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==Microscopic Pathology==
==Microscopic Pathology==
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, thickening and lamellation of tubular basement membranes, microcysts and negative immunofluorescence for complement and immunoglobulin are characteristic findings of ADPKD.
*On microscopic histopathological analysis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, thickening and lamellation of tubular basement membranes, microcysts and negative immunofluorescence for complement and immunoglobulin are characteristic findings of ADPKD.<ref name="pmid12234310">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stavrou C, Koptides M, Tombazos C, Psara E, Patsias C, Zouvani I, Kyriacou K, Hildebrandt F, Christofides T, Pierides A, Deltas CC |title=Autosomal-dominant medullary cystic kidney disease type 1: clinical and molecular findings in six large Cypriot families |journal=Kidney Int. |volume=62 |issue=4 |pages=1385–94 |date=October 2002 |pmid=12234310 |doi=10.1111/j.1523-1755.2002.kid581.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24509297">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bleyer AJ, Kmoch S, Antignac C, Robins V, Kidd K, Kelsoe JR, Hladik G, Klemmer P, Knohl SJ, Scheinman SJ, Vo N, Santi A, Harris A, Canaday O, Weller N, Hulick PJ, Vogel K, Rahbari-Oskoui FF, Tuazon J, Deltas C, Somers D, Megarbane A, Kimmel PL, Sperati CJ, Orr-Urtreger A, Ben-Shachar S, Waugh DA, McGinn S, Bleyer AJ, Hodanová K, Vylet'al P, Živná M, Hart TC, Hart PS |title=Variable clinical presentation of an MUC1 mutation causing medullary cystic kidney disease type 1 |journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=527–35 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24509297 |pmc=3944763 |doi=10.2215/CJN.06380613 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21775974">{{cite journal |vauthors=Faguer S, Decramer S, Chassaing N, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Calvas P, Beaufils S, Bessenay L, Lengelé JP, Dahan K, Ronco P, Devuyst O, Chauveau D |title=Diagnosis, management, and prognosis of HNF1B nephropathy in adulthood |journal=Kidney Int. |volume=80 |issue=7 |pages=768–76 |date=October 2011 |pmid=21775974 |doi=10.1038/ki.2011.225 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20378641">{{cite journal |vauthors=Heidet L, Decramer S, Pawtowski A, Morinière V, Bandin F, Knebelmann B, Lebre AS, Faguer S, Guigonis V, Antignac C, Salomon R |title=Spectrum of HNF1B mutations in a large cohort of patients who harbor renal diseases |journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=1079–90 |date=June 2010 |pmid=20378641 |pmc=2879303 |doi=10.2215/CJN.06810909 |url=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 20:30, 4 June 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: M. Khurram Afzal, MD [2] Serge Korjian, Yazan Daaboul

Overview

The pathogenesis of ADPKD is related to the protein products of the PKD1 and PKD2 genes known collectively as polycystins. These proteins are mainly involved in ciliary function in the renal tubular cells, and defects in their function leads to intracellular cAMP accumulation and mTOR overactivity causing cell proliferation, fluid secretion, and abnormal extracellular matrix and intercellular interactions the main processes that lead to cyst formation.

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

Genetics

Associated Conditions

Conditions associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD):

Conditions associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD):

Gross Pathology

  • On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, thickening and lamellation of tubular basement membranes, microcysts and negative immunofluorescence for complement and immunoglobulin are characteristic findings of ADPKD.[31][32][33][34]

References

  1. Hughes J, Ward CJ, Peral B, Aspinwall R, Clark K, San Millán JL; et al. (1995). "The polycystic kidney disease 1 (PKD1) gene encodes a novel protein with multiple cell recognition domains". Nat Genet. 10 (2): 151–60. doi:10.1038/ng0695-151. PMID 7663510.
  2. Hayashi T, Mochizuki T, Reynolds DM, Wu G, Cai Y, Somlo S (1997). "Characterization of the exon structure of the polycystic kidney disease 2 gene (PKD2)". Genomics. 44 (1): 131–6. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4851. PMID 9286709.
  3. Qian F, Germino FJ, Cai Y, Zhang X, Somlo S, Germino GG (1997). "PKD1 interacts with PKD2 through a probable coiled-coil domain". Nat Genet. 16 (2): 179–83. doi:10.1038/ng0697-179. PMID 9171830.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Chapman AB (2007). "Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: time for a change?". J Am Soc Nephrol. 18 (5): 1399–407. doi:10.1681/ASN.2007020155. PMID 17429048.
  5. Nauli SM, Alenghat FJ, Luo Y, Williams E, Vassilev P, Li X; et al. (2003). "Polycystins 1 and 2 mediate mechanosensation in the primary cilium of kidney cells". Nat Genet. 33 (2): 129–37. doi:10.1038/ng1076. PMID 12514735‎ Check |pmid= value (help).
  6. Belibi FA, Reif G, Wallace DP, Yamaguchi T, Olsen L, Li H; et al. (2004). "Cyclic AMP promotes growth and secretion in human polycystic kidney epithelial cells". Kidney Int. 66 (3): 964–73. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00843.x. PMID 15327388.
  7. Shillingford JM, Murcia NS, Larson CH, Low SH, Hedgepeth R, Brown N; et al. (2006). "The mTOR pathway is regulated by polycystin-1, and its inhibition reverses renal cystogenesis in polycystic kidney disease". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103 (14): 5466–71. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509694103. PMC 1459378. PMID 16567633‎ Check |pmid= value (help).
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Ward CJ, Hogan MC, Rossetti S, Walker D, Sneddon T, Wang X, Kubly V, Cunningham JM, Bacallao R, Ishibashi M, Milliner DS, Torres VE, Harris PC (March 2002). "The gene mutated in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease encodes a large, receptor-like protein". Nat. Genet. 30 (3): 259–69. doi:10.1038/ng833. PMID 11919560.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Onuchic LF, Furu L, Nagasawa Y, Hou X, Eggermann T, Ren Z, Bergmann C, Senderek J, Esquivel E, Zeltner R, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Mrug M, Sweeney W, Avner ED, Zerres K, Guay-Woodford LM, Somlo S, Germino GG (May 2002). "PKHD1, the polycystic kidney and hepatic disease 1 gene, encodes a novel large protein containing multiple immunoglobulin-like plexin-transcription-factor domains and parallel beta-helix 1 repeats". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 70 (5): 1305–17. doi:10.1086/340448. PMC 447605. PMID 11898128.
  10. Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean L, Stephens K, Amemiya A, Sweeney WE, Avner ED. PMID 20301501. Vancouver style error: initials (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. Sweeney WE, Avner ED (December 2006). "Molecular and cellular pathophysiology of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)". Cell Tissue Res. 326 (3): 671–85. doi:10.1007/s00441-006-0226-0. PMID 16767405.
  12. "The polycystic kidney disease 1 gene encodes a 14 kb transcript and lies within a duplicated region on chromosome 16. The European Polycystic Kidney Disease Consortium". Cell. 77 (6): 881–94. June 1994. PMID 8004675.
  13. Mochizuki T, Wu G, Hayashi T, Xenophontos SL, Veldhuisen B, Saris JJ, Reynolds DM, Cai Y, Gabow PA, Pierides A, Kimberling WJ, Breuning MH, Deltas CC, Peters DJ, Somlo S (May 1996). "PKD2, a gene for polycystic kidney disease that encodes an integral membrane protein". Science. 272 (5266): 1339–42. PMID 8650545.
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  15. Mochizuki T, Wu G, Hayashi T, Xenophontos SL, Veldhuisen B, Saris JJ; et al. (1996). "PKD2, a gene for polycystic kidney disease that encodes an integral membrane protein". Science. 272 (5266): 1339–42. PMID 8650545‎ Check |pmid= value (help).
  16. Torra R, Badenas C, Darnell A, Nicolau C, Volpini V, Revert L; et al. (1998). "[Clinical, genetic and molecular studies on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease]". Med Clin (Barc). 110 (13): 481–7. PMID 9611728.
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  19. Torres VE, Harris PC, Pirson Y (2007). "Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease". Lancet. 369 (9569): 1287–301. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60601-1. PMID 17434405.
  20. Belz MM, Hughes RL, Kaehny WD, Johnson AM, Fick-Brosnahan GM, Earnest MP, Gabow PA (October 2001). "Familial clustering of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 38 (4): 770–6. doi:10.1053/ajkd.2001.27694. PMID 11576880.
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  22. Hossack KF, Leddy CL, Johnson AM, Schrier RW, Gabow PA (October 1988). "Echocardiographic findings in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease". N. Engl. J. Med. 319 (14): 907–12. doi:10.1056/NEJM198810063191404. PMID 3419455.
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  28. Roy S, Dillon MJ, Trompeter RS, Barratt TM (June 1997). "Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease: long-term outcome of neonatal survivors". Pediatr. Nephrol. 11 (3): 302–6. PMID 9203177.
  29. 29.0 29.1 Jahnukainen T, Kirjavainen T, Luoto T, Ylinen E, Linkosalo L, Arikoski P, Pakarinen M, Jalanko H (October 2015). "Long-term pulmonary function in children with recessive polycystic kidney disease". Arch. Dis. Child. 100 (10): 944–7. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2015-308451. PMID 26163120.
  30. Sweeney WE, Avner ED (May 2011). "Diagnosis and management of childhood polycystic kidney disease". Pediatr. Nephrol. 26 (5): 675–92. doi:10.1007/s00467-010-1656-1. PMID 21046169.
  31. Stavrou C, Koptides M, Tombazos C, Psara E, Patsias C, Zouvani I, Kyriacou K, Hildebrandt F, Christofides T, Pierides A, Deltas CC (October 2002). "Autosomal-dominant medullary cystic kidney disease type 1: clinical and molecular findings in six large Cypriot families". Kidney Int. 62 (4): 1385–94. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2002.kid581.x. PMID 12234310.
  32. Bleyer AJ, Kmoch S, Antignac C, Robins V, Kidd K, Kelsoe JR, Hladik G, Klemmer P, Knohl SJ, Scheinman SJ, Vo N, Santi A, Harris A, Canaday O, Weller N, Hulick PJ, Vogel K, Rahbari-Oskoui FF, Tuazon J, Deltas C, Somers D, Megarbane A, Kimmel PL, Sperati CJ, Orr-Urtreger A, Ben-Shachar S, Waugh DA, McGinn S, Bleyer AJ, Hodanová K, Vylet'al P, Živná M, Hart TC, Hart PS (March 2014). "Variable clinical presentation of an MUC1 mutation causing medullary cystic kidney disease type 1". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 9 (3): 527–35. doi:10.2215/CJN.06380613. PMC 3944763. PMID 24509297.
  33. Faguer S, Decramer S, Chassaing N, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Calvas P, Beaufils S, Bessenay L, Lengelé JP, Dahan K, Ronco P, Devuyst O, Chauveau D (October 2011). "Diagnosis, management, and prognosis of HNF1B nephropathy in adulthood". Kidney Int. 80 (7): 768–76. doi:10.1038/ki.2011.225. PMID 21775974.
  34. Heidet L, Decramer S, Pawtowski A, Morinière V, Bandin F, Knebelmann B, Lebre AS, Faguer S, Guigonis V, Antignac C, Salomon R (June 2010). "Spectrum of HNF1B mutations in a large cohort of patients who harbor renal diseases". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 5 (6): 1079–90. doi:10.2215/CJN.06810909. PMC 2879303. PMID 20378641.

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