Adenocarcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 14:53, 6 March 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common complications of adenocarcinoma of the lung include breathing difficulties, pneumonia, pleural effusion, metastasis, and Horner's syndrome. The prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung varies with the staging of tumor; stage IA have the most favorable prognosis. The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis.

Natural History

The majority of lung cancers present with advanced disease because the symptoms tend to occur later in the course of the disease.^[1]
The patient experiences non-specific symptoms such as cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, dysphonia, dysphagia, lack of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue from 3 weeks to 3 months before seeking medical attention.
During the 3 weeks to 3 months course, the tumor cell may double 20 times.^[1]
In more advanced disease, the tumor may spread to other organs such as the spinal cord, brain, and bone.
Patients with metastasis may develop symptoms such as leg weakness, paresthesias, bladder dysfunction, seizures, hemiplegia, cranial nerve palsies, confusion, personality changes, skeletal pain, and pleuritic pain.^[1]
Once the cancer spreads to the other organs, it is most likely to be fatal.

Complications

Breathing difficulties:

Lung cancer patients may experience dyspnea due to tumor blockage of airways. Fluid build up in the lungs affects lung expansion during inhalation.^[2]

Pneumonia:

Cancer growth in the airway may obstruct airflow, leading to breathing difficulties. Accumulation of secretions behind the blockage predisposes patients to pneumonia.

Pleural effusion:
- Lung cancer may cause fluid to build up in the lungs which may lead to breathing difficulties.

Metastasis:
- Lung cancer metastasizes to are the bones, liver, brain, and adrenal glands.

Horner's syndrome:
- Tumors in the apex of the lung, known as Pancoast tumors, may invade the local part of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to altered sweating patterns and eye muscle problems (Horner's syndrome).^[3]

Prognosis

The prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung varies with the staging of tumor; Stage IA have the most favorable prognosis.
The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis.

Survival rate by stage^[4]


Stage	5-year survival rate

IA	49%
IB	45%
IIA	30%
IIB	31%
IIIA	14%
IIIB	5%
IV	1%

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Leary, A (2012). Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach. Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405180757.
↑ Lung cancer complications. Mayo Clinic 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/complications/con-20025531 Accessed on December 20, 2015
↑ Jones, DR (Jul 1998). "Pancoast tumors of the lung". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 4 (4): 191–197. PMID 10813231. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
↑ Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=ab

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[leary-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Leary, A (2012). Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach. Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405180757.

[mayo-2] Lung cancer complications. Mayo Clinic 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/complications/con-20025531 Accessed on December 20, 2015

[Jones-3] Jones, DR (Jul 1998). "Pancoast tumors of the lung". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 4 (4): 191–197. PMID 10813231. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

[4] Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=ab

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SC}}
 ==Overview==
-Common complications of adenocarcinoma of the lung include [[breathing difficulties]], [[pneumonia]], [[hemoptysis]], [[pleural effusion]], and [[metastasis]].<ref>Lung cancer complications. Mayo Clinic 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/complications/con-20025531 Accessed on December 20, 2015</ref> The [[prognosis]] of adenocarcinoma of the lung varies with the staging of tumor; Stage IA have the most favorable prognosis. The presence of [[metastasis]] is associated with a particularly poor prognosis.
+Common complications of adenocarcinoma of the lung include [[breathing difficulties]], [[pneumonia]], [[pleural effusion]], [[metastasis]], and [[Horner's syndrome]]. The [[prognosis]] of adenocarcinoma of the lung varies with the [[Cancer staging|staging]] of [[tumor]]; stage IA have the most favorable [[prognosis]]. The presence of [[metastasis]] is associated with a particularly poor [[prognosis]].
 ==Natural History==
-*The majority of lung cancers present with advanced disease because the symptoms tend to occur later in the course of the disease.<ref name=leary>{{cite book | last = Leary | first = A | title = Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781405180757 }}</ref>
+*The majority of lung cancers present with advanced disease because the [[Symptom|symptoms]] tend to occur later in the course of the disease.<ref name="leary">{{cite book | last = Leary | first = A | title = Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781405180757 }}</ref>
-*The patient experiences non-specific symptoms such as [[cough]], [[hemoptysis]], [[dyspnea]], [[chest pain]], [[dysphonia]], [[dysphagia]], lack of appetite, [[weight loss]], and [[fatigue]] from 3 weeks to 3 months before seeking medical attention.
+*The patient experiences non-specific symptoms such as [[cough]], [[hemoptysis]], [[dyspnea]], [[chest pain]], [[dysphonia]], [[dysphagia]], lack of [[appetite]], [[weight loss]], and [[fatigue]] from 3 weeks to 3 months before seeking medical attention.
-*While of duration of symptoms, the [[tumor]] cell may double 20 times.<ref name=leary>{{cite book | last = Leary | first = A | title = Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781405180757 }}</ref>
+*During the 3 weeks to 3 months course, the [[tumor]] cell may double 20 times.<ref name="leary">{{cite book | last = Leary | first = A | title = Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781405180757 }}</ref>
-*In more advanced disease, the tumor may spread to other organs such as the [[spinal cord]], [[brain]], and [[bone]].
+*In more advanced disease, the [[tumor]] may spread to other organs such as the [[spinal cord]], [[brain]], and [[bone]].
-*These patients may develop symptoms such as leg weakness, [[paresthesias]], bladder dysfunction, [[seizures]], [[hemiplegia]], cranial nerve palsies, [[confusion]] , personality changes, skeletal pain, and [[pleuritic]] pain.<ref name=leary>{{cite book | last = Leary | first = A | title = Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781405180757 }}</ref>
+*Patients with [[metastasis]] may develop symptoms such as [[Muscle weakness|leg weakness]], [[paresthesias]], [[Bladder Discomfort|bladder dysfunction]], [[seizures]], [[hemiplegia]], [[Cranial nerve palsies|cranial nerve palsies,]] [[confusion]], personality changes, skeletal pain, and [[pleuritic]] pain.<ref name="leary">{{cite book | last = Leary | first = A | title = Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781405180757 }}</ref>
-*Once the cancer spreads to the other organs, it is most likely fatal.
+*Once the [[cancer]] spreads to the other organs, it is most likely to be fatal.
 ==Complications==
-* [[Breathing difficulties]]<ref>Lung cancer complications. Mayo Clinic 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/complications/con-20025531 Accessed on December 20, 2015</ref>
+* [[Breathing difficulties]]:
-:* Lung cancer patients can experience trouble breathing especially when [[tumors]] grow and block the airways. Also, it is possible for fluid to build up in the lungs of the patients which makes it difficult for the lungs to fully expand when [[inhaling]].
+:* Lung cancer patients may experience [[dyspnea]] due to [[tumor]] blockage of [[Airway|airways]]. Fluid build up in the [[Lung|lungs]] affects lung expansion during [[inhalation]].<ref name="mayo">Lung cancer complications. Mayo Clinic 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/complications/con-20025531 Accessed on December 20, 2015</ref>
-* [[Pneumonia]]
+* [[Pneumonia]]:
-:* If the cancer grows in the [[airway]], it may obstruct airflow, causing [[dyspnea|breathing difficulties]]. This can lead to accumulation of secretions behind the blockage, predisposing the patient to [[pneumonia]].
+:* Cancer growth in the [[airway]] may obstruct airflow, leading to [[dyspnea|breathing difficulties]]. Accumulation of [[Secretion|secretions]] behind the blockage predisposes [[Patient|patients]] to [[pneumonia]].
-* [[Hemoptysis]]
+* [[Pleural effusion]]:
-:* Occasionally lung cancer can cause bleeding in the airways which results in the patient coughing up [[blood]].
+** [[Lung cancer]] may cause fluid to build up in the [[Lung|lungs]] which may lead to [[Dyspnea|breathing difficulties]].
-* [[Pain]]
-:* It is possible that lung cancer will cause pain as well, especially if it spreads to the lining of the lung, or other areas of the body, like the [[bones]].
-:* There are treatments to help combat the pain.
-* [[Pleural effusion]]
-:* Lung cancer can cause fluid to build up in the lungs which can cause breathing difficulties.
-:* There are treatments available to help drain the excess fluid
-* [[Metastasis]]
-:* In many cases, lung cancer will spread out to other parts of the body. Some of the more common places lung cancer metastasizes to are the [[bones]], [[liver]], [[brain]], and [[adrenal glands]].
-* [[Horner's syndrome]]
-:* Tumors in the top (apex) of the lung, known as [[Pancoast tumor]]s,<ref name="Jones">{{cite journal | last =Jones | first =DR | coauthors =Detterbeck FC | title =Pancoast tumors of the lung | journal =Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine | volume =4 | issue =4 | pages =191–197 | date =Jul 1998 | pmid =10813231 }}</ref> may invade the local part of the [[sympathetic nervous system]], leading to changed sweating patterns and eye muscle problems (a combination known as [[Horner's syndrome]]).
+* [[Metastasis]]:
+** [[Lung cancer]] metastasizes to are the [[bones]], [[liver]], [[brain]], and [[adrenal glands]].
+* [[Horner's syndrome]]:
+** [[Tumor|Tumors]] in the apex of the [[lung]], known as [[Pancoast tumor]]s, may invade the local part of the [[sympathetic nervous system]], leading to altered sweating patterns and eye muscle problems ([[Horner's syndrome]]).<ref name="Jones">{{cite journal | last =Jones | first =DR | coauthors =Detterbeck FC | title =Pancoast tumors of the lung | journal =Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine | volume =4 | issue =4 | pages =191–197 | date =Jul 1998 | pmid =10813231 }}</ref>
 ==Prognosis==
-* The prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung varies with the staging of tumor; Stage IA have the most favorable prognosis.
+* The prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the [[lung]] varies with the staging of [[tumor]]; Stage IA have the most favorable [[prognosis]].
-* The presence of [[metastasis]] is associated with a particularly poor prognosis.
+* The presence of [[metastasis]] is associated with a particularly poor [[prognosis]].
 '''Survival rate by stage'''<ref>Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=ab </ref>
-{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 300px" align=center
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 300px" align="center"
-|valign=top|
+| valign="top" |
 |+
 ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 75px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Stage}}