Stomatitis classification: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Bot: Removing from Primary care)
 
(39 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Stomatitis}}
{{Stomatitis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SaraM}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SaraM}}, {{USAMA}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
There is no known classification of stomatitis. Stomatitis can be classified on the basis of aetiology and on the basis of the pathogens involved.<ref name="pmid10668310">{{cite journal| author=Murray LN, Amedee RG| title=Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. | journal=J La State Med Soc | year= 2000 | volume= 152 | issue= 1 | pages= 10-4 | pmid=10668310 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10668310  }} </ref><ref name="Gangrenous stomatitis">{{cite book |last1=Mandell |firs1t=Gerald |last2=Gouglas |first2=Gordon |last3=Bennett |first3=John |date= |title=Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases |location= Harvard Medical School |publisher=WILEY MEDICAL |page=383 |isbn=0-471-87643-7}}​</ref>
There is no established classification system for stomatitis. Stomatitis can be classified on the basis of etiology and on the basis of the pathogens involved.<ref name="pmid10668310">{{cite journal| author=Murray LN, Amedee RG| title=Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. | journal=J La State Med Soc | year= 2000 | volume= 152 | issue= 1 | pages= 10-4 | pmid=10668310 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10668310  }} </ref><ref name="Gangrenous stomatitis">{{cite book |last1=Mandell |firs1t=Gerald |last2=Gouglas |first2=Gordon |last3=Bennett |first3=John |date= |title=Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases |location= Harvard Medical School |publisher=WILEY MEDICAL |page=383 |isbn=0-471-87643-7}}​</ref>


==Classification==
==Classification==
According to the etiology, stomatitis may be classified into:<ref name="pmid10668310">{{cite journal| author=Murray LN, Amedee RG| title=Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. | journal=J La State Med Soc | year= 2000 | volume= 152 | issue= 1 | pages= 10-4 | pmid=10668310 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10668310  }} </ref><ref name="Gangrenous stomatitis">{{cite book |last1=Mandell |firs1t=Gerald |last2=Gouglas |first2=Gordon |last3=Bennett |first3=John |date= |title=Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases |location= Harvard Medical School |publisher=WILEY MEDICAL |page=383 |isbn=0-471-87643-7}}​</ref>
According to the etiology, stomatitis may be classified into:<ref name="pmid10668310">{{cite journal| author=Murray LN, Amedee RG| title=Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. | journal=J La State Med Soc | year= 2000 | volume= 152 | issue= 1 | pages= 10-4 | pmid=10668310 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10668310  }} </ref><ref name="Gangrenous stomatitis">{{cite book |last1=Mandell |firs1t=Gerald |last2=Gouglas |first2=Gordon |last3=Bennett |first3=John |date= |title=Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases |location= Harvard Medical School |publisher=WILEY MEDICAL |page=383 |isbn=0-471-87643-7}}​</ref><ref name="pmid28232964">{{cite journal| author=Zhou PR, Hua H, Liu XS| title=Quantity of Candida Colonies in Saliva: 
A Diagnostic Evaluation for Oral Candidiasis. | journal=Chin J Dent Res | year= 2017 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 27-32 | pmid=28232964 | doi=10.3290/j.cjdr.a37739 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28232964  }} </ref><ref>{{Cite journal
 
{{familytree/start}}
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | A01| | | | | | | | | | | |A01='''[[Stomatitis]]'''}}
{{familytree | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | B02 |B01='''[[Infectious]]'''|B02='''Non-Infectious'''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|^|-|-|.| | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|-|v|-|-|-|-|.}}
{{familytree | C01 | | | | C02 | | | | | | | C03 | | | | C04 | | | | C05 |C01='''Self limiting'''|C02='''Treatment requiring'''|C03='''Autoimmune'''|C04='''Drug induced'''|C05='''Irritant induced'''}}
{{familytree/end}}
 
'''Infectious Stomatitis'''
 
*[[Herpetic gingivostomatitis]]
*[[Necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis]] or [[gangrenous stomatitis|stomatitis gangrenosa]](NOMA)<ref name="pmid26235765">{{cite journal| author=Zwetyenga N, See LA, Szwebel J, Beuste M, Aragou M, Oeuvrard C et al.| title=[Noma]. | journal=Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac Chir Orale | year= 2015 | volume= 116 | issue= 4 | pages= 261-79 | pmid=26235765 | doi=10.1016/j.revsto.2015.06.009 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26235765  }} </ref>
*Vesicular stomatitis
*Vincent's stomatitis (Trench Mouth)
*[[Hand-foot-and-mouth disease|Enteroviral vesicular stomatitis with exanthem]]<ref name="pmid14492892">{{cite journal| author=ROBINSON CR, RHODES AJ| title=Vesicular exanthem and stomatitis. Report of an epidemic due to Coxsacke virus Group A, Type 16. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1961 | volume= 265 | issue=  | pages= 1104-5 | pmid=14492892 | doi=10.1056/NEJM196111302652207 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14492892  }} </ref>
*Candidal stomatitis<ref name="pmid28232964">{{cite journal| author=Zhou PR, Hua H, Liu XS| title=Quantity of Candida Colonies in Saliva: 
A Diagnostic Evaluation for Oral Candidiasis. | journal=Chin J Dent Res | year= 2017 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 27-32 | pmid=28232964 | doi=10.3290/j.cjdr.a37739 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28232964  }} </ref>
*[[Bovine papular stomatitis]]<ref name="pmid27751948">{{cite journal| author=Kurosaki Y, Okada S, Nakamae S, Yasuda J| title=A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and sensitive detection of bovine papular stomatitis virus. | journal=J Virol Methods | year= 2016 | volume= 238 | issue=  | pages= 42-47 | pmid=27751948 | doi=10.1016/j.jviromet.2016.07.031 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27751948  }} </ref>
 
'''Non-Infectious Causes'''
 
*[[Aphthous stomatitis]]
**Major aphthous stomatitis
***This type can last unto a few months and involves tonsils and the soft palate as well. It can subset for long intervals and then re appear.
**Minor aphthous stomatitis
***This is the characteristic form of aphthous stomatitis and is characterised by yellow-grey, painful minute ulcers in the anterior ora cavity in the buccal and oral mucosa with raised margins. They can last from a few days upto 2 weeks
**Herpetiform stomatitis
***These are multiple in number and effect the tongue at the lateral part and the tip. Ulcers are grey and very painful and are often accompanied by inability to eat. Intra nuclear inclusions can be found in the ulcers
*[[angular cheilitis|Angular stomatitis]]
*Denture stomatitis
*Ulcerative or Chronic ulcerative stomatitis<ref name="pmid28113036">{{cite journal| author=Anderson JG, Peralta S, Kol A, Kass PH, Murphy B| title=Clinical and Histopathologic Characterization of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis. | journal=Vet Pathol | year= 2017 | volume=  | issue=  | pages= 300985816688754 | pmid=28113036 | doi=10.1177/0300985816688754 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28113036  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27957282">{{cite journal| author=Katsoulas N, Chrysomali E, Piperi E, Levidou G, Sklavounou-Andrikopoulou A| title=Atypical methotrexate ulcerative stomatitis with features of lymphoproliferative like disorder: Report of a rare ciprofloxacin-induced case and review of the literature. | journal=J Clin Exp Dent | year= 2016 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= e629-e633 | pmid=27957282 | doi=10.4317/jced.52909 | pmc=5149103 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27957282  }} </ref>
*Contact stomatitis<ref>{{Cite journal
  | author = [[A. Tosti]], [[B. M. Piraccini]] & [[A. M. Peluso]]
  | author = [[A. Tosti]], [[B. M. Piraccini]] & [[A. M. Peluso]]
  | title = Contact and irritant stomatitis
  | title = Contact and irritant stomatitis
Line 49: Line 17:
  | month = December
  | month = December
  | pmid = 9421224
  | pmid = 9421224
}}</ref>
}}</ref><ref name="pmid12517366">{{cite journal| author=Assimakopoulos D, Patrikakos G, Fotika C, Elisaf M| title=Benign migratory glossitis or geographic tongue: an enigmatic oral lesion. | journal=Am J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 113 | issue= 9 | pages= 751-5 | pmid=12517366 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12517366  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28153136">{{cite journal| author=Magliocca KR, Fitzpatrick SG| title=Autoimmune Disease Manifestations in the Oral Cavity. | journal=Surg Pathol Clin | year= 2017 | volume= 10 | issue= 1 | pages= 57-88 | pmid=28153136 | doi=10.1016/j.path.2016.11.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28153136  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24713996">{{cite journal| author=Pellicer Z, Santiago JM, Rodriguez A, Alonso V, Antón R, Bosca MM| title=Management of cutaneous disorders related to inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Ann Gastroenterol | year= 2012 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-26 | pmid=24713996 | doi= | pmc=3959344 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24713996  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28113036">{{cite journal| author=Anderson JG, Peralta S, Kol A, Kass PH, Murphy B| title=Clinical and Histopathologic Characterization of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis. | journal=Vet Pathol | year= 2017 | volume=  | issue=  | pages= 300985816688754 | pmid=28113036 | doi=10.1177/0300985816688754 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28113036  }} </ref><ref name="pmid27957282">{{cite journal| author=Katsoulas N, Chrysomali E, Piperi E, Levidou G, Sklavounou-Andrikopoulou A| title=Atypical methotrexate ulcerative stomatitis with features of lymphoproliferative like disorder: Report of a rare ciprofloxacin-induced case and review of the literature. | journal=J Clin Exp Dent | year= 2016 | volume= 8 | issue= 5 | pages= e629-e633 | pmid=27957282 | doi=10.4317/jced.52909 | pmc=5149103 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27957282  }} </ref>
*Migratory stomatitis or geographic stomatitis
<small>
*Nicotinic stomatitis
{{familytree/start}}
*Pyostomatitis vegetans<ref name="pmid28153136">{{cite journal| author=Magliocca KR, Fitzpatrick SG| title=Autoimmune Disease Manifestations in the Oral Cavity. | journal=Surg Pathol Clin | year= 2017 | volume= 10 | issue= 1 | pages= 57-88 | pmid=28153136 | doi=10.1016/j.path.2016.11.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28153136  }} </ref><ref name="pmid24713996">{{cite journal| author=Pellicer Z, Santiago JM, Rodriguez A, Alonso V, Antón R, Bosca MM| title=Management of cutaneous disorders related to inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=Ann Gastroenterol | year= 2012 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-26 | pmid=24713996 | doi= | pmc=3959344 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24713996  }} </ref>
{{familytree | | | | | | | | | | | | A01| | | | | | | | | | | |A01='''[[Stomatitis]]'''}}
*Chemotherapy induced stomatitis
{{familytree | | | | | |,|-|-|-|-|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| }}
{{familytree | | | | |B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | B02 |B01='''[[Infectious]]'''|B02='''Non-infectious'''}}
{{familytree | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | |,|-|-|^|-|v|-|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.}}
{{familytree | C00 | | C01 | | C02 | | | | | | | C03 | | | C04 | | | C05 | | C06 |C00='''[[Viral]]'''|C01='''[[Fungal]]'''|C02='''[[Bacterial]]'''|C03='''[[Autoimmune]]'''|C04='''[[Drug]]-induced'''|C05='''[[Irritant]] induced'''|C06='''Other [[causes]]'''}}
{{familytree | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | | | | | |!| | | | |!| | | | |!| | | |!| | | }}
{{familytree |boxstyle=text-align: left; | D00 | | D01 | | D02 | | | | | | | D03 | | | D04 | | | D05 | | D06 |D00= •[[HSV]]<br>  •[[VZV]]<br>•[[HIV]]<br>  •[[Coxsackie virus]]<br>•[[Bovine papular stomatitis virus]]<br>•[[CMV]]<br>•[[Trench mouth]] <br>|D01=•[[Candida]] stomatitis<br>•Other fungi<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;•[[Cryptococcus]]<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;  •[[Histoplasma capsulatum]]<br>  |D02=•[[Noma]]<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; •[[Treponema]]<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;  •[[Prevotella]]<br> •Other bacteria<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; •[[Bartonella]]<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;  •[[H. pylori]]<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Mycobacterium avium]]<br> |D03=• [[Aphthous stomatitis]]<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;  • Major<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;  • Minor<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; • Herpetiform<br> • [[SLE]] <br>• [[Pemphigus vulgaris]]<br> •[[Bullous pemphigoid]]<br>• [[SJS]] <br>• Pyostomatitis vegetans<br>|D04=• [[Chemotherapy]]<br>• [[Antibiotics]] <br> • [[Antihistamine]] <br>• [[Monoclonal antibodies]] <br>•[[Antirheumatic]] agents<br>• For detailed drug list click [[Stomatitis causes|'''here''']]<br> <br>|D05=• [[Denture]] stomatitis<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;  • [[Gold]]<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;  • Fitting<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; • [[Hygiene]]<br>• Contact stomatitis <br>• Nicotinic stomatitis<br>|D06=• Oral [[tumors]]<br>• Migratory stomatitis <br>• [[Black hairy tongue]] <br> •[[Burning mouth syndrome]]<br>  •[[Genetic]]<br>&nbsp;&nbsp; • Inherited [[epidermolysis bullosa]]<br>}}
{{familytree/end}}
</small>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Dermatology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
 
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 00:18, 30 July 2020

Stomatitis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Stomatitis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Stomatitis classification On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Stomatitis classification

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Stomatitis classification

CDC on Stomatitis classification

Stomatitis classification in the news

Blogs on Stomatitis classification

Directions to Hospitals Treating Bursitis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Stomatitis classification

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [3]

Overview

There is no established classification system for stomatitis. Stomatitis can be classified on the basis of etiology and on the basis of the pathogens involved.[1][2]

Classification

According to the etiology, stomatitis may be classified into:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Stomatitis
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Infectious
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-infectious
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Viral
 
Fungal
 
Bacterial
 
 
 
 
 
 
Autoimmune
 
 
Drug-induced
 
 
Irritant induced
 
Other causes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
HSV
VZV
HIV
Coxsackie virus
Bovine papular stomatitis virus
CMV
Trench mouth
 
Candida stomatitis
•Other fungi
  •Cryptococcus
   •Histoplasma capsulatum
 
Noma
   •Treponema
   •Prevotella
•Other bacteria
   •Bartonella
   •H. pylori
   • Mycobacterium avium
 
 
 
 
 
 
Aphthous stomatitis
   • Major
   • Minor
   • Herpetiform
SLE
Pemphigus vulgaris
Bullous pemphigoid
SJS
• Pyostomatitis vegetans
 
 
Chemotherapy
Antibiotics
Antihistamine
Monoclonal antibodies
Antirheumatic agents
• For detailed drug list click here

 
 
Denture stomatitis
   • Gold
   • Fitting
   • Hygiene
• Contact stomatitis
• Nicotinic stomatitis
 
• Oral tumors
• Migratory stomatitis
Black hairy tongue
Burning mouth syndrome
Genetic
   • Inherited epidermolysis bullosa

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Murray LN, Amedee RG (2000). "Recurrent aphthous stomatitis". J La State Med Soc. 152 (1): 10–4. PMID 10668310.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Mandell; Gouglas, Gordon; Bennett, John. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Harvard Medical School: WILEY MEDICAL. p. 383. ISBN 0-471-87643-7. Unknown parameter |firs1t= ignored (help)
  3. Zhou PR, Hua H, Liu XS (2017). "Quantity of Candida Colonies in Saliva: 
A Diagnostic Evaluation for Oral Candidiasis". Chin J Dent Res. 20 (1): 27–32. doi:10.3290/j.cjdr.a37739. PMID 28232964.
  4. A. Tosti, B. M. Piraccini & A. M. Peluso (1997). "Contact and irritant stomatitis". Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery. 16 (4): 314–319. PMID 9421224. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  5. Assimakopoulos D, Patrikakos G, Fotika C, Elisaf M (2002). "Benign migratory glossitis or geographic tongue: an enigmatic oral lesion". Am J Med. 113 (9): 751–5. PMID 12517366.
  6. Magliocca KR, Fitzpatrick SG (2017). "Autoimmune Disease Manifestations in the Oral Cavity". Surg Pathol Clin. 10 (1): 57–88. doi:10.1016/j.path.2016.11.001. PMID 28153136.
  7. Pellicer Z, Santiago JM, Rodriguez A, Alonso V, Antón R, Bosca MM (2012). "Management of cutaneous disorders related to inflammatory bowel disease". Ann Gastroenterol. 25 (1): 21–26. PMC 3959344. PMID 24713996.
  8. Anderson JG, Peralta S, Kol A, Kass PH, Murphy B (2017). "Clinical and Histopathologic Characterization of Canine Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis". Vet Pathol: 300985816688754. doi:10.1177/0300985816688754. PMID 28113036.
  9. Katsoulas N, Chrysomali E, Piperi E, Levidou G, Sklavounou-Andrikopoulou A (2016). "Atypical methotrexate ulcerative stomatitis with features of lymphoproliferative like disorder: Report of a rare ciprofloxacin-induced case and review of the literature". J Clin Exp Dent. 8 (5): e629–e633. doi:10.4317/jced.52909. PMC 5149103. PMID 27957282.


Template:WH Template:WS