill | year = 1930 | isbn = 0-918986-73-7 }}</ref>
* The term '''amenorrhea''' is derived from Greek language ['''''a''''' = negative, '''''men''''' = month, '''''rhoia''''' = flow]. The opposite is the normal [[menstrual period]].
* The term '''amenorrhea''' is derived from Greek language ['''''a''''' = negative, '''''men''''' = month, '''''rhoia''''' = flow]. The opposite is the normal [[menstrual period]].
* Historically, the term amenorrhea has often been used as a euphemism for "unwanted pregnancy" and many folk treatments for this condition were in fact [[abortifacient]]s.
* Historically, the term amenorrhea has been often used as a euphemism for "[[unwanted pregnancy]]" and many traditional treatments for this condition were in fact [[abortifacient]]s.
* In 1855, William Brinton, a British [[physician]], presented a woman with secondary amenorrhea caused by severe [[cachexia]] due to chronic [[peptic ulcer disease]].<ref name="pmid20741224">{{cite journal| author=Brinton W| title=ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL. ULCER OF THE STOMACH, COMPLICATED WITH AMENORRHOEA, TREATED SUCCESSFULLY. | journal=Assoc Med J | year= 1856 | volume= 4 | issue= 158 | pages= 22-4 | pmid=20741224 | doi= | pmc=2439376 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20741224  }}</ref>
* In 1855, William Brinton, a British [[physician]], presented a woman with secondary amenorrhea caused by severe [[cachexia]] due to chronic [[peptic ulcer disease]].<ref name="pmid20741224">{{cite journal| author=Brinton W| title=ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL. ULCER OF THE STOMACH, COMPLICATED WITH AMENORRHOEA, TREATED SUCCESSFULLY. | journal=Assoc Med J | year= 1856 | volume= 4 | issue= 158 | pages= 22-4 | pmid=20741224 | doi= | pmc=2439376 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20741224  }}</ref>
* In 1885, Maury Deas, a British [[physician]], suggested [[Permanganate]] of [[Potash]] as a treatment option for [[psychosis]] associated amenorrhea.<ref name="pmid20751231">{{cite journal |vauthors=Deas PM |title=Note on the Use of Permanganate of Potash in Cases of Insanity Associated with Amenorrhoea |journal=Br Med J |volume=1 |issue=1268 |pages=778–9 |year=1885 |pmid=20751231 |pmc=2256047 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In 1885, Maury Deas, a British [[physician]], suggested [[Permanganate]] of [[Potash]] as a treatment option for [[psychosis]] associated amenorrhea.<ref name="pmid20751231">{{cite journal |vauthors=Deas PM |title=Note on the Use of Permanganate of Potash in Cases of Insanity Associated with Amenorrhoea |journal=Br Med J |volume=1 |issue=1268 |pages=778–9 |year=1885 |pmid=20751231 |pmc=2256047 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In 1894, Jollye, a British [[physician]], described a girl with secondary amenorrhea along with some symptoms reflecting [[brain]] mass lesion.<ref name="pmid20754906">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jollye FW |title=A Case of Amenorrhoea with Brain Symptoms |journal=Br Med J |volume=1 |issue=1747 |pages=1354–5 |year=1894 |pmid=20754906 |pmc=2404280 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In 1894, Jollye, a British [[physician]], described a girl with secondary amenorrhea along with some symptoms reflecting [[brain]] mass lesion.<ref name="pmid20754906">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jollye FW |title=A Case of Amenorrhoea with Brain Symptoms |journal=Br Med J |volume=1 |issue=1747 |pages=1354–5 |year=1894 |pmid=20754906 |pmc=2404280 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* In 1910, Crowe, a Canadian [[physician]], was the first to describe [[pituitary gland]] as a regulator of [[gonads|gonadal]] [[stem cell]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Crowe | first = SJ | title = Experimental hypophysectomy (Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital) | publisher = Johns Hopkins Press | location = Johns Hopkins Hospital | year = 1910 | ASIN = B00088F464 }}</ref>
* In 1910, Crowe, a Canadian [[physician]], was the first to describe [[pituitary gland]] as a regulator of [[gonads|gonadal]] [[stem cell]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Crowe | first = SJ | title = Experimental hypophysectomy (Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital) | publisher = Johns Hopkins Press | location = Johns Hopkins Hospital | year = 1910 | ASIN = B00088F464 }}</ref>
* In 1912, Bernhard Aschner, an Austrian [[endocrinologist]], found gonad control by [[pituitary gland]] is controlled by another superior center in the [[brain]]. He suggested [[hypophysis]], [[pituitary stalk]], and centres superior to the [[medulla oblongata]] as the controlling systems. Their dysfunction leads to [[hypopituitarism]] and also [[hypogonadism]].<ref name="Aschner1912">{{cite journal|last1=Aschner|first1=Bernhard|title=Ueber die Beziehungen zwischen Hypophysis und Genitale|journal=Archiv für Gynaekologie|volume=97|issue=2|year=1912|pages=200–228|issn=0003-9128|doi=10.1007/BF01726121}}</ref>  
* In 1912, Bernhard Aschner, an Austrian [[endocrinologist]], found gonadal control by [[pituitary gland]] is regulated by another superior center in the [[brain]]. He suggested [[hypophysis]], [[pituitary stalk]], and centers superior to the [[medulla oblongata]] as the controlling centers. Their dysfunction leads to [[hypopituitarism]] as well as [[hypogonadism]].<ref name="Aschner1912">{{cite journal|last1=Aschner|first1=Bernhard|title=Ueber die Beziehungen zwischen Hypophysis und Genitale|journal=Archiv für Gynaekologie|volume=97|issue=2|year=1912|pages=200–228|issn=0003-9128|doi=10.1007/BF01726121}}</ref>  
* In 1926, Philip Smith, an American [[endocrinologist]], experienced and approved that implanting animals' pituitary gland into other animals (mice, cats, and rabbits) leads to initiation of [[puberty]] and enlargement of [[gonads]].<ref name="Smith1926">{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=P. E.|title=Hastening Development of Female Genital System by Daily Homoplastic Pituitary Transplants.|journal=Experimental Biology and Medicine|volume=24|issue=2|year=1926|pages=131–132|issn=1535-3702|doi=10.3181/00379727-24-3260}}</ref>
* In 1926, Philip Smith, an American [[endocrinologist]], experienced and approved that implanting animals' [[pituitary gland]] into other animals (mice, cats, and rabbits) leads to initiation of [[puberty]] and enlargement of [[gonads]].<ref name="Smith1926">{{cite journal|last1=Smith|first1=P. E.|title=Hastening Development of Female Genital System by Daily Homoplastic Pituitary Transplants.|journal=Experimental Biology and Medicine|volume=24|issue=2|year=1926|pages=131–132|issn=1535-3702|doi=10.3181/00379727-24-3260}}</ref>
* In 1926, Bernhard Zondek, a Israeli [[gynecologist]], did the same experience, injecting adult humans' or cows' pituitary gland into immature animals and witnessing the rapid rush of their [[puberty]] process.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zondek|first1=Bernhard|title=Ueber die Funktion des Ovariums.|journal=Zeitschr Geburtsh Gynäkol|volume=90|year=1926|pages=327}}</ref>
* In 1926, Bernhard Zondek, a Israeli [[gynecologist]], had the same experience, injecting adult humans' or cows' [[pituitary gland]] into immature animals and witnessing the rapid rush of their [[puberty]] process.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zondek|first1=Bernhard|title=Ueber die Funktion des Ovariums.|journal=Zeitschr Geburtsh Gynäkol|volume=90|year=1926|pages=327}}</ref>
* In 1929, Bernhard Zondek, a Israeli [[gynecologist]], identified that, [[pituitary gland]] secretes two major [[hormones]], that controls sexual life and maintains the species. He named them as "'''''prolan A'''''" and "'''''prolan B'''''", named after the Latin word "'''''prole'''''" which means "'''''descendant'''''".<ref name="Zondek1929">{{cite journal|last1=Zondek|first1=Bernhard|title=Weitere Untersuchungen zur Darstellung, Biologie und Klinik des Hypophysenvorderlappen-Hormons (Prolan)|journal=Klinische Wochenschrift|volume=8|issue=4|year=1929|pages=157–159|issn=0023-2173|doi=10.1007/BF01748589}}</ref>
* In 1929, Bernhard Zondek, a Israeli [[gynecologist]], identified that, [[pituitary gland]] secretes two major [[hormones]], that controls [[sexual]] life and maintains the species. He named them as "'''''prolan A'''''" and "'''''prolan B'''''", named after the Latin word "'''''prole'''''" which means "'''''descendant'''''".<ref name="Zondek1929">{{cite journal|last1=Zondek|first1=Bernhard|title=Weitere Untersuchungen zur Darstellung, Biologie und Klinik des Hypophysenvorderlappen-Hormons (Prolan)|journal=Klinische Wochenschrift|volume=8|issue=4|year=1929|pages=157–159|issn=0023-2173|doi=10.1007/BF01748589}}</ref>
* In 1930, Philip Smith, an American [[endocrinologist]], suggested that excision of [[pituitary gland]] in immature animals can lead to failure of sexual maturation; whereas in mature animals excision can lead to [[gonadal]] [[atrophy]], regression of [[sexual characteristics]], and [[infertility]] in mature animals.<ref name="SteelmanPohley1953">{{cite journal|last1=Steelman|first1=Sanford L.|last2=Pohley|first2=Florence M.|title=ASSAY OF THE FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE BASED ON THE AUGMENTATION WITH HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN|journal=Endocrinology|volume=53|issue=6|year=1953|pages=604–616|issn=0013-7227|doi=10.1210/endo-53-6-604}}</ref>
* In 1930, Philip Smith, an American [[endocrinologist]], suggested that excision of [[pituitary gland]] in immature animals can lead to failure of [[sexual]] maturation; whereas in mature animals excision can lead to [[gonadal]] [[atrophy]], regression of [[sexual characteristics]], and [[infertility]].<ref name="SteelmanPohley1953">{{cite journal|last1=Steelman|first1=Sanford L.|last2=Pohley|first2=Florence M.|title=ASSAY OF THE FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE BASED ON THE AUGMENTATION WITH HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN|journal=Endocrinology|volume=53|issue=6|year=1953|pages=604–616|issn=0013-7227|doi=10.1210/endo-53-6-604}}</ref>
* In 1930, Bernhard Zondek, a Israeli [[gynecologist]], found prolan A responsible for follicular growth stimulation and prolan B responsible for [[ovulation]] induction and [[corpus luteum]] formation. Zondek also described that prolan A and B together induced the "'''''fuliculin'''''" hormone from [[gonads]], while prolan B alone induced both fuliculin and "'''''lutein'''''" [[hormones]].<ref name="Zondek1930">{{cite journal|last1=Zondek|first1=Bernhard|title=über die Hormone des Hypophysenvorderlappens|journal=Klinische Wochenschrift|volume=9|issue=6|year=1930|pages=245–248|issn=0023-2173|doi=10.1007/BF01765181}}</ref>
* In 1930, Bernhard Zondek, a Israeli [[gynecologist]], found prolan A is responsible for follicular growth stimulation and prolan B is responsible for [[ovulation]] induction and [[corpus luteum]] formation. Zondek also described that prolan A and B together induce the hormone "'''''fuliculin'''''" from [[gonads]], while prolan B alone induce both fuliculin and "'''''lutein'''''" [[hormones]].<ref name="Zondek1930">{{cite journal|last1=Zondek|first1=Bernhard|title=über die Hormone des Hypophysenvorderlappens|journal=Klinische Wochenschrift|volume=9|issue=6|year=1930|pages=245–248|issn=0023-2173|doi=10.1007/BF01765181}}</ref>
* In 1931, Fevold, an American zoologist, named fuliculin and lutein as [[Follicle stimulating hormone|follicle stimulating factor]] and [[Luteinizing hormone|luteinizing factor]], respectively.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fevold|first1=HL|last2=Hisaw|first2=FL|last3=Leonard|first3=SL|title=The gonad stimulating and the luteinizing hormones of the anterior lobe of the hypophesis.|journal=American Journal of Physiology--Legacy Content|volume=97|issue=2|year=1931|pages=291–301|issn=0002-9513|doi=}}</ref>
* In 1931, Fevold, an American zoologist, named fuliculin and lutein as [[Follicle stimulating hormone|follicle stimulating factor]] and [[Luteinizing hormone|luteinizing factor]] respectively.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fevold|first1=HL|last2=Hisaw|first2=FL|last3=Leonard|first3=SL|title=The gonad stimulating and the luteinizing hormones of the anterior lobe of the hypophesis.|journal=American Journal of Physiology--Legacy Content|volume=97|issue=2|year=1931|pages=291–301|issn=0002-9513|doi=}}</ref>


== Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies ==
== Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies ==
* In 1907, British Medical Journal, released an article about different types of treatments (mostly herbal and conservative) for [[amenorrhea]].<ref name="urlThe Composition Of Certain Secret Remedies. VIII. Female Medicines on JSTOR">{{cite web |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20296934 |title=The Composition Of Certain Secret Remedies. VIII. "Female Medicines" on JSTOR |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
* In 1907, [[British Medical Journal]], released an article about different types of treatments (mostly herbal and conservative) for [[amenorrhea]].<ref name="urlThe Composition Of Certain Secret Remedies. VIII. Female Medicines on JSTOR">{{cite web |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/20296934 |title=The Composition Of Certain Secret Remedies. VIII. "Female Medicines" on JSTOR |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
* In 1911, some researchers evaluate the [[therapeutic]] methods presented 4 years ago and make some suggestions to manage amenorrhea better.<ref name="pmid20765710">{{cite journal| author=| title=THE COMPOSITION OF CERTAIN SECRET REMEDIES : PREPARATIONS FOR AMENORRHOEA AND OTHER WOMEN'S COMPLAINTS. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1911 | volume= 2 | issue= 2635 | pages= 32-7 | pmid=20765710 | doi= | pmc=2331498 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20765710  }}</ref>
* In 1911, researchers further evaluated the [[therapeutic]] methods (described in 1907) and suggested better management of amenorrhea.<ref name="pmid20765710">{{cite journal| author=| title=THE COMPOSITION OF CERTAIN SECRET REMEDIES : PREPARATIONS FOR AMENORRHOEA AND OTHER WOMEN'S COMPLAINTS. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1911 | volume= 2 | issue= 2635 | pages= 32-7 | pmid=20765710 | doi= | pmc=2331498 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20765710  }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
 
]]
[[Category:Overview complete]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]




{{WH}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
{{WS}}
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]
[[Category:Obstetrics]]

Latest revision as of 20:22, 29 July 2020

Amenorrhea Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Primary amenorrhea
Secondary amenorrhea

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Amenorrhea from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Amenorrhea historical perspective On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Amenorrhea historical perspective

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Amenorrhea historical perspective

CDC on Amenorrhea historical perspective

Amenorrhea historical perspective in the news

Blogs on Amenorrhea historical perspective

Directions to Hospitals Treating Amenorrhea

Risk calculators and risk factors for Amenorrhea historical perspective

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Overview

The ancient Egyptian belief honored "menstrual blood" as life-giving. The Mesopotamian mother goddess, named Ninhursag, is believed to have created mankind from loam and her "blood of life". The first description on disturbances in menstrual cycle can be found in Papyrus Ebres [named after the Egyptologist Georg M. Ebers (1837-1898)], from New Kingdom period (1450-1550 B.C.E). They described the patients as a "women who suffers from the side of her pubic region as an irregularity of her menstruation". In 1907, British Medical Journal, released an article about different types of treatments (mostly herbal and conservative) for amenorrhea. These treatment options were further evaluated in 1911 and led to a better approach in the management of amenorrhea. The term amenorrhea is derived from Greek language [a = negative, men = month, rhoia = flow], means lack of menstruation cycle in a woman.

Historical Perspective

Amenorrhea historical perspective

 
 
 
 
 
Believed to create mankind from loam and her "blood of life"
Ninhursag
Mesopotamian mother goddess
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First descriptions about disturbances in menstrual cycle
Papyrus Ebres, from New Kingdom period (1450-1550 B.C.E)
Named after the Egyptologist Georg M. Ebers (1837-1898)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First definition of amenorrhea
"woman suffering in her abdomen, so that the menstrual discharge can not leave her"
Papyrus Edwin Smith, from 2900 B.C.E
Named after an American antiques dealer (1822-1906)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Description of secondary amenorrhea in severe cachexia due to chronic peptic ulcer
William Brinton, a British physician
In 1855
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Suggestion of Permanganate of Potash for treatment of psychosis associated amenorrhea
Maury Deas, a British physician
In 1885
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Description of secondary amenorrhea with brain mass lesion
Jollye, a British physician
In 1894
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Release an article about treatments (mostly herbal and conservative) for amenorrhea
British Medical Journal
In 1907
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First description of pituitary gland as a regulator of gonads' stem cell
Crowe, a Canadian physician
In 1910
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First description of hypophysis, pituitary stalk, and centres above medulla oblongata
as the pituitary gland controlling systems
Bernhard Aschner, an Austrian endocrinologist
In 1912
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Initiation of puberty and gonads enlargement by implanting animals' pituitary glands into other animals (mice, cats, and rabbits)
Philip Smith, an American endocrinologist
In 1926
 
Puberty induction by implanting adult humans' or cows' pituitary glands into some immature animals
Bernhard Zondek, a Israeli gynecologist
In 1926
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First revealing that pituitary gland secrets "prolan A" and "prolan B" as major controllers of the sexual life
Bernhard Zondek, a Israeli gynecologist
In 1929
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First presentation of sexual characteristics regression in mature animals and failure of sexual maturation in immature animals, both after excision of pituitary gland
Philip Smith, an American endocrinologist
In 1930
 
First description of prolan A and prolan B roles in sexual cycle, leading to secretion of "fuliculin" and "lutein"
Bernhard Zondek, a Israeli gynecologist
In 1930
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First naming fuliculin and lutein as follicle stimulating factor and luteinizing factor, respectively
Fevold, an American zoologist
In 1931
 
 
 
 
 

Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies

  • In 1907, British Medical Journal, released an article about different types of treatments (mostly herbal and conservative) for amenorrhea.[16]
  • In 1911, researchers further evaluated the therapeutic methods (described in 1907) and suggested better management of amenorrhea.[17]

References

  1. ↑ "Menstruation in ancient Egypt, by Petra Habiger, at the Museum of Menstruation and Women's Health".
  2. ↑ Sigerist, Henry (1951). A history of medicine. New York: Oxford. ISBN 9780195001020.
  3. ↑ "Reorganized text". JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 141 (5): 428. 2015. doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2015.0540. PMID 25996397.
  4. ↑ Breasted, James (1930). The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus, published in facsimile and hieroglyphic transliteration with translation and commentary in two volumes. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago, Oriental Institute. ISBN 0-918986-73-7.
  5. ↑ Brinton W (1856). "ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL. ULCER OF THE STOMACH, COMPLICATED WITH AMENORRHOEA, TREATED SUCCESSFULLY". Assoc Med J. 4 (158): 22–4. PMC 2439376. PMID 20741224.
  6. ↑ Deas PM (1885). "Note on the Use of Permanganate of Potash in Cases of Insanity Associated with Amenorrhoea". Br Med J. 1 (1268): 778–9. PMC 2256047. PMID 20751231.
  7. ↑ Jollye FW (1894). "A Case of Amenorrhoea with Brain Symptoms". Br Med J. 1 (1747): 1354–5. PMC 2404280. PMID 20754906.
  8. ↑ Crowe, SJ (1910). Experimental hypophysectomy (Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital). Johns Hopkins Hospital: Johns Hopkins Press. ASIN B00088F464.
  9. ↑ Aschner, Bernhard (1912). "Ueber die Beziehungen zwischen Hypophysis und Genitale". Archiv für Gynaekologie. 97 (2): 200–228. doi:10.1007/BF01726121. ISSN 0003-9128.
  10. ↑ Smith, P. E. (1926). "Hastening Development of Female Genital System by Daily Homoplastic Pituitary Transplants". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 24 (2): 131–132. doi:10.3181/00379727-24-3260. ISSN 1535-3702.
  11. ↑ Zondek, Bernhard (1926). "Ueber die Funktion des Ovariums". Zeitschr Geburtsh Gynäkol. 90: 327.
  12. ↑ Zondek, Bernhard (1929). "Weitere Untersuchungen zur Darstellung, Biologie und Klinik des Hypophysenvorderlappen-Hormons (Prolan)". Klinische Wochenschrift. 8 (4): 157–159. doi:10.1007/BF01748589. ISSN 0023-2173.
  13. ↑ Steelman, Sanford L.; Pohley, Florence M. (1953). "ASSAY OF THE FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE BASED ON THE AUGMENTATION WITH HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN". Endocrinology. 53 (6): 604–616. doi:10.1210/endo-53-6-604. ISSN 0013-7227.
  14. ↑ Zondek, Bernhard (1930). "über die Hormone des Hypophysenvorderlappens". Klinische Wochenschrift. 9 (6): 245–248. doi:10.1007/BF01765181. ISSN 0023-2173.
  15. ↑ Fevold, HL; Hisaw, FL; Leonard, SL (1931). "The gonad stimulating and the luteinizing hormones of the anterior lobe of the hypophesis". American Journal of Physiology--Legacy Content. 97 (2): 291–301. ISSN 0002-9513.
  16. ↑ "The Composition Of Certain Secret Remedies. VIII. "Female Medicines" on JSTOR".
  17. ↑ "THE COMPOSITION OF CERTAIN SECRET REMEDIES : PREPARATIONS FOR AMENORRHOEA AND OTHER WOMEN'S COMPLAINTS". Br Med J. 2 (2635): 32–7. 1911. PMC 2331498. PMID 20765710.

]]


Template:WH Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Amenorrhea_historical_perspective&oldid=1634585"