Pheochromocytoma history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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==History and Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==
The [[signs]] and [[symptoms]] of a pheochromocytoma are those of [[sympathetic nervous system]] [[hyperactivity]], including:
The [[signs]] and [[symptoms]] of a pheochromocytoma are those of [[sympathetic nervous system]] [[hyperactivity]], including:
*[[Elevated heart rate]]
*[[Elevated blood pressure]], including paroxysmal (sporadic, episodic) high blood pressure, which sometimes can be more difficult to detect; another clue to the presence of pheochromocytoma is [[orthostatic hypotension]] (a fall in [[systolic blood pressure]] greater than 20 [[mmHg]] or a fall in [[diastolic blood pressure]] greater than 10 [[mmHg]] on making the patient stand)
*[[Palpitations]]
*[[Palpitations]]
*[[Anxiety]] often resembling that of a [[panic attack]]
*[[Anxiety]] often resembling that of a [[panic attack]]
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*[[Weight loss]]
*[[Weight loss]]
*Localized [[amyloid]] deposits found microscopically
*Localized [[amyloid]] deposits found microscopically
*Elevated blood glucose level (due primarily to catecholamine stimulation of [[lipolysis]] (breakdown of stored fat) leading to high levels of [[free fatty acids]] and the subsequent inhibition of glucose uptake by muscle cells. Further, stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors leads to glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and thus elevation of blood glucose levels).
A pheochromocytoma can also cause resistant [[arterial hypertension]]. A pheochromocytoma can be fatal if it causes [[malignant hypertension]], or severely [[high blood pressure]]. This hypertension is not well controlled with standard blood pressure medications.


Not all patients experience all of the signs and symptoms listed. The most common presentation is headache, excessive sweating, and increased heart rate, with the attack subsiding in less than one hour.  
Not all patients experience all of the signs and symptoms listed. The most common presentation is headache, excessive sweating, and increased heart rate, with the attack subsiding in less than one hour.  


Tumors may grow very large, but most are smaller than 10 cm.
Tumors may grow very large, but most are smaller than 10 cm.
===Tumor Location===
In adults, 90% tumors are located unilaterally and are solitary, and 10% are located outside the adrenal gland. In children 50% are adrenal, while 25% are bilateral and 25% are extraadrenal. The common extradrenal locations are the abdomen, thorax and urinary bladder.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 15:44, 11 September 2012

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Overview

History and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of a pheochromocytoma are those of sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity, including:

Not all patients experience all of the signs and symptoms listed. The most common presentation is headache, excessive sweating, and increased heart rate, with the attack subsiding in less than one hour.

Tumors may grow very large, but most are smaller than 10 cm.

References

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