Sudden infant death syndrome diagnostic study of choice: Difference between revisions
(12 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} | ||
== Overview == | == Overview == | ||
There is no single diagnostic test for the [[diagnosis]] of the [[sudden infant death syndrome]] ([[SIDS]]). | There is no single [[diagnostic]] test for the [[diagnosis]] of the [[sudden infant death syndrome]] ([[SIDS]]). [[Sudden infant death syndrome|SIDS]] is mostly diagnosed with the process of elimination of the other possible causes of the death in the [[infant]]. | ||
== Diagnostic Study of Choice == | == Diagnostic Study of Choice == | ||
Line 9: | Line 9: | ||
=== Study of choice === | === Study of choice === | ||
* The big issue with [[sudden infant death syndrome]] (SIDS) is that there is no single diagnostic test for the diagnosis of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).<ref name="pmid30035964">{{cite journal| author=Duncan JR, Byard RW| title=SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future | journal= | year= 2018 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30035964 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref> | * The big issue with [[sudden infant death syndrome]] ([[Sudden infant death syndrome|SIDS]]) is that there is no single [[diagnostic]] test for the [[diagnosis]] of the [[sudden infant death syndrome]] ([[Sudden infant death syndrome|SIDS]]).<ref name="pmid30035964">{{cite journal| author=Duncan JR, Byard RW| title=SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future | journal= | year= 2018 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30035964 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref> | ||
* SIDS is mostly diagnosed with the process of elimination of the other possible causes of the death in the infant. | *[[Sudden infant death syndrome|SIDS]] is mostly diagnosed with the process of elimination of the other possible causes of the death in the [[infant]]. | ||
*Investigation of SIDS include the following:<ref name="pmid15700732">{{cite journal| author=Guffanti S, Grancini F, Scalfaro C, Podestà AF| title=[Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)]. | journal=Pediatr Med Chir | year= 2004 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 96-104 | pmid=15700732 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15700732 }}</ref><ref name="pmid30035958">{{cite journal| author=Duncan JR, Byard RW| title=SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future | journal= | year= 2018 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30035958 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref> | *Investigation of [[Sudden infant death syndrome|SIDS]] include the following:<ref name="pmid15700732">{{cite journal| author=Guffanti S, Grancini F, Scalfaro C, Podestà AF| title=[Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)]. | journal=Pediatr Med Chir | year= 2004 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 96-104 | pmid=15700732 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15700732 }}</ref><ref name="pmid30035958">{{cite journal| author=Duncan JR, Byard RW| title=SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future | journal= | year= 2018 | volume= | issue= | pages= | pmid=30035958 | doi= | pmc= | url= }}</ref> | ||
**An autopsy | **An [[autopsy]] | ||
**Scene investigation and circumstances of the death | **Scene investigation and circumstances of the death | ||
**Exploration of the [[medical history]] of the infant and family | **Exploration of the [[medical history]] of the [[infant]] and family | ||
Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTEs) may be helpful in evaluating for SIDS:<ref name="pmid15723922">{{cite journal| author=Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Hof D, Peglow UP, Traweger-Ravanelli B, Kiechl S| title=Epidemiology of apparent life threatening events. | journal=Arch Dis Child | year= 2005 | volume= 90 | issue= 3 | pages= 297-300 | pmid=15723922 | doi=10.1136/adc.2004.049452 | pmc=1720328 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15723922 }}</ref> | ==== '''Apparent Life-Threatening Events''' (ALTEs) may be helpful in evaluating for [[Sudden infant death syndrome|SIDS]]:<ref name="pmid15723922">{{cite journal| author=Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Hof D, Peglow UP, Traweger-Ravanelli B, Kiechl S| title=Epidemiology of apparent life threatening events. | journal=Arch Dis Child | year= 2005 | volume= 90 | issue= 3 | pages= 297-300 | pmid=15723922 | doi=10.1136/adc.2004.049452 | pmc=1720328 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15723922 }}</ref><ref name="pmid15325403">{{cite journal| author=Gleeson M, Clancy RL, Cox AJ, Gulliver SA, Hall ST, Cooper DM| title=Mucosal immune responses to infections in infants with acute life threatening events classified as 'near-miss' sudden infant death syndrome. | journal=FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol | year= 2004 | volume= 42 | issue= 1 | pages= 105-18 | pmid=15325403 | doi=10.1016/j.femsim.2004.06.019 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15325403 }}</ref><ref name="pmid18280841">{{cite journal| author=Esani N, Hodgman JE, Ehsani N, Hoppenbrouwers T| title=Apparent life-threatening events and sudden infant death syndrome: comparison of risk factors. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 2008 | volume= 152 | issue= 3 | pages= 365-70 | pmid=18280841 | doi=10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.07.054 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18280841 }}</ref><ref name="pmid19817255">{{cite journal| author=Wasilewska J, Kaczmarski M| title=[Modifiable risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The current guidelines for reducing the risk of SIDS]. | journal=Wiad Lek | year= 2009 | volume= 62 | issue= 1 | pages= 30-6 | pmid=19817255 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19817255 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10763531">{{cite journal| author=Poets CF| title=[Home monitoring of infants at risk of sudden infant death: suggestions for reconsideration of current practice]. | journal=Wien Klin Wochenschr | year= 2000 | volume= 112 | issue= 5 | pages= 198-203 | pmid=10763531 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10763531 }}</ref><ref name="DiMario2008">{{cite journal|last1=DiMario|first1=F. J.|title=Apparent Life-Threatening Events: So What Happens Next?|journal=PEDIATRICS|volume=122|issue=1|year=2008|pages=190–191|issn=0031-4005|doi=10.1542/peds.2008-1242}}</ref><ref name="pmid24427501">Kadivar M, Yaghmaie B, Allahverdi B, Shahbaznejad L, Razi N, Mosayebi Z (2013) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24427501 Apparent life-threatening events in neonatal period: clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges in a pediatric referral center.] ''Iran J Pediatr'' 23 (4):458-66. PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/24427501 24427501]</ref> ==== | ||
* ALTEs can be found approximately in 1 of 400 infants | * ALTEs can be found approximately in 1 of 400 infants | ||
* ALTEs incules apneic episodes along with changes in the following: | * ALTEs incules apneic episodes along with changes in the following: | ||
** Skin colour | **'''[[Skin colour]]''' changes which include: | ||
** Cyanosis | ***'''[[Cyanosis]]''' | ||
** Pallor | ***'''[[Pallor]]''' | ||
** Erythema | ***'''[[Erythema]]''' | ||
** Muscle tone | **'''[[Muscle]] tone''' either increased or decreased | ||
** Choking if suspected, evaluate by doing: | **'''[[Choking]]''' if suspected, evaluate by doing: | ||
***Barium studies | ***[[Barium|Barium studies]] | ||
***Observation | ***Observation | ||
** Gasping | ** Gasping | ||
** Anemia if suspected, evaluate by doing CBC | **'''[[Anemia]]''' if suspected, evaluate by doing [[complete blood count]] ([[Complete blood count|CBC]]) | ||
** Apnea if suspected, evaluate by doing: | **'''[[Apnea]]''' if suspected, evaluate by doing: | ||
*** Continuous pulse oximetry | *** Continuous [[pulse oximetry]] | ||
*** Sleep study | *** Sleep study | ||
**Long QT syndrome if suspected, evaluate by doing | **'''[[Long QT syndrome]]''' if suspected, evaluate by doing [[electrocardiography]] ([[The electrocardiogram|ECG]]) | ||
**If suspected any upper respiratory problems like bronchiolitis, pertussis, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) do the following to confirm: | **If suspected any '''[[Upper respiratory tract|upper respiratory]] problems''' like [[bronchiolitis]], [[pertussis]], or [[respiratory syncytial virus]] ([[RSV]]) do the following to confirm: | ||
***Chest radiography | ***[[Chest radiography]] | ||
***Pulse oximetry | ***[[Pulse oximetry]] | ||
***Respiratory syncytial virus | ***[[Respiratory syncytial virus]] | ||
***Pertussis culture | ***[[Pertussis]] culture | ||
**Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) if suspected, evaluate by doing: | **'''[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]''' ([[Gastroesophageal reflux disease|GERD]]) if suspected, evaluate by doing: | ||
***Barium studies | ***[[Barium]] studies | ||
***Radioisotope scan | ***[[Radioisotope scan|Radioisotope]] scan | ||
**'''[[Infection]]''' if suspected, evaluate by doing: | |||
***Blood gas analysis (BGA) | |||
***Blood [[lactate]] level | |||
***[[Complete blood count]] ([[Complete blood count|CBC]]) | |||
***[[Chest X-ray|Chest x-ray]] | |||
***[[Lumbar puncture]] ([[LP]]) with [[cerebrospinal fluid]] analysis ([[CSF]]) | |||
***[[Electrolyte disturbance|Serum electrolytes]] | |||
***[[Urinalysis]] | |||
<br /> | |||
==References== | ==References== |
Latest revision as of 13:27, 28 May 2020
Sudden infant death syndrome Microchapters |
Differentiating Sudden infant death syndrome from other Diseases |
---|
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Sudden infant death syndrome diagnostic study of choice On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Sudden infant death syndrome diagnostic study of choice |
FDA on Sudden infant death syndrome diagnostic study of choice |
CDC on Sudden infant death syndrome diagnostic study of choice |
Sudden infant death syndrome diagnostic study of choice in the news |
Blogs on Sudden infant death syndrome diagnostic study of choice |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Sudden infant death syndrome diagnostic study of choice |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
There is no single diagnostic test for the diagnosis of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). SIDS is mostly diagnosed with the process of elimination of the other possible causes of the death in the infant.
Diagnostic Study of Choice
Study of choice
- The big issue with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is that there is no single diagnostic test for the diagnosis of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).[1]
- SIDS is mostly diagnosed with the process of elimination of the other possible causes of the death in the infant.
- Investigation of SIDS include the following:[2][3]
- An autopsy
- Scene investigation and circumstances of the death
- Exploration of the medical history of the infant and family
Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTEs) may be helpful in evaluating for SIDS:[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
- ALTEs can be found approximately in 1 of 400 infants
- ALTEs incules apneic episodes along with changes in the following:
- Skin colour changes which include:
- Muscle tone either increased or decreased
- Choking if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Barium studies
- Observation
- Gasping
- Anemia if suspected, evaluate by doing complete blood count (CBC)
- Apnea if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Continuous pulse oximetry
- Sleep study
- Long QT syndrome if suspected, evaluate by doing electrocardiography (ECG)
- If suspected any upper respiratory problems like bronchiolitis, pertussis, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) do the following to confirm:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Barium studies
- Radioisotope scan
- Infection if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Blood gas analysis (BGA)
- Blood lactate level
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Chest x-ray
- Lumbar puncture (LP) with cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)
- Serum electrolytes
- Urinalysis
References
- ↑ Duncan JR, Byard RW (2018). "SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future". PMID 30035964.
- ↑ Guffanti S, Grancini F, Scalfaro C, Podestà AF (2004). "[Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)]". Pediatr Med Chir. 26 (2): 96–104. PMID 15700732.
- ↑ Duncan JR, Byard RW (2018). "SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future". PMID 30035958.
- ↑ Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Hof D, Peglow UP, Traweger-Ravanelli B, Kiechl S (2005). "Epidemiology of apparent life threatening events". Arch Dis Child. 90 (3): 297–300. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.049452. PMC 1720328. PMID 15723922.
- ↑ Gleeson M, Clancy RL, Cox AJ, Gulliver SA, Hall ST, Cooper DM (2004). "Mucosal immune responses to infections in infants with acute life threatening events classified as 'near-miss' sudden infant death syndrome". FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 42 (1): 105–18. doi:10.1016/j.femsim.2004.06.019. PMID 15325403.
- ↑ Esani N, Hodgman JE, Ehsani N, Hoppenbrouwers T (2008). "Apparent life-threatening events and sudden infant death syndrome: comparison of risk factors". J Pediatr. 152 (3): 365–70. doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2007.07.054. PMID 18280841.
- ↑ Wasilewska J, Kaczmarski M (2009). "[Modifiable risk factors of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The current guidelines for reducing the risk of SIDS]". Wiad Lek. 62 (1): 30–6. PMID 19817255.
- ↑ Poets CF (2000). "[Home monitoring of infants at risk of sudden infant death: suggestions for reconsideration of current practice]". Wien Klin Wochenschr. 112 (5): 198–203. PMID 10763531.
- ↑ DiMario, F. J. (2008). "Apparent Life-Threatening Events: So What Happens Next?". PEDIATRICS. 122 (1): 190–191. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-1242. ISSN 0031-4005.
- ↑ Kadivar M, Yaghmaie B, Allahverdi B, Shahbaznejad L, Razi N, Mosayebi Z (2013) Apparent life-threatening events in neonatal period: clinical manifestations and diagnostic challenges in a pediatric referral center. Iran J Pediatr 23 (4):458-66. PMID: 24427501