Vomiting in children

Jump to navigation Jump to search

WikiDoc Resources for Vomiting in children

Articles

Most recent articles on Vomiting in children

Most cited articles on Vomiting in children

Review articles on Vomiting in children

Articles on Vomiting in children in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Vomiting in children

Images of Vomiting in children

Photos of Vomiting in children

Podcasts & MP3s on Vomiting in children

Videos on Vomiting in children

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Vomiting in children

Bandolier on Vomiting in children

TRIP on Vomiting in children

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Vomiting in children at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Vomiting in children

Clinical Trials on Vomiting in children at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Vomiting in children

NICE Guidance on Vomiting in children

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Vomiting in children

CDC on Vomiting in children

Books

Books on Vomiting in children

News

Vomiting in children in the news

Be alerted to news on Vomiting in children

News trends on Vomiting in children

Commentary

Blogs on Vomiting in children

Definitions

Definitions of Vomiting in children

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Vomiting in children

Discussion groups on Vomiting in children

Patient Handouts on Vomiting in children

Directions to Hospitals Treating Vomiting in children

Risk calculators and risk factors for Vomiting in children

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Vomiting in children

Causes & Risk Factors for Vomiting in children

Diagnostic studies for Vomiting in children

Treatment of Vomiting in children

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Vomiting in children

International

Vomiting in children en Espanol

Vomiting in children en Francais

Business

Vomiting in children in the Marketplace

Patents on Vomiting in children

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Vomiting in children

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adenike Eketunde

Synonyms and keywords: Vomiting in kids

Overview

Vomiting in children is common and can range from a benign condition to a life-threatening condition. Most cases of vomiting are gastrointestinal in origin, most commonly gastroesophageal reflux disease and gastroenteritis. Vomiting, also known as emesis, is the oral expulsion of gastrointestinal content from the mouth due to the gut and thoracoabdominal wall muscles' contraction. At the same time, nausea refers to the need to vomit. Retching is used to describe the muscular event of vomiting with the expulsion of vomitus.

Historical Perspective

There is limited information about the historical perspective of vomiting in children.

Classification

Vomiting in children may be classified according to the content of vomitus, motion, and duration into:

Pathophysiology

Causes

Common causes of vomiting in children include:

Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases

Vomiting in children must be differentiated from other diseases that cause vomiting in children such as cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) [7], gastrointestinal disease (obstructive and inflammatory) [8], central nervous system (CNS) disease, pulmonary disease, renal disease, endocrine/metabolic disorders, drugs (either as side effects or in Overdose), or psychiatric disorders.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Vomiting in children is very common and there are no racial, gender, age, or race predispstions to vomiting in children.

Risk Factors

There are no established risk factors for vomiting in children.

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

  • The diagnosis of vomiting in children is made with both medical history and physical examination.

Symptoms

  • Symptoms of vomiting in children include the following:

Physical Examination

  • Physical examination may be remarkable for signs of dehydration:

Laboratory Findings

  • There are no specific laboratory findings associated with vomiting in children. However, blood and urine tests are helpful in diagnosis to check for infection and kidney function.

Electrocardiogram

There are no ECG findings associated with vomiting in children.

X-ray

There are no x-ray findings associated with vomiting in children.

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

There are no echocardiography/ultrasound findings associated with vomiting in children.

CT scan

There are no CT scan findings associated with vomiting in children.

MRI

There are no MRI findings associated with vomiting in children.

Other Imaging Findings

There are no other imaging findings associated with vomiting in children.

Other Diagnostic Studies

  • There are no other imaging findings associated with vomiting in children.

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

  • Surgical intervention is not recommended for the management of vomiting in children.

Prevention

  • There are no primary preventive measures available for vomiting in children.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Andrade, Gabriela Bonente Herculano de; Marin, Barbara Said; Medeiros, Daniela Nasu Monteiro; Yamanari, Mauricio Gustavo Ieiri; Troster, Eduardo Juan (2020). "Vomiting in newborns as a result of a duodenal membrane: two case reports". Einstein (São Paulo). 18. doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2020RC4641. ISSN 1679-4508.
  2. Galea R, Said E (2018). "Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis: An Epidemiological Review". Neonatal Netw. 37 (4): 197–204. doi:10.1891/0730-0832.37.4.197. PMID 30567916.
  3. Tomasik E, Ziółkowska E, Kołodziej M, Szajewska H (2016). "Systematic review with meta-analysis: ondansetron for vomiting in children with acute gastroenteritis". Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 44 (5): 438–46. doi:10.1111/apt.13728. PMID 27401959.
  4. Becker DE (2010). "Nausea, vomiting, and hiccups: a review of mechanisms and treatment". Anesth Prog. 57 (4): 150–6, quiz 157. doi:10.2344/0003-3006-57.4.150. PMC 3006663. PMID 21174569.
  5. Andrade GBH, Marin BS, Medeiros DNM, Yamanari MGI, Troster EJ (2020). "Vomiting in newborns as a result of a duodenal membrane: two case reports". Einstein (Sao Paulo). 18: eRC4641. doi:10.31744/einstein_journal/2020RC4641. PMC 7687917 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 33263676 Check |pmid= value (help).
  6. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/symptoms-in-infants-and-children/nausea-and-vomiting-in-infants-and-children
  7. Raucci U, Borrelli O, Di Nardo G, Tambucci R, Pavone P, Salvatore S; et al. (2020). "Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Children". Front Neurol. 11: 583425. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.583425. PMC 7667239 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 33224097 Check |pmid= value (help).
  8. Sullivan PB (2008). "Gastrointestinal disorders in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities". Dev Disabil Res Rev. 14 (2): 128–36. doi:10.1002/ddrr.18. PMID 18646021.
  9. Reust CE, Williams A (2016). "Acute Abdominal Pain in Children". Am Fam Physician. 93 (10): 830–6. PMID 27175718.
  10. Hoxha T, Xhelili L, Azemi M, Avdiu M, Ismaili-Jaha V, Efendija-Beqa U; et al. (2015). "Performance of clinical signs in the diagnosis of dehydration in children with acute gastroenteritis". Med Arch. 69 (1): 10–2. doi:10.5455/medarh.2015.69.10-12. PMC 4384849. PMID 25870468.
  11. Carter B, Seupaul RA (2012). "Update: antiemetics for vomiting associated with acute gastroenteritis in children". Ann Emerg Med. 60 (3): e5–6. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.01.031. PMID 22424648.
  12. Singhi SC, Shah R, Bansal A, Jayashree M (2013). "Management of a child with vomiting". Indian J Pediatr. 80 (4): 318–25. doi:10.1007/s12098-012-0959-6. PMID 23340985.
  13. Roslund G, Hepps TS, McQuillen KK (2008). "The role of oral ondansetron in children with vomiting as a result of acute gastritis/gastroenteritis who have failed oral rehydration therapy: a randomized controlled trial". Ann Emerg Med. 52 (1): 22–29.e6. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.09.010. PMID 18006189. Review in: Evid Based Med. 2009 Apr;14(2):44
  14. Lau Moon Lin M, Robinson PD, Flank J, Sung L, Dupuis LL (2016). "The Safety of Metoclopramide in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Drug Saf. 39 (7): 675–87. doi:10.1007/s40264-016-0418-9. PMID 27003816.