Interleukin 10

Interleukin 10
PDB rendering based on 2H24.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: Template:Homologene2PDBe PDBe, Template:Homologene2uniprot RCSB List of PDB id codes 1ilk​, 1inr​, 1j7v​, 1lk3​, 1vlk​, 1y6k​, 1y6m​, 1y6n​, 2h24​, 2ilk​
Identifiers
Symbols	IL10 ; CSIF; IL-10; IL10A; MGC126450; MGC126451; TGIF
External IDs	Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 478
Gene ontology Molecular function Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Cellular component Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Biological process Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO Template:GNF GO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Template:GNF Ortholog box
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	n/a	n/a
Ensembl	n/a	n/a
UniProt	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (mRNA)	n/a	n/a
RefSeq (protein)	n/a	n/a
Location (UCSC)	n/a	n/a
PubMed search	n/a	n/a

Interleukin-10 (IL-10 or IL10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine.

This cytokine is produced primarily by monocytes and to a lesser extent by lymphocytes. This cytokine has pleiotropic effects in immunoregulation and inflammation. It down-regulates the expression of Th1 cytokines, MHC class II Ags, and costimulatory molecules on macrophages. It also enhances B cell survival, proliferation, and antibody production. This cytokine can block NF-κB activity, and is involved in the regulation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Knockout studies in mice suggested the function of this cytokine as an essential immunoregulator in the intestinal tract.

A study in mice has shown that interleukin-10 is also produced by mast cells, couteracting the inflammatory effect that these cells have at the site of an allergic reaction.

Function

It is capable of inhibiting synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-3, TNFα and GM-CSF made by cells such as macrophages and the Type 1 T helper cells.

IL-10 also displays potent abilities to suppress the antigen presentation capactiy of antigen presenting cells.

However, it is also stimulatory towards certain T cells, mast cells and B cells.

Expression

It is mainly expressed in monocytes and Type 2 T helper cells (T_H2), mast cells and also in a certain subset of activated T cells and B cells.

It is released by cytotoxic T-cells to inhibit the actions of NK cells during the immune response to viral infection.

Gene and Protein Structure

In humans, the IL-10 gene is located in chromosome 1 and consists of 5 exons.

The IL-10 protein is a homodimer . Each subunit is 178 amino acids long.

Further reading

• Moore KW, de Waal Malefyt R, Coffman RL, O'Garra A (2001). "Interleukin-10 and the interleukin-10 receptor". Annu. Rev. Immunol. 19: 683–765. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.19.1.683. PMID 11244051.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Girndt M (2003). "Humoral immune responses in uremia and the role of IL-10". Blood Purif. 20 (5): 485–8. PMID 12207099.
• Beebe AM, Cua DJ, de Waal Malefyt R (2003). "The role of interleukin-10 in autoimmune disease: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS)". Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13 (4–5): 403–12. PMID 12220553.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Mocellin S, Panelli MC, Wang E; et al. (2004). "The dual role of IL-10". Trends Immunol. 24 (1): 36–43. PMID 12495723.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Roncarolo MG, Battaglia M, Gregori S (2004). "The role of interleukin 10 in the control of autoimmunity". J. Autoimmun. 20 (4): 269–72. PMID 12791310.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Groux H, Cottrez F (2004). "The complex role of interleukin-10 in autoimmunity". J. Autoimmun. 20 (4): 281–5. PMID 12791313.
• Llorente L, Richaud-Patin Y (2004). "The role of interleukin-10 in systemic lupus erythematosus". J. Autoimmun. 20 (4): 287–9. PMID 12791314.
• Asadullah K, Sabat R, Friedrich M; et al. (2004). "Interleukin-10: an important immunoregulatory cytokine with major impact on psoriasis". Current drug targets. Inflammation and allergy. 3 (2): 185–92. PMID 15180472.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Stenvinkel P, Ketteler M, Johnson RJ; et al. (2005). "IL-10, IL-6, and TNF-alpha: central factors in the altered cytokine network of uremia--the good, the bad, and the ugly". Kidney Int. 67 (4): 1216–33. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00200.x. PMID 15780075.CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Copeland KF (2006). "Modulation of HIV-1 transcription by cytokines and chemokines". Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry. 5 (12): 1093–101. PMID 16375755.

External links

• Interleukin-10 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)