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|IUPAC_name = 4-[bis(2-chlorethyl)amino]benzenebutanoic acid
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:For patient information, click [[Chlorambucil (patient information)|here]]
==Overview==


<!--Drug Interactions-->
'''Chlorambucil''' (marketed as '''Leukeran''' by [[GlaxoSmithKline]]) is a [[chemotherapy]] drug that has been mainly used in the treatment of [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]].  It is a [[nitrogen mustard]] [[alkylating antineoplastic agent|alkylating agent]] and can be given orally.
|drugInteractions=* Drug
:* Description


<!--Use in Specific Populations-->
In the past, it has been used for treating some types of [[lymphoma|non-Hodgkin lymphoma]], [[Waldenström macroglobulinemia]], [[polycythemia vera]], [[trophoblastic neoplasms]], [[ovarian carcinoma]].  It also has been used as an [[immunosuppressive drug]] for various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, e.g. [[nephrotic syndrome]].  Its current use is mainly for CLL as it is well tolerated by most patients, though this has been primarily replaced by [[fludarabine]].<ref>{{cite journal | author=Rai KR, Peterson BL, Appelbaum FR, Kolitz J, Elias L, Shepherd L, Hines J, Threatte GA, Larson RA, Cheson BD, Schiffer CA | title=Fludarabine compared with chlorambucil as primary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | journal=N Engl J Med | year=2000 | pages=1750-7 | volume=343 | issue=24  | id=PMID 11114313}}</ref>
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There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of {{PAGENAME}} in women who are pregnant.
==Side Effects==
|useInLaborDelivery=There is no FDA guidance on use of {{PAGENAME}} during labor and delivery.
The [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|IARC]] has found strong evidence that chlorambucil is itself a cancer agent, and listed it as such in its list 1.
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[[Myelosuppression]] ([[anemia]], [[neutropenia]], [[thrombocytopenia]]), or bone marrow suppression is the most commonly occurring side effect of chlorambucil. Withdrawn from the drug, this side effect may be reversible, but bone marrow failure can occur in rare cases.


Less commonly occurring side effects include:
* Gastrointestinal Distress ([[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], and [[oral ulcerations]]).
* [[Central Nervous System]]: Seizures, tremors, muscular twitching, confusion, agitation, [[ataxia]], and hallucinations.
* Skin reactions
* [[Hepatotoxicity]]
* Infertility


<!--Label Display Image-->
==References==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>


== External links ==
* [http://us.gsk.com/products/assets/us_leukeran.pdf Leukeran] (manufacturer's website)
* [http://www.meds-help.com/chlorambucil/ Chlorambucil] (patient information)
* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682899.html MedlinePlus's Drug Information]




{{Chemotherapeutic agents}}


[[Category:Chemotherapeutic agents]]


<!--Category-->
[[pl:Chlorambucyl]]
[[ru:Хлорамбуцил]]


[[Category:Drug]]
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Revision as of 01:24, 1 February 2015

Chlorambucil
Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Clinical data
Pregnancy
category
  • US: D (Evidence of risk)
Routes of
administration		Oral
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability?
MetabolismHepatic
Elimination half-life1.5 hours
ExcretionN/A
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
E number{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC14H19Cl2NO2
Molar mass304.212 g/mol

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For patient information, click here

Overview

Chlorambucil (marketed as Leukeran by GlaxoSmithKline) is a chemotherapy drug that has been mainly used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent and can be given orally.

In the past, it has been used for treating some types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, polycythemia vera, trophoblastic neoplasms, ovarian carcinoma. It also has been used as an immunosuppressive drug for various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions, e.g. nephrotic syndrome. Its current use is mainly for CLL as it is well tolerated by most patients, though this has been primarily replaced by fludarabine.[1]

Side Effects

The IARC has found strong evidence that chlorambucil is itself a cancer agent, and listed it as such in its list 1.

Myelosuppression (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), or bone marrow suppression is the most commonly occurring side effect of chlorambucil. Withdrawn from the drug, this side effect may be reversible, but bone marrow failure can occur in rare cases.

Less commonly occurring side effects include:

References

  1. ↑ Rai KR, Peterson BL, Appelbaum FR, Kolitz J, Elias L, Shepherd L, Hines J, Threatte GA, Larson RA, Cheson BD, Schiffer CA (2000). "Fludarabine compared with chlorambucil as primary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia". N Engl J Med. 343 (24): 1750–7. PMID 11114313.

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