Pneumopericardium

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Pneumopericardium Classification and external resources
ICD-10	I31.9, P25.3
ICD-9	770.2
MeSH	D011026

WikiDoc Resources for Pneumopericardium
Articles
Most recent articles on Pneumopericardium Most cited articles on Pneumopericardium Review articles on Pneumopericardium Articles on Pneumopericardium in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Pneumopericardium Images of Pneumopericardium Photos of Pneumopericardium Podcasts & MP3s on Pneumopericardium Videos on Pneumopericardium
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Pneumopericardium Bandolier on Pneumopericardium TRIP on Pneumopericardium
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Pneumopericardium at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Pneumopericardium Clinical Trials on Pneumopericardium at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Pneumopericardium NICE Guidance on Pneumopericardium NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Pneumopericardium CDC on Pneumopericardium
Books
Books on Pneumopericardium
News
Pneumopericardium in the news Be alerted to news on Pneumopericardium News trends on Pneumopericardium
Commentary
Blogs on Pneumopericardium
Definitions
Definitions of Pneumopericardium
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Pneumopericardium Discussion groups on Pneumopericardium Patient Handouts on Pneumopericardium Directions to Hospitals Treating Pneumopericardium Risk calculators and risk factors for Pneumopericardium
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Pneumopericardium Causes & Risk Factors for Pneumopericardium Diagnostic studies for Pneumopericardium Treatment of Pneumopericardium
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Pneumopericardium
International
Pneumopericardium en Espanol Pneumopericardium en Francais
Businness
Pneumopericardium in the Marketplace Patents on Pneumopericardium
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Pneumopericardium

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Overview

Pneumopericardium is a medical condition where air enters the pericardial cavity and a well-recognized clinical and radiologic entity.

Differential Diagnosis of Underlying Causes

• Congenital diseases
• Surgery
• Penetrating trauma
• Blunt trauma (rare)
• Infectious pericarditis with gas-producing organisms
• Fistula formation between the pericardium and an adjacent air-containing organ (i.e. stomach or esophagus))

Diagnosis

Chest X-Ray

• The heart partially or completely surrounded by air, with the pericardium sharply outlined by air density on either side.
• Pneumopericardium can usually be distinguished from pneumomediastinum, since air in the pericardial sac should not rise above the anatomic limits of the pericardial reflexion on the proximal great vascular pedicle. Also on radiographs obtained with the patient in the decubitus position, air in the pericardial sac will shift immediately, while air in the mediastinum will not shift in a short interval between films.
• Occasionally, it may not be possible to distinguish pneumopenicardium from pneumomediastinum on plain film.

Examples

See Also

• Pneumomediastinum
• Pneumothorax
• Hamman's sign

External Links

• Goldminer: Pneumopericardium
• Norman/Georgetown thoraxlesson4
• http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/thoracicsurgeryvolII/chapter2figure19.jpg

v • d • e Circulatory system pathology (I, 390-459)
Hypertension	Hypertensive heart disease - Hypertensive nephropathy - Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension)
Ischaemic heart disease	Angina pectoris (Prinzmetal's angina) - Myocardial infarction (heart attack) - Dressler's syndrome
Pulmonary circulation	Pulmonary embolism - Cor pulmonale
Pericardium	Pericarditis - Pericardial effusion - Cardiac tamponade
Endocardium/heart valves	Endocarditis - mitral valve (regurgitation, prolapse, stenosis) - aortic valve (stenosis, insufficiency) - pulmonary valve (stenosis, insufficiency) - tricuspid valve (stenosis, insufficiency)
Myocardium	Myocarditis - Cardiomyopathy (Dilated cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Loeffler endocarditis, Restrictive cardiomyopathy) - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
Electrical conduction system of the heart	Heart block: AV block (First degree, Second degree, Third degree) - Bundle branch block (Left, Right) - Bifascicular block - Trifascicular block Pre-excitation syndrome (Wolff-Parkinson-White, Lown-Ganong-Levine) - Long QT syndrome - Adams-Stokes syndrome - Cardiac arrest - Sudden cardiac death Arrhythmia: Paroxysmal tachycardia (Supraventricular, AV nodal reentrant, Ventricular) - Atrial flutter - Atrial fibrillation (Familial) - Ventricular fibrillation - Premature contraction (Atrial, Ventricular) - Ectopic pacemaker - Sick sinus syndrome
Other heart conditions	Heart failure - Cardiovascular disease - Cardiomegaly - Ventricular hypertrophy (Left, Right)
Cerebrovascular diseases	Stroke - Transient ischemic attack - Intracranial hemorrhage/cerebral hemorrhage: Extra-axial hemorrhage (Epidural hemorrhage, Subdural hemorrhage, Subarachnoid hemorrhage) Intra-axial hematoma (Intraventricular hemorrhages, Intraparenchymal hemorrhage) - Anterior spinal artery syndrome - Binswanger's disease - Moyamoya disease
Arteries, arterioles and capillaries	Atherosclerosis (Renal artery stenosis) - Aortic dissection/Aortic aneurysm (Abdominal aortic aneurysm) - Aneurysm - Raynaud's phenomenon/Raynaud's disease - Buerger's disease - Vasculitis/Arteritis (Aortitis) - Intermittent claudication - Arteriovenous fistula - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia - Spider angioma - Dissection (Carotid artery, Vertebral artery)
Veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes	Thrombosis/Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis (Deep vein thrombosis, May-Thurner syndrome, Portal vein thrombosis, Venous thrombosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Renal vein thrombosis, Paget-Schroetter disease) - Varicose veins / Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid, Esophageal varices, Varicocele, Gastric varices, Caput medusae) - Superior vena cava syndrome - Lymph (Lymphadenitis, Lymphedema, Lymphangitis)
Other	Hypotension (Orthostatic hypotension) - Rheumatic fever
See also congenital (Q20-Q28, 745-747)

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Pneumopericardium
Articles on Pneumopericardium	Most recent articles on Pneumopericardium • Most cited articles on Pneumopericardium • Review articles on Pneumopericardium • Articles on Pneumopericardium in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Pneumopericardium	Powerpoint slides on Pneumopericardium • Images of Pneumopericardium • Photos of Pneumopericardium • Podcasts & MP3s on Pneumopericardium • Videos on Pneumopericardium
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Pneumopericardium	Cochrane Collaboration on Pneumopericardium • Bandolier on Pneumopericardium • TRIP on Pneumopericardium
Cost Effectiveness of Pneumopericardium	Cost Effectiveness of Pneumopericardium
Clinical Trials Involving Pneumopericardium	Ongoing Trials on Pneumopericardium at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Pneumopericardium • Clinical Trials on Pneumopericardium at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Pneumopericardium	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Pneumopericardium • NICE Guidance on Pneumopericardium • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Pneumopericardium • CDC on Pneumopericardium
Textbook Information on Pneumopericardium	Books and Textbook Information on Pneumopericardium
Pharmacology Resources on Pneumopericardium	Dosing of Pneumopericardium • Drug interactions with Pneumopericardium • Side effects of Pneumopericardium • Allergic reactions to Pneumopericardium • Overdose information on Pneumopericardium • Carcinogenicity information on Pneumopericardium • Pneumopericardium in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Pneumopericardium •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Pneumopericardium	Genetics of Pneumopericardium • Pharmacogenomics of Pneumopericardium • Proteomics of Pneumopericardium
Newstories on Pneumopericardium	Pneumopericardium in the news • Be alerted to news on Pneumopericardium • News trends on Pneumopericardium
Commentary on Pneumopericardium	Blogs on Pneumopericardium
Patient Resources on Pneumopericardium	Patient resources on Pneumopericardium • Discussion groups on Pneumopericardium • Patient Handouts on Pneumopericardium • Directions to Hospitals Treating Pneumopericardium • Risk calculators and risk factors for Pneumopericardium
Healthcare Provider Resources on Pneumopericardium	Symptoms of Pneumopericardium • Causes & Risk Factors for Pneumopericardium • Diagnostic studies for Pneumopericardium • Treatment of Pneumopericardium
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Pneumopericardium	CME Programs on Pneumopericardium
International Resources on Pneumopericardium	Pneumopericardium en Espanol • Pneumopericardium en Francais
Business Resources on Pneumopericardium	Pneumopericardium in the Marketplace • Patents on Pneumopericardium
Informatics Resources on Pneumopericardium	List of terms related to Pneumopericardium

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