Neurofibroma differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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*[[Schwann cells]]: | *[[Schwann cells]]: | ||
**Ensheath neuritic [[Process (anatomy)|processes]] | **Ensheath neuritic [[Process (anatomy)|processes]] | ||
**Arranged in small intersecting [[fascicles]], separated by loose myxoid stroma | **Arranged in small intersecting [[fascicles]], separated by loose myxoid [[stroma]] | ||
Two histologic subtypes: | Two [[histologic]] subtypes: | ||
*Mature = every ganglion cell is mature | *Mature = every [[ganglion cell]] is mature | ||
*Maturing = minor component of scattered collections of differentiating neuroblasts or maturing ganglion cells ( | *Maturing = minor component of scattered collections of [[Differentiating (disease name) from other diseases page|differentiating]] [[neuroblasts]] or maturing [[ganglion cells]] (unlike intermixed subtype of ganglioneuroblastoma, these immature foci do not form [[Distinctive feature|distinct]] [[microscopic]] nests) | ||
*Background may include lobules of mature adipose tissue (especially at periphery of lesion), mast cells, chronic inflammation, dense collagenized stroma | *[[Background]] may include [[lobules]] of mature [[adipose tissue]] (especially at [[periphery]] of [[lesion]]), [[mast cells]], [[Chronic (medicine)|chronic]] [[inflammation]], [[dense]] [[Collagen|collagenized]] [[stroma]] | ||
*Mild variation in cellularity may be present | *Mild variation in [[Cellular|cellularity]] may be present | ||
*Masculinizing ganglioneuroma is an admixture of ganglioneuroma and Leydig cells with crystalloids of Reinke or strands/clusters of cells resembling adrenal cortical cells | *[[Masculinization|Masculinizing]] [[ganglioneuroma]] is an admixture of [[ganglioneuroma]] and [[Leydig cells]] with crystalloids of [[Reinke's edema|Reinke]] or strands/[[Cluster (epidemiology)|clusters]] of [[Cells (biology)|cells]] resembling [[Adrenal cortex|adrenal cortical]] [[Cells (biology)|cells]] | ||
*Electron microscopy: | *[[Electron microscopy]]: | ||
**Mixture of neural bundles and normal appearing ganglion cells with eccentric nuclei and large numbers of cytoplasmic organelles | **[[Mixture]] of [[neural]] bundles and normal [[Appearance|appearing]] [[ganglion cells]] with [[Eccentricity (mathematics)|eccentric]] [[nuclei]] and large [[Number|numbers]] of [[cytoplasmic]] [[organelles]] | ||
|Positive for: | |Positive for: | ||
*Schwann cells/stroma: | *[[Schwann cells]]/[[stroma]]: | ||
**S100 | **[[S100A1|S100]] | ||
**Synaptophysin | **[[Synaptophysin]] | ||
**Neurofilament (NF) protein | **[[Neurofilament protein|Neurofilament (NF) protein]] | ||
*Ganglion cells: | *[[Ganglion cells]]: | ||
**S100 | **[[S100A1|S100]] | ||
**Synaptophysin | **[[Synaptophysin]] | ||
**Chromogranin A | **[[Chromogranin A]] | ||
**NF protein | **[[Neurofilament protein|NF protein]] | ||
**Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) | **[[Glial fibrillary acidic protein]] ([[GFAP]]) | ||
**PGP 9.5 | **PGP 9.5 | ||
**Type IV collagen | **[[Type IV collagen]] | ||
**Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) | **[[Vasoactive intestinal peptide]] ([[VIP]]) | ||
Negative for: | Negative for: | ||
*EMA | *EMA | ||
*Cytokeratin | *[[Cytokeratin]] | ||
*HMB45 | *HMB45 | ||
*WT1 | *[[WT1]] | ||
*CD99 | *[[CD99]] | ||
*CD45 | *[[CD45]] | ||
*Desmin | *[[Desmin]] | ||
*Myogenic markers (myogenin, MyoD1) | *[[Myogenic]] [[Marker|markers]] ([[myogenin]], MyoD1) | ||
| | | | ||
Ganglioneuromas may be associated with: | [[Ganglioneuroma|Ganglioneuromas]] may be associated with: | ||
* [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia]] type IIb ([[mucosal]] ganglioneuromas) | * [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia]] type IIb ([[mucosal]] [[Ganglioneuroma|ganglioneuromas]]) | ||
* [[Turner syndrome]] | * [[Turner syndrome]] | ||
* [[Neurofibromatosis type 1]] | * [[Neurofibromatosis type 1]] | ||
| | | | ||
Located along distribution of sympathetic nervous system: | Located along [[Distribution (pharmacology)|distribution]] of [[sympathetic nervous system]]: | ||
* Posterior paraspinal [[mediastinum]] (most common) | * [[Posterior]] paraspinal [[mediastinum]] (most common) | ||
* [[Adrenal gland]] (~20-30% of cases) | * [[Adrenal gland]] (~20-30% of cases) | ||
* Paraspinal [[retroperitoneum]] (especially presacral space) | * Paraspinal [[retroperitoneum]] (especially [[presacral space]]) | ||
*Cervical and parapharyngeal area in neck | *[[Cervical]] and [[Parapharyngeal space infection|parapharyngeal area]] in [[neck]] | ||
*Urinary bladder | *[[Urinary bladder]] | ||
*Prostate | *[[Prostate]] | ||
*Bone | *[[Bone]] | ||
*Pancreas | *[[Pancreas]] | ||
*Skin | *[[Skin]] | ||
*Orbit | *[[Orbit (anatomy)|Orbit]] | ||
*Paratesticular area | *Paratesticular [[area]] | ||
*Appendix | *[[Appendix]] | ||
*Gastrointestinal tract | *[[Gastrointestinal tract]] | ||
|Symptoms of ganglioneuroma vary depending on the location of tumor, and include the following: | |[[Symptoms]] of [[ganglioneuroma]] vary depending on the [[Location parameter|location]] of [[tumor]], and include the following: | ||
* Mediastinum: | * [[Mediastinum]]: | ||
** Dyspnea | ** [[Dyspnea]] | ||
** Chest pain | ** [[Chest pain]] | ||
**Trachea compression | **[[Trachea]] compression | ||
* Retroperitoneum: | * [[Retroperitoneum]]: | ||
** Abdominal pain | ** [[Abdominal pain]] | ||
** Bloating | ** [[Bloating]] | ||
* Spinal cord: | * [[Spinal cord]]: | ||
** Paresis | ** [[Paresis]] | ||
** Pain and numbness/loss of sensation in limbs | ** [[Pain]] and [[numbness]]/[[loss of sensation]] in [[limbs]] | ||
Patients with ganglioneuroma may also have [[paraneoplastic syndrome]], which may manifest with: | [[Patients]] with [[ganglioneuroma]] may also have [[paraneoplastic syndrome]], which may manifest with: | ||
* [[Diarrhea]] | * [[Diarrhea]] | ||
* [[Diaphoresis]] | * [[Diaphoresis]] | ||
* [[Hirsuitism|Hirsutism]] | * [[Hirsuitism|Hirsutism]] | ||
*Enlarged clitoris (in females) | *[[Clitoris enlargement|Enlarged clitoris]] (in [[females]]) | ||
*High blood pressure | *[[High blood pressure]] | ||
*Sweating | *[[Sweating]] | ||
| | | | ||
Ganglioneuromas are included in the ''neuroblastic tumors'' group, which includes: | [[Ganglioneuroma|Ganglioneuromas]] are included in the ''neuroblastic [[tumors]]'' [[Group (sociology)|group]], which includes: | ||
* Ganglioneuroma (benign) | * [[Ganglioneuroma]] ([[benign]]) | ||
* Ganglioneuroblastoma (intermediate) | * Ganglioneuroblastoma (intermediate) | ||
* Neuroblastoma (aggressive) | * [[Neuroblastoma]] (aggressive) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''Myxoid liposarcoma'''<ref>{{Cite journal | | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''Myxoid liposarcoma'''<ref>{{Cite journal |
Revision as of 14:25, 30 April 2019
Neurofibroma Microchapters |
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Neurofibroma differential diagnosis On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mohsin, M.D.[2]
Overview
Neurofibroma must be differentiated from schwannoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), ganglioneuroma, dermal neurotized melanocytic nevus, myxoid liposarcoma, solitary circumscribed neuroma, traumatic neuroma, superficial angiomyxoma, nerve sheath myxoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, spindle cell lipoma, leiomyoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and fibroepithelial polyp.
Differential Diagnosis
Neurofibroma must be differentiated from:[1][2][3]
- Schwannoma
- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)
- Ganglioneuroma
- Dermal neurotized melanocytic nevus
- Myxoid liposarcoma
- Solitary circumscribed neuroma/palisaded encapsulated neuroma
- Traumatic neuroma
- Superficial angiomyxoma
- Nerve sheath myxoma
- Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)/malignant schwannoma
- Spindle cell lipoma
- Leiomyoma
- Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
- Fibroepithelial polyp/acrochordon (aka skin tag or soft fibroma)
References
- ↑ Neurofibroma. Libre Pathology 2015. http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/Neurofibroma#cite_note-pmid15486243-2 Accessed on November 17, 2015
- ↑ http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/peripheral-nerve/neurofibroma/
- ↑ http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/peripheral-nerve/neurofibroma/
- ↑ Rodriguez, Fausto J.; Folpe, Andrew L.; Giannini, Caterina; Perry, Arie (2012). "Pathology of peripheral nerve sheath tumors: diagnostic overview and update on selected diagnostic problems". Acta Neuropathologica. 123 (3): 295–319. doi:10.1007/s00401-012-0954-z. ISSN 0001-6322.
- ↑ Choi, Kwangmin; Komurov, Kakajan; Fletcher, Jonathan S.; Jousma, Edwin; Cancelas, Jose A.; Wu, Jianqiang; Ratner, Nancy (2017). "An inflammatory gene signature distinguishes neurofibroma Schwann cells and macrophages from cells in the normal peripheral nervous system". Scientific Reports. 7 (1). doi:10.1038/srep43315. ISSN 2045-2322.
- ↑ Liao, Chung-Ping; Booker, Reid C.; Brosseau, Jean-Philippe; Chen, Zhiguo; Mo, Juan; Tchegnon, Edem; Wang, Yong; Clapp, D. Wade; Le, Lu Q. (2018). "Contributions of inflammation and tumor microenvironment to neurofibroma tumorigenesis". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 128 (7): 2848–2861. doi:10.1172/JCI99424. ISSN 0021-9738.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Staser, K.; Yang, F.-C.; Clapp, D. W. (2010). "Mast cells and the neurofibroma microenvironment". Blood. 116 (2): 157–164. doi:10.1182/blood-2009-09-242875. ISSN 0006-4971.
- ↑ Muir, David; Neubauer, Debbie; Lim, Ingrid T.; Yachnis, Anthony T.; Wallace, Margaret R. (2001). "Tumorigenic Properties of Neurofibromin-Deficient Neurofibroma Schwann Cells". The American Journal of Pathology. 158 (2): 501–513. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63992-2. ISSN 0002-9440.
- ↑ Wilkinson, Lana M.; Manson, David; Smith, Charles R. (2004). "Best Cases from the AFIP". RadioGraphics. 24 (suppl_1): S237–S242. doi:10.1148/rg.24si035170. ISSN 0271-5333.
- ↑ Bernthal, Nicholas; Jones, Kevin; Monument, Michael; Liu, Ting; Viskochil, David; Randall, R. (2013). "Lost in Translation: Ambiguity in Nerve Sheath Tumor Nomenclature and Its Resultant Treatment Effect". Cancers. 5 (4): 519–528. doi:10.3390/cancers5020519. ISSN 2072-6694.
- ↑ Mautner, V. F.; Friedrich, R. E.; von Deimling, A.; Hagel, C.; Korf, B.; Knöfel, M. T.; Wenzel, R.; Fünsterer, C. (2003). "Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis type 1: MRI supports the diagnosis of malignant plexiform neurofibroma". Neuroradiology. 45 (9): 618–625. doi:10.1007/s00234-003-0964-6. ISSN 0028-3940.
- ↑ Shen, M H; Harper, P S; Upadhyaya, M (1996). "Molecular genetics of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)". Journal of Medical Genetics. 33 (1): 2–17. doi:10.1136/jmg.33.1.2. ISSN 1468-6244.
- ↑ Rubin, Joshua B.; Gutmann, David H. (2005). "Neurofibromatosis type 1 — a model for nervous system tumour formation?". Nature Reviews Cancer. 5 (7): 557–564. doi:10.1038/nrc1653. ISSN 1474-175X.
- ↑ Gray, Mark H. (1990). "Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Factor XIIIa Expression in Neurofibromas". Archives of Dermatology. 126 (4): 472. doi:10.1001/archderm.1990.01670280056009. ISSN 0003-987X.
- ↑ Schwannoma. Dr Tim Luijkx and Dr Sara Wein et al. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/schwannoma
- ↑ Vestibular Schwannoma. Wikipedia(2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_schwannoma Accessed on October 2 2015
- ↑ Giordano J, Rogers LV (1989). "Peripherally administered serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists reduce inflammatory pain in rats". European Journal of Pharmacology. 170 (1–2): 83–6. PMID 2612565.
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(help) - ↑ Kolvenbach H, Lauven PM, Schneider B, Kunath U (1989). "Repetitive intercostal nerve block via catheter for postoperative pain relief after thoracotomy". The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon. 37 (5): 273–6. doi:10.1055/s-2007-1020331. PMID 2588243. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ↑ Opaleva-Stegantseva VA, Ivanov AG, Gavrilina IA, Khar'kov EI, Ratovskaia VI (1986). "[Incidence of sudden death cases in acute coronary insufficiency and acute myocardial infarction at the pre-hospital stage in Krasnoyarsk]". Kardiologiia (in Russian). 26 (5): 23–6. PMID 3735913.
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(help) - ↑ Misago N, Inoue T, Narisawa Y (2007). "Unusual benign myxoid nerve sheath lesion: myxoid palisaded encapsulated neuroma (PEN) or nerve sheath myxoma with PEN/PEN-like features?". Am J Dermatopathol. 29 (2): 160–4. doi:10.1097/01.dad.0000256688.91974.09. PMID 17414438.
- ↑ Lee EJ, Calcaterra TC, Zuckerbraun L (1998). "Traumatic neuromas of the head and neck". Ear Nose Throat J. 77 (8): 670–4, 676. PMID 9745184.
- ↑ Hanna SA, Catapano J, Borschel GH (2016). "Painful pediatric traumatic neuroma: surgical management and clinical outcomes". Childs Nerv Syst. 32 (7): 1191–4. doi:10.1007/s00381-016-3109-z. PMID 27179535.
- ↑ Foltán R, Klíma K, Spacková J, Sedý J (2008). "Mechanism of traumatic neuroma development". Med Hypotheses. 71 (4): 572–6. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.05.010. PMID 18599222.
- ↑ Yao C, Zhou X, Zhao B, Sun C, Poonit K, Yan H (2017). "Treatments of traumatic neuropathic pain: a systematic review". Oncotarget. 8 (34): 57670–57679. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16917. PMC 5593675. PMID 28915703.
- ↑ Gray MH, Smoller BR, McNutt NS, Hsu A (1990). "Neurofibromas and neurotized melanocytic nevi are immunohistochemically distinct neoplasms". Am J Dermatopathol. 12 (3): 234–41. PMID 1693815.
- ↑ Chen Y, Klonowski PW, Lind AC, Lu D (2012). "Differentiating neurotized melanocytic nevi from neurofibromas using Melan-A (MART-1) immunohistochemical stain". Arch Pathol Lab Med. 136 (7): 810–5. doi:10.5858/arpa.2011-0335-OA. PMID 22742554.
- ↑ Singh N, Chandrashekar L, Kar R, Sylvia MT, Thappa DM (2015). "Neurotized congenital melanocytic nevus resembling a pigmented neurofibroma". Indian J Dermatol. 60 (1): 46–50. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.147789. PMC 4318062. PMID 25657396.
- ↑ Gray MH, Smoller BR, McNutt NS, Hsu A (1990). "Immunohistochemical demonstration of factor XIIIa expression in neurofibromas. A practical means of differentiating these tumors from neurotized melanocytic nevi and schwannomas". Arch Dermatol. 126 (4): 472–6. PMID 1690969.
- ↑ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cutaneous-myxoma
- ↑ Alaiti, Samer; Nelson, Fern P.; Ryoo, Jei W. (2000). "Solitary cutaneous myxoma". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 43 (2): 377–379. doi:10.1067/mjd.2000.101878. ISSN 0190-9622.
- ↑ Carney, J. Aidan (1986). "Cutaneous Myxomas". Archives of Dermatology. 122 (7): 790. doi:10.1001/archderm.1986.01660190068018. ISSN 0003-987X.
- ↑ Iida, Ken; Egi, Takeshi; Shigi, Masato; Sogabe, Yusuke; Ohashi, Hirotsugu (2019). "Cutaneous Myxoma of Multiple Lesions". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open. 7 (2): e2040. doi:10.1097/GOX.0000000000002040. ISSN 2169-7574.
- ↑ Fetsch JF, Laskin WB, Miettinen M (2005). "Nerve sheath myxoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 57 morphologically distinctive, S-100 protein- and GFAP-positive, myxoid peripheral nerve sheath tumors with a predilection for the extremities and a high local recurrence rate". Am J Surg Pathol. 29 (12): 1615–24. PMID 16327434.
- ↑ Yadav SK, Singh S, Sarin N, Naeem R, Pruthi SK (2019). "Nerve Sheath Myxoma of Scalp: A Rare Site of Presentation". Int J Trichology. 11 (1): 34–37. doi:10.4103/ijt.ijt_45_18. PMC 6385516. PMID 30820132.
- ↑ Bhat A, Narasimha A, C V, Vk S (2015). "Nerve sheath myxoma: report of a rare case". J Clin Diagn Res. 9 (4): ED07–9. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/10911.5810. PMC 4437072. PMID 26023558.
- ↑ Avninder S, Ramesh V, Vermani S (2007). "Benign nerve sheath myxoma (myxoid neurothekeoma) in the leg". Dermatol Online J. 13 (2): 14. PMID 17498433.
- ↑ Kim BW, Won CH, Chang SE, Lee MW (2014). "A case of nerve sheath myxoma on finger". Indian J Dermatol. 59 (1): 99–101. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.123526. PMC 3884944. PMID 24470676.
- ↑ Pulitzer DR, Reed RJ (1985). "Nerve-sheath myxoma (perineurial myxoma)". Am J Dermatopathol. 7 (5): 409–21. PMID 4091218.
- ↑ Valeyrie-Allanore, L.; Ismaili, N.; Bastuji-Garin, S.; Zeller, J.; Wechsler, J.; Revuz, J.; Wolkenstein, P. (2005). "Symptoms associated with malignancy of peripheral nerve sheath tumours: a retrospective study of 69 patients with neurofibromatosis 1". British Journal of Dermatology. 153 (1): 79–82. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06558.x. ISSN 0007-0963.
- ↑ Evans DG, Baser ME, McGaughran J, Sharif S, Howard E, Moran A (2002). "Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours in neurofibromatosis 1". J Med Genet. 39 (5): 311–4. PMC 1735122. PMID 12011145.
- ↑ Panigrahi S, Mishra SS, Das S, Dhir MK (2013). "Primary malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor at unusual location". J Neurosci Rural Pract. 4 (Suppl 1): S83–6. doi:10.4103/0976-3147.116480. PMC 3808069. PMID 24174807.
- ↑ Ferrari A, Bisogno G, Carli M (2007). "Management of childhood malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor". Paediatr Drugs. 9 (4): 239–48. doi:10.2165/00148581-200709040-00005. PMID 17705563.
- ↑ Neville H, Corpron C, Blakely ML, Andrassy R (2003). "Pediatric neurofibrosarcoma". J Pediatr Surg. 38 (3): 343–6, discussion 343-6. doi:10.1053/jpsu.2003.50105. PMID 12632346.
- ↑ Zehou, Ouidad; Fabre, Elizabeth; Zelek, Laurent; Sbidian, Emilie; Ortonne, Nicolas; Banu, Eugeniu; Wolkenstein, Pierre; Valeyrie-Allanore, Laurence (2013). "Chemotherapy for the treatment of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis 1: a 10-year institutional review". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 8 (1): 127. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-8-127. ISSN 1750-1172.
- ↑ Vasiliadis, K.; Papavasiliou, C.; Fachiridis, D.; Pervana, S.; Michaelides, M.; Kiranou, M.; Makridis, C. (2012). "Retroperitoneal extra-adrenal ganglioneuroma involving the infrahepatic inferior vena cava, celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery: A case report". International Journal of Surgery Case Reports. 3 (11): 541–543. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2012.07.008. ISSN 2210-2612.
- ↑ https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ganglioneuroma
- ↑ Khin Thway, Rashpal Flora, Chirag Shah, David Olmos & Cyril Fisher (2012). "Diagnostic utility of p16, CDK4, and MDM2 as an immunohistochemical panel in distinguishing well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas from other adipocytic tumors". The American journal of surgical pathology. 36 (3): 462–469. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3182417330. PMID 22301498. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ J. Rosai, M. Akerman, P. Dal Cin, I. DeWever, C. D. Fletcher, N. Mandahl, F. Mertens, F. Mitelman, A. Rydholm, R. Sciot, G. Tallini, H. Van den Berghe, W. Van de Ven, R. Vanni & H. Willen (1996). "Combined morphologic and karyotypic study of 59 atypical lipomatous tumors. Evaluation of their relationship and differential diagnosis with other adipose tissue tumors (a report of the CHAMP Study Group)". The American journal of surgical pathology. 20 (10): 1182–1189. PMID 8827023. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Dal Cin, Paola; Kools, Patrick; Sciot, Raf; De Wever, Ivo; Van Damme, Boudewijn; Van de Ven, Wim; Van Den Berghe, Herman (1993). "Cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization investigation of ring chromosomes characterizing a specific pathologic subgroup of adipose tissue tumors". Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics. 68 (2): 85–90. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(93)90001-3. ISSN 0165-4608.
- ↑ Dei Tos, Angelo P.; Doglioni, Claudio; Piccinin, Sara; Sciot, Raf; Furlanetto, Alberto; Boiocchi, Mauro; Dal Cin, Paola; Maestro, Roberta; Fletcher, Christopher D. M.; Tallini, Giovanni (2000). "Coordinated expression and amplification of theMDM2,CDK4, andHMGI-C genes in atypical lipomatous tumours". The Journal of Pathology. 190 (5): 531–536. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(200004)190:5<531::AID-PATH579>3.0.CO;2-W. ISSN 0022-3417.
- ↑ Dei Tos, A (2000). "Liposarcoma: New entities and evolving concepts". Annals of Diagnostic Pathology. 4 (4): 252–266. doi:10.1053/adpa.2000.8133. ISSN 1092-9134.
- ↑ M. D. Kraus, L. Guillou & C. D. Fletcher (1997). "Well-differentiated inflammatory liposarcoma: an uncommon and easily overlooked variant of a common sarcoma". The American journal of surgical pathology. 21 (5): 518–527. PMID 9158675. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ P. Argani, F. Facchetti, G. Inghirami & J. Rosai (1997). "Lymphocyte-rich well-differentiated liposarcoma: report of nine cases". The American journal of surgical pathology. 21 (8): 884–895. PMID 9255251. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ H. L. Evans (1979). "Liposarcoma: a study of 55 cases with a reassessment of its classification". The American journal of surgical pathology. 3 (6): 507–523. PMID 534388. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ A. P. Dei Tos, T. Mentzel, P. L. Newman & C. D. Fletcher (1994). "Spindle cell liposarcoma, a hitherto unrecognized variant of liposarcoma. Analysis of six cases". The American journal of surgical pathology. 18 (9): 913–921. PMID 8067512. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ D. C. Dahlin, K. K. Unni & T. Matsuno (1977). "Malignant (fibrous) histiocytoma of bone--fact or fancy?". Cancer. 39 (4): 1508–1516. PMID 192432. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ 57.0 57.1 Coffin CM, Watterson J, Priest JR, Dehner LP (1995). "Extrapulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory pseudotumor). A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 84 cases". Am J Surg Pathol. 19 (8): 859–72. PMID 7611533.
- ↑ 58.0 58.1 58.2 58.3 Wenig BM, Devaney K, Bisceglia M (1995). "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the larynx. A clinicopathologic study of eight cases simulating a malignant spindle cell neoplasm". Cancer. 76 (11): 2217–29. PMID 8635024.
- ↑ 59.0 59.1 Ramachandra S, Hollowood K, Bisceglia M, Fletcher CD (1995). "Inflammatory pseudotumour of soft tissues: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 18 cases". Histopathology. 27 (4): 313–23. PMID 8847061.
- ↑ 60.0 60.1 Häusler M, Schaade L, Ramaekers VT, Doenges M, Heimann G, Sellhaus B (2003). "Inflammatory pseudotumors of the central nervous system: report of 3 cases and a literature review". Hum Pathol. 34 (3): 253–62. doi:10.1053/hupa.2003.35. PMID 12673560.
- ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 Rabban JT, Zaloudek CJ, Shekitka KM, Tavassoli FA (2005). "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the uterus: a clinicopathologic study of 6 cases emphasizing distinction from aggressive mesenchymal tumors". Am J Surg Pathol. 29 (10): 1348–55. PMID 16160478.
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 Kovach SJ, Fischer AC, Katzman PJ, Salloum RM, Ettinghausen SE, Madeb R; et al. (2006). "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors". J Surg Oncol. 94 (5): 385–91. doi:10.1002/jso.20516. PMID 16967468.
- ↑ 63.0 63.1 Coffin CM, Dehner LP, Meis-Kindblom JM (1998). "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, inflammatory fibrosarcoma, and related lesions: an historical review with differential diagnostic considerations". Semin Diagn Pathol. 15 (2): 102–10. PMID 9606802.
- ↑ 64.0 64.1 Berardi RS, Lee SS, Chen HP, Stines GJ (1983). "Inflammatory pseudotumors of the lung". Surg Gynecol Obstet. 156 (1): 89–96. PMID 6336632.
- ↑ 65.0 65.1 Coffin CM, Hornick JL, Fletcher CD (2007). "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: comparison of clinicopathologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features including ALK expression in atypical and aggressive cases". Am J Surg Pathol. 31 (4): 509–20. doi:10.1097/01.pas.0000213393.57322.c7. PMID 17414097.
- ↑ Cukic O, Jovanovic MB (2019). "Large Fibroepithelial Polyp of the Palatine Tonsil". Ear Nose Throat J: 145561319841203. doi:10.1177/0145561319841203. PMID 30997841.
- ↑ Vatansever M, Dinç E, Dursun Ö, Oktay ÖÖ, Arpaci R (2019). "Atypical presentation of fibroepithelial polyp: a report of two cases". Arq Bras Oftalmol. doi:10.5935/0004-2749.20190050. PMID 30916216.
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