Cyanosis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The [[hallmark]] of  [[cyanosis]] is blue discoration of [[skin]] and [[mucous membrane]]<nowiki/>s. Obtaining the [[History and Physical examination|history]] is most important aspect because of its association with wide variety of disorders ([[Heart|cardiac]], [[Lung|pulmonary]], [[vascular]], [[Neurology|neurologic]] and [[Neuromuscular disease|neuromuscular disorders]]). [[History and Physical examination|History]] taking also provide clues to specific [[Etiology|cause]], precipitating factors and associated  [[Comorbidity|comorbid conditions]].  
The [[hallmark]] of  [[cyanosis]] is blue discoration of [[skin]] and [[mucous membrane]]<nowiki/>s. Obtaining the [[History and Physical examination|history]] is most important aspect because of its association with wide variety of disorders ([[Heart|cardiac]], [[Lung|pulmonary]], [[vascular]], [[Neurology|neurologic]] and [[Neuromuscular disease|neuromuscular disorders]]). [[History and Physical examination|History]] taking also provide clues to specific [[Etiology|causes]], precipitating factors and associated  [[Comorbidity|comorbid conditions]].


==History and Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==

Revision as of 07:43, 21 October 2020

Cyanosis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Overview

The hallmark of cyanosis is blue discoration of skin and mucous membranes. Obtaining the history is most important aspect because of its association with wide variety of disorders (cardiac, pulmonary, vascular, neurologic and neuromuscular disorders). History taking also provide clues to specific causes, precipitating factors and associated comorbid conditions.

History and Symptoms

Cyanosis is a symptom of a disease process.Obtaining history is the most important aspect of making a diagnosis of diseases associated with cyanosis. It provides insight into the cause, precipitating factors, and associated comorbidities. A complete history will help determine the correct diagnosis, therapy, and the prognosis. Specific histories including symptom onset, pre-existing lung diseases, congenital heart diseases, the presence of CNS lesions, associated symptoms, and drug usage have to be obtained.

History

Common Symptoms

For the detailed history and symptoms of diseases causing cyanosis click the links below

References

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  2. Grifka RG (April 1999). "Cyanotic congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary blood flow". Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 46 (2): 405–25. PMID 10218083.
  3. Just-Viera JO, Norwood T, Yeager GH (April 1967). "Importance of shock and cyanosis in pulmonary embolism". Ann. Surg. 165 (4): 528–35. PMC 1617449. PMID 6021453.
  4. Bellini C, Boccardo F, Campisi C, Bonioli E (October 2006). "Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 1: 43. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-43. PMC 1637094. PMID 17074089.
  5. Zoorob RJ, Campbell JS (November 2003). "Acute dyspnea in the office". Am Fam Physician. 68 (9): 1803–10. PMID 14620600.
  6. Chang YJ, Ali H, Draper A, Chua F (March 2013). "An unusual cause of cyanosis in a patient with COPD". BMJ Case Rep. 2013. doi:10.1136/bcr-2012-008092. PMC 3618735. PMID 23456158.
  7. Lee JY (June 2010). "Clinical presentations of critical cardiac defects in the newborn: Decision making and initial management". Korean J Pediatr. 53 (6): 669–79. doi:10.3345/kjp.2010.53.6.669. PMC 2994134. PMID 21189937.
  8. Hashim MJ, Guillet R (November 2002). "Common issues in the care of sick neonates". Am Fam Physician. 66 (9): 1685–92. PMID 12449267.
  9. Gozubuyuk AA, Dag H, Kacar A, Karakurt Y, Arica V (2017). "Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning in child, infant, and fetus". North Clin Istanb. 4 (1): 100–107. doi:10.14744/nci.2017.49368. PMC 5530151. PMID 28752154.
  10. Patrinos ME, Martin RJ (August 2017). "Apnea in the term infant". Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 22 (4): 240–244. doi:10.1016/j.siny.2017.04.003. PMID 28438477.
  11. Esbenshade AJ, Ho RH, Shintani A, Zhao Z, Smith LA, Friedman DL (August 2011). "Dapsone-induced methemoglobinemia: a dose-related occurrence?". Cancer. 117 (15): 3485–92. doi:10.1002/cncr.25904. PMC 3138875. PMID 21246536.
  12. Gopalachar AS, Bowie VL, Bharadwaj P (June 2005). "Phenazopyridine-induced sulfhemoglobinemia". Ann Pharmacother. 39 (6): 1128–30. doi:10.1345/aph.1E557. PMID 15886294.
  13. Nagpal BM, Sharma R (April 2004). "Cold Injuries : The Chill Within". Med J Armed Forces India. 60 (2): 165–71. doi:10.1016/S0377-1237(04)80111-4. PMC 4923033. PMID 27407612.
  14. Engelhart M, Seibold JR (June 1990). "Cyanosis and Raynaud's phenomenon: the relation to underlying disease and venous abnormalities". Angiology. 41 (6): 432–8. doi:10.1177/000331979004100603. PMID 2375536.
  15. Jensen JD, Vincent AL. PMID 28613569. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  16. Kothari SS (October 1992). "Mechanism of cyanotic spells in tetralogy of Fallot--the missing link?". Int. J. Cardiol. 37 (1): 1–5. PMID 1428277.
  17. Huh J, Kang IS, Lee HJ, Park SW (July 2010). "Clinical experience of chest pain in adults with congenital heart disease in a single tertiary center". Pediatr Cardiol. 31 (5): 620–5. doi:10.1007/s00246-010-9656-2. PMID 20143055.

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