Adenocarcinoma of the lung natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 14:53, 6 March 2018

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shanshan Cen, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common complications of adenocarcinoma of the lung include breathing difficulties, pneumonia, pleural effusion, metastasis, and Horner's syndrome. The prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung varies with the staging of tumor; stage IA have the most favorable prognosis. The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis.

Natural History

The majority of lung cancers present with advanced disease because the symptoms tend to occur later in the course of the disease.^[1]
The patient experiences non-specific symptoms such as cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, dysphonia, dysphagia, lack of appetite, weight loss, and fatigue from 3 weeks to 3 months before seeking medical attention.
During the 3 weeks to 3 months course, the tumor cell may double 20 times.^[1]
In more advanced disease, the tumor may spread to other organs such as the spinal cord, brain, and bone.
Patients with metastasis may develop symptoms such as leg weakness, paresthesias, bladder dysfunction, seizures, hemiplegia, cranial nerve palsies, confusion, personality changes, skeletal pain, and pleuritic pain.^[1]
Once the cancer spreads to the other organs, it is most likely to be fatal.

Complications

Breathing difficulties:

Lung cancer patients may experience dyspnea due to tumor blockage of airways. Fluid build up in the lungs affects lung expansion during inhalation.^[2]

Pneumonia:

Cancer growth in the airway may obstruct airflow, leading to breathing difficulties. Accumulation of secretions behind the blockage predisposes patients to pneumonia.

Pleural effusion:
- Lung cancer may cause fluid to build up in the lungs which may lead to breathing difficulties.

Metastasis:
- Lung cancer metastasizes to are the bones, liver, brain, and adrenal glands.

Horner's syndrome:
- Tumors in the apex of the lung, known as Pancoast tumors, may invade the local part of the sympathetic nervous system, leading to altered sweating patterns and eye muscle problems (Horner's syndrome).^[3]

Prognosis

The prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung varies with the staging of tumor; Stage IA have the most favorable prognosis.
The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis.

Survival rate by stage^[4]


Stage	5-year survival rate

IA	49%
IB	45%
IIA	30%
IIB	31%
IIIA	14%
IIIB	5%
IV	1%

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Leary, A (2012). Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach. Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405180757.
↑ Lung cancer complications. Mayo Clinic 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/complications/con-20025531 Accessed on December 20, 2015
↑ Jones, DR (Jul 1998). "Pancoast tumors of the lung". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 4 (4): 191–197. PMID 10813231. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)
↑ Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=ab

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[leary-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Leary, A (2012). Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach. Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9781405180757.

[mayo-2] Lung cancer complications. Mayo Clinic 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/complications/con-20025531 Accessed on December 20, 2015

[Jones-3] Jones, DR (Jul 1998). "Pancoast tumors of the lung". Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine. 4 (4): 191–197. PMID 10813231. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (help)

[4] Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=ab

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SC}}
 ==Overview==
+Common complications of adenocarcinoma of the lung include [[breathing difficulties]], [[pneumonia]], [[pleural effusion]], [[metastasis]], and [[Horner's syndrome]]. The [[prognosis]] of adenocarcinoma of the lung varies with the [[Cancer staging|staging]] of [[tumor]]; stage IA have the most favorable [[prognosis]]. The presence of [[metastasis]] is associated with a particularly poor [[prognosis]].
 ==Natural History==
-*The majority of lung cancers present with advanced disease because the symptoms tend to occur later in the course of the disease<ref>"The Presentation and Diagnosis of Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma." Lunger Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Ed. Alison Leary. Ames: Blackwell, 2012. 15-21. Print.</ref>
+*The majority of lung cancers present with advanced disease because the [[Symptom|symptoms]] tend to occur later in the course of the disease.<ref name="leary">{{cite book | last = Leary | first = A | title = Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781405180757 }}</ref>
-*The patient experiences non-specific symptoms such as [[cough]], [[hemoptysis]], [[dyspnea]], [[chest pain]], [[dysphonia]], [[dysphagia]], lack of appetite, [[weight loss]], and [[fatigue]] from 3 weeks to 3 months before seeking medical attention.
+*The patient experiences non-specific symptoms such as [[cough]], [[hemoptysis]], [[dyspnea]], [[chest pain]], [[dysphonia]], [[dysphagia]], lack of [[appetite]], [[weight loss]], and [[fatigue]] from 3 weeks to 3 months before seeking medical attention.
-*While of duration of symptoms, the [[tumor]] cell may double 20 times.<ref>"The Presentation and Diagnosis of Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma." Lunger Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Ed. Alison Leary. Ames: Blackwell, 2012. 15-21. Print.</ref>
+*During the 3 weeks to 3 months course, the [[tumor]] cell may double 20 times.<ref name="leary">{{cite book | last = Leary | first = A | title = Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781405180757 }}</ref>
-*In more advanced disease, the tumor may spread to other organs such as the [[spinal cord]], [[brain]], and [[bone]].
+*In more advanced disease, the [[tumor]] may spread to other organs such as the [[spinal cord]], [[brain]], and [[bone]].
-*These patients may develop symptoms such as leg weakness, [[paresthesias]], bladder dysfunction, [[seizures]], [[hemiplegia]], cranial nerve palsies, [[confusion]] , personality changes, skeletal pain, and [[pleuritic]] pain.<ref>"The Presentation and Diagnosis of Lung Cancer and Mesothelioma." Lunger Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Ed. Alison Leary. Ames: Blackwell, 2012. 15-21. Print.</ref>
+*Patients with [[metastasis]] may develop symptoms such as [[Muscle weakness|leg weakness]], [[paresthesias]], [[Bladder Discomfort|bladder dysfunction]], [[seizures]], [[hemiplegia]], [[Cranial nerve palsies|cranial nerve palsies,]] [[confusion]], personality changes, skeletal pain, and [[pleuritic]] pain.<ref name="leary">{{cite book | last = Leary | first = A | title = Lung cancer a multidisciplinary approach | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | location = Chichester, West Sussex, UK Ames, Iowa | year = 2012 | isbn = 9781405180757 }}</ref>
-*Once the cancer spreads to the other organs, it is most likely fatal.
+*Once the [[cancer]] spreads to the other organs, it is most likely to be fatal.
+==Complications==
+* [[Breathing difficulties]]:
+:* Lung cancer patients may experience [[dyspnea]] due to [[tumor]] blockage of [[Airway|airways]]. Fluid build up in the [[Lung|lungs]] affects lung expansion during [[inhalation]].<ref name="mayo">Lung cancer complications. Mayo Clinic 2015. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/basics/complications/con-20025531 Accessed on December 20, 2015</ref>
+* [[Pneumonia]]:
+:* Cancer growth in the [[airway]] may obstruct airflow, leading to [[dyspnea|breathing difficulties]]. Accumulation of [[Secretion|secretions]] behind the blockage predisposes [[Patient|patients]] to [[pneumonia]].
+* [[Pleural effusion]]:
+** [[Lung cancer]] may cause fluid to build up in the [[Lung|lungs]] which may lead to [[Dyspnea|breathing difficulties]].
+* [[Metastasis]]:
+** [[Lung cancer]] metastasizes to are the [[bones]], [[liver]], [[brain]], and [[adrenal glands]].
+* [[Horner's syndrome]]:
+** [[Tumor|Tumors]] in the apex of the [[lung]], known as [[Pancoast tumor]]s, may invade the local part of the [[sympathetic nervous system]], leading to altered sweating patterns and eye muscle problems ([[Horner's syndrome]]).<ref name="Jones">{{cite journal | last =Jones | first =DR | coauthors =Detterbeck FC | title =Pancoast tumors of the lung | journal =Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine | volume =4 | issue =4 | pages =191–197 | date =Jul 1998 | pmid =10813231 }}</ref>
 ==Prognosis==
+* The prognosis of adenocarcinoma of the [[lung]] varies with the staging of [[tumor]]; Stage IA have the most favorable [[prognosis]].
+* The presence of [[metastasis]] is associated with a particularly poor [[prognosis]].
-'''Non–small cell lung cancer survival rate by stage'''<ref>Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=ab </ref>
+'''Survival rate by stage'''<ref>Lung cancer. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/lung/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=ab </ref>
-{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 300px" align=center
+{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width: 300px" align="center"
-|valign=top|
+| valign="top" |
 |+
 ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 75px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Stage}}