Rhabdomyolysis causes: Difference between revisions

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=== Causes by Alphabetical Order ===


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 14:22, 22 November 2016

Rhabdomyolysis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Rhabdomyolysis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

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Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Venkata Sivakrishna Kumar Pulivarthi M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

The aetiological spectrum of rhabdomyolysis is extensive in many cases, multiple muscle insults are usually needed to produce rhabdomyolysis unless an underlying myopathy is present. The most common causes of rhabdomyolysis in adults are illicit drugs, alcohol abuse, medication, muscle diseases, trauma, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), seizures and immobility, Whereas in paediatric patients, the most common causes are viral myositis, trauma, connective tissue disorders, exercise, and drug overdose.[1]

Causes

Life-Threatening Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Pathophysiology

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rhadomyolysis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Traumatic or Muscle Compression
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non - Traumatic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Traumatic
Exertional
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Traumatic
Non-Exertional
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non - Traumatic Exertional Rhadomyolysis in a Normal Muscle
 
 
 
 
 
Non - Traumatic Exertional Rhadomyolysis in an Abnormal Muscle
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Crush injury
Coma
Post ictal state
Post - Operative Surgical trauma
Electrical Injury
Compartment Syndrome
Immobilizaion
 
Exertional Heat Stroke
Sickle cell trait
Hyperkinetic States Such as
* Grand mal Seizures
* Delirium tremens
* Psychotic agitation
* Amphetamine Overdose
 
 
Metabolic myopathies
Mitochondrial myopathies
Malignant hyperthermia
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
 
 
 
❑ Drugs and toxins
Infections
Electrolyte abnormalities
Endocrinopathies
Inflammatory myopathies
❑ Miscellaneous
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Traumatic Exertional Rhabdomyolysis in an Abnormal Muscle
Metabolic myopathies Mitochondrial myopathies Malignant hyperthermia Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Disorders of glycogenolysis

Disorders of glycolysis

Disorders of lipid metabolism

Disorders of purine metabolism

Other defects

Volatile anesthetic agent

Depolarising Neuro-Muscular Blocker

Neuroleptics

Antiemetic agents

Anti Parkison drug withdrawl


Non-Traumatic Non-Exertional Causes
Infections
Viral infections :
Adenovirus, Coxsackievirus, Cytomegalovirus, Echovirus , Epstein-Barr , Herpes simplex, Human immunodeficiency virus, Influenza A and B, Parainfluenza
Bacterial infections :
Bacterial pyomyositis, Coxiella burnetii(Q fever), E. coli, Ehrlichiosis,Falciparum malaria, Legionella, Leptospirosis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Salmonella, Staphylococcal infection, Streptococcus, Tularemia
Electrolyte abnormalities
Hypokalemia, Hypophosphatemia
Endocrinopathies
Hypothyroidism, Diabetic ketoacidosis , Non-ketotic hyperglycemia
Inflammatory myopathies
Dermatomyositis, Polymyositis
Miscellaneous
Alcoholism, Baclofen withdrawl, Capillary leak syndrome, Status asthmaticus

Causes by Alphabetical Order

References

  1. Khan FY (2009) Rhabdomyolysis: a review of the literature. Neth J Med 67 (9):272-83. PMID: 19841484

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