Bradycardia: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{Infobox_Disease | | {{Infobox_Disease | | ||
Name = Bradycardia | | Name = Bradycardia | | ||
Image = Lead II rhythm generated sinus bradycardia.JPG| | Image = Lead II rhythm generated sinus bradycardia.JPG| | ||
Revision as of 13:19, 8 July 2009
| Bradycardia | |
 | |
|---|---|
| ICD-10 | R00.1 |
| ICD-9 | 427.81, 659.7, 785.9, 779.81 |
For patient information click here
|
WikiDoc Resources for Bradycardia |
|
Articles |
|---|
|
Most recent articles on Bradycardia Most cited articles on Bradycardia |
|
Media |
|
Powerpoint slides on Bradycardia |
|
Evidence Based Medicine |
|
Clinical Trials |
|
Ongoing Trials on Bradycardia at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Bradycardia at Google
|
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Bradycardia
|
|
Books |
|
News |
|
Commentary |
|
Definitions |
|
Patient Resources / Community |
|
Patient resources on Bradycardia Discussion groups on Bradycardia Patient Handouts on Bradycardia Directions to Hospitals Treating Bradycardia Risk calculators and risk factors for Bradycardia
|
|
Healthcare Provider Resources |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Bradycardia |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
|
International |
|
|
|
Business |
|
Experimental / Informatics |
|
WikiDoc Resources for Bradycardia |
|
Articles |
|---|
|
Most recent articles on Bradycardia Most cited articles on Bradycardia |
|
Media |
|
Powerpoint slides on Bradycardia |
|
Evidence Based Medicine |
|
Clinical Trials |
|
Ongoing Trials on Bradycardia at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Bradycardia at Google
|
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Bradycardia
|
|
Books |
|
News |
|
Commentary |
|
Definitions |
|
Patient Resources / Community |
|
Patient resources on Bradycardia Discussion groups on Bradycardia Patient Handouts on Bradycardia Directions to Hospitals Treating Bradycardia Risk calculators and risk factors for Bradycardia
|
|
Healthcare Provider Resources |
|
Causes & Risk Factors for Bradycardia |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) |
|
International |
|
|
|
Business |
|
Experimental / Informatics |
| Cardiology Network |
 Discuss Bradycardia further in the WikiDoc Cardiology Network |
| Adult Congenital |
|---|
| Biomarkers |
| Cardiac Rehabilitation |
| Congestive Heart Failure |
| CT Angiography |
| Echocardiography |
| Electrophysiology |
| Cardiology General |
| Genetics |
| Health Economics |
| Hypertension |
| Interventional Cardiology |
| MRI |
| Nuclear Cardiology |
| Peripheral Arterial Disease |
| Prevention |
| Public Policy |
| Pulmonary Embolism |
| Stable Angina |
| Valvular Heart Disease |
| Vascular Medicine |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor-In-Chief: M.Umer Tariq [2]
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [3] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
Overview
Bradycardia, as applied to adult medicine, is defined as a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute, though it is seldom symptomatic until the rate drops below 50 beat/min. [1] Trained athletes tend to have slow resting heart rates, and resting bradycardia in athletes should not be considered abnormal if the individual has no symptoms associated with it.
The term relative bradycardia is used to explain a heart rate that, while not technically below 60 beats per minute, is considered too slow for the individual's current medical condition.
This cardiac arrhythmia can be underlain by several causes, which are best divided into cardiac and non-cardiac causes. Non-cardiac causes are usually secondary, and can involve drug use or abuse; metabolic or endocrine issues, especially in the thyroid; an electrolyte imbalance; neurologic factors; autonomic reflexes; situational factors such as prolonged bed rest; and autoimmunity. Cardiac causes include acute or chronic ischemic heart disease, vascular heart disease, valvular heart disease, or degenerative primary electrical disease. Ultimately, the causes act by three mechanisms: depressed automaticity of the heart, conduction block, or escape pacemakers and rhythms.
Causes
There are generally two types of problems that result in bradycardias: disorders of the sinus node, and disorders of the atrioventricular node (AV node).
With sinus node dysfunction (sometimes called sick sinus syndrome), there may be disordered automaticity or impaired conduction of the impulse from the sinus node into the surrounding atrial tissue (an "exit block"). It is difficult and sometimes impossible to assign a mechanism to any particular bradycardia, but the underlying mechanism is not clinically relevant to treatment, which is the same in both cases of sick sinus syndrome: a permanent pacemaker.
Atrioventricular conduction disturbances (aka: AV block; 1o AV block, 2o type I AV block, 2o type II AV block, 3o AV block) may result from impaired conduction in the AV node, or anywhere below it, such as in the bundle of HIS.
Patients with bradycardia have likely acquired it, as opposed to having it congenitally. Bradycardia is more common in older patients.
Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Bradycardia
(In alphabetical order)
Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Bradycardia
(By organ system)
Management
There are two main reasons for treating any cardiac arrhythmias. With bradycardia, the first is to address the associated symptoms, such as fatigue, limitations on how much an individual can physically exert, fainting (syncope), dizziness or lightheadedness, or other vague and non-specific symptoms. The other reason to treat bradycardia is if the person's ultimate outcome (prognosis) will be changed or impacted by the bradycardia. Treatment in this vein depends on whether any symptoms are present, and what the underlying cause is. Primary or idiopathic bradycardia is treated symptomatically if it is significant, and the underlying cause is treated if the bradycardia is secondary.
Treatment
Drug treatment for bradycardia is typically not indicated for patients who are asymptomatic. In symptomatic patients, underlying electrolyte or acid-base disorders or hypoxia should be corrected first. IV atropine may provide temporary improvement in symptomatic patients, although its use should be balanced by an appreciation of the increase in myocardial oxygen demand this agent causes.
Atropine 0.5-1 mg IV or ET q3-5min up to 3 mg total (0.04 mg/kg)
See also
References
- ↑ Sinus Bradycardia eMedicine
Template:Skin and subcutaneous tissue symptoms and signs Template:Nervous and musculoskeletal system symptoms and signs Template:Urinary system symptoms and signs Template:Cognition, perception, emotional state and behaviour symptoms and signs Template:Speech and voice symptoms and signs Template:General symptoms and signs
de:Bradykardie it:Bradicardia nl:Bradycardie nn:Bradykardi sk:Bradykardia sv:Bradykardi