Acoustic neuroma causes: Difference between revisions

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{{Acoustic neuroma}}
{{Acoustic neuroma}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==
Majority of the cases of acoustic neuroma are [[idiopathic]]. Less common causes include defect in [[tumor suppressor genes]] and high-dose ionizing [[radiation]].<ref>{{Cite web | title =Wikipedia acoustic neuroma causes| url =https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_schwannoma }}</ref>
Numerous studies show the correlation between [[Neurofibromatosis type II|Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)]] and acoustic neuroma. Other causes can include exposure to occupational noise and cellular telephone use. 
 
==Causes==
==Causes==
*The cause of acoustic neuromas is largely [[unknown]]. No environmental factor  has been scientifically proven to cause these [[tumors]], however there is a growing body of evidence that sporadic defects in [[tumor suppressor gene]]s may give rise to these tumors in some individuals. They can be [[sporadic]] or caused by an [[inherited]] condition called [[Neurofibromatosis type 2]] (NF-2). Sporadic tumors occur 95% of the time, while 5% of acoustic tumors are caused by NF-2. The cause of sporadic form is unclear. Neurofibromatosis type II occurs in individuals who have defective tumor suppressor gene located on [[chromosome]] 22q12.2. The defective [[protein]] produced by the [[gene]] is called [[merlin]] or [[schwannomin]].


*There is no evidence supporting a link between environmental factors and acoustic neuromas. Exposure to high-dose ionizing radiation is the only definite environmental risk factor associated with an increased risk of developing an acoustic neuroma.  Other studies have hinted at exposure to loud noise on a consistent basis. One study has shown a relationship between acoustic neuromas and prior exposure to head and neck radiation, and a concomitant history of having had a parathyroid adenoma (tumor found in proximity to the thyroid gland controlling calcium metabolism). There are even controversies on hand held cellular phones. Whether or not the radiofrequency radiation has anything to do with acoustic neuroma formation, remains to be seen. To date, no environmental factor (such as cell phones or diet) has been scientifically proven to cause these tumors. The Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA) does recommend that frequent cellular phone users use a hands free device to enable separation of the device from the head. The Acoustic Neuroma Association (ANA) does recommend that frequent cellular phone users use a hands free device to enable separation of the device from the head. <ref>{{Cite web | title =Wikipedia acoustic neuroma causes| url =https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibular_schwannoma }}</ref>
=== '''Neurofibromatosis type 2''' ===
* [[Genetics|Genetic]] studies have linked both sporadic and [[Neurofibromatosis type II|NF2]]-associated acoustic neuromas to a single [[gene]], the NF2 [[gene]], located on [[chromosome 22]] band q11–13.1.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bradley Welling|first=D.|date=1998|title=Clinical Manifestations of Mutations in the Neurofibrornatosis Type 2 Gene in Vestibular Schwannornas (Acoustic Neurornas)|url=|journal=The Lezyngoscope|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=SUGHRUE|first=MICHAEL E.|date=2011|title=Molecular biology of familial and sporadic vestibular schwannomas: implications for novel therapeutics|url=|journal=J Neurosurg|volume=114|pages=|via=}}</ref>


=== '''Childhood Radiation''' ===
* Exposure to radiation in childhood can lead to the development of acoustic neuroma.
* Acoustic neuroma, in this case, can occur after a long latency period.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schneider|first=Arthur B.|date=2007|title=Acoustic neuromas following childhood radiation treatment for benign conditions of the head and neck|url=|journal=Neuro-Oncoly Oxford Journal|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>


=== '''Other Causes''' ===
'''Cellular Telephone Use'''
* It is suspected that the long term use of cellular phones can also lead to the development of acoustic neuroma but this suspicion is not backed by any significant data.
'''Occupational noise exposure'''
* A small number of [[Epidemiology|epidemiologic]] studies of occupational noise exposure, based on self-report, have suggested an association with acoustic neuroma.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Preston-Martin,|first=S.|date=1989|title=Noise trauma in the aetiology of acoustic neuromas in men in Los Angeles County, 1978-1985|url=|journal=Br. J. Cancer|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>
==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 17:01, 23 April 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]Sabawoon Mirwais, M.B.B.S, M.D.[3]

Overview

Numerous studies show the correlation between Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and acoustic neuroma. Other causes can include exposure to occupational noise and cellular telephone use. 

Causes

Neurofibromatosis type 2

Childhood Radiation

  • Exposure to radiation in childhood can lead to the development of acoustic neuroma.
  • Acoustic neuroma, in this case, can occur after a long latency period.[3]

Other Causes

Cellular Telephone Use

  • It is suspected that the long term use of cellular phones can also lead to the development of acoustic neuroma but this suspicion is not backed by any significant data.

Occupational noise exposure

  • A small number of epidemiologic studies of occupational noise exposure, based on self-report, have suggested an association with acoustic neuroma.[4]

References

  1. Bradley Welling, D. (1998). "Clinical Manifestations of Mutations in the Neurofibrornatosis Type 2 Gene in Vestibular Schwannornas (Acoustic Neurornas)". The Lezyngoscope.
  2. SUGHRUE, MICHAEL E. (2011). "Molecular biology of familial and sporadic vestibular schwannomas: implications for novel therapeutics". J Neurosurg. 114.
  3. Schneider, Arthur B. (2007). "Acoustic neuromas following childhood radiation treatment for benign conditions of the head and neck". Neuro-Oncoly Oxford Journal.
  4. Preston-Martin,, S. (1989). "Noise trauma in the aetiology of acoustic neuromas in men in Los Angeles County, 1978-1985". Br. J. Cancer.

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