Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
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Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (marketed as Mylotarg) is a monoclonal antibody used to treat acute myelogenous leukemia.
It is a monoclonal antibody to CD33 linked to a cytotoxic agent, calicheamicin. CD33 is expressed in most leukemic blast cells but also in normal hematopoietic cells the intensity diminishing with maturation.stem cells. When given to patients in first relapse, 15% of patients achieve a complete remission. In the United States, it was approved by the FDA for use in patients over the age of 60 with relapsed AML who are not considered candidates for standard chemotherapy.[1]
A notable complication of therapy with gemtuzumab is the increased risk of veno-occlusive disease in the absence of bone marrow transplantation.[2] The onset of VOD can also be delayed and can occur at increased frequency following bone marrow transplantation.[3]
Common side effects of administration include shivering, nausea, and fever. Serious side effects include severe myelosuppression (found in 98% of patients), disorder of the respiratory system, tumor lysis syndrome, and Immune hypersensitivity syndrome.
References
- ↑ Bross PF, Beitz J, Chen G, Chen XH, Duffy E, Kieffer L, Roy S, Sridhara R, Rahman A, Williams G, Pazdur R (2001). "Approval summary: gemtuzumab ozogamicin in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia". Clin Cancer Res. 7 (6): 1490–6. PMID 11410481.
- ↑ Giles FJ, Kantarjian HM, Kornblau SM, Thomas DA, Garcia-Manero G, Waddelow TA, David CL, Phan AT, Colburn DE, Rashid A, Estey EH (2001). "Mylotarg (gemtuzumab ozogamicin) therapy is associated with hepatic venoocclusive disease in patients who have not received stem cell transplantation". Cancer. 92 (2): 406–13. PMID 11466696.
- ↑ Wadleigh M, Richardson PG, Zahrieh D, Lee SJ, Cutler C, Ho V, Alyea EP, Antin JH, Stone RM, Soiffer RJ, DeAngelo DJ (2003). "Prior gemtuzumab ozogamicin exposure significantly increases the risk of veno-occlusive disease in patients who undergo myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation". Blood. 102 (5): 1578–82. PMID 12738663.