Betacellulin: Difference between revisions

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(consistent citation formatting and removed further reading citations not specific to this gene)
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<!-- {{PBB|geneid=685}} -->
{{Infobox gene}}
'''Betacellulin'''  is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''BTC'' [[gene]] located on chromosome 4 at locus 4q13-q21.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: betacellulin| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=685| accessdate = }}</ref> Betacellulin is a member of the [[epidermal growth factor|EGF]] family of growth factors. It is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events. This protein is a ligand for the [[epidermal growth factor receptor|EGF receptor]].<ref name="entrez"/>
'''Betacellulin'''  is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the ''BTC'' [[gene]] located on chromosome 4 at locus 4q13-q21.<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: betacellulin| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=685| access-date = }}</ref> Betacellulin is a member of the [[epidermal growth factor|EGF]] family of growth factors. It is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events. This protein is a ligand for the [[epidermal growth factor receptor|EGF receptor]].<ref name="entrez"/>


== Structure ==
== Structure ==
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* The structure for the small protein Betacellulin that is shown was determined by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The species that BTC was taken from was Homo sapiens.This particular molecule of BTC has a formula weight of 5916.9 and its sequence was determined to be RKGHFSRCPKQYKHYCIKGRCRFVVAEQTPSCVCDEGYIGARCERVDLFY (if you would like to see an image of what parts of the sequence code for the secondary structures observed in the image, click [http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/remediatedSequence.do?structureId=1IP0 here]). Also, a Ramachandran plot can be found [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/images/1IP0_ram_m_500.pdf here].
* The structure for the small protein Betacellulin that is shown was determined by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The species that BTC was taken from was Homo sapiens.This particular molecule of BTC has a formula weight of 5916.9 and its sequence was determined to be RKGHFSRCPKQYKHYCIKGRCRFVVAEQTPSCVCDEGYIGARCERVDLFY (if you would like to see an image of what parts of the sequence code for the secondary structures observed in the image, click [http://www.pdb.org/pdb/explore/remediatedSequence.do?structureId=1IP0 here]). Also, a Ramachandran plot can be found [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/images/1IP0_ram_m_500.pdf here].


==References==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}{{clear}}


==Further reading==
== Further reading ==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin | 2}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kim HS, Shin HS, Kwak HJ, Cho CH, Lee CO, Koh GY | title = Betacellulin induces angiogenesis through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase in endothelial cell | journal = FASEB J. | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | pages = 318–20 |date=February 2003 | pmid = 12475887 | doi = 10.1096/fj.02-0570fje | url = | issn = }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Kim HS, Shin HS, Kwak HJ, Cho CH, Lee CO, Koh GY | title = Betacellulin induces angiogenesis through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase in endothelial cell | journal = FASEB Journal | volume = 17 | issue = 2 | pages = 318–20 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12475887 | doi = 10.1096/fj.02-0570fje }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Yamamoto T, Akisue T, Marui T |title=Expression of betacellulin, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor and epiregulin in human malignant fibrous histiocytoma. |journal=Anticancer Res. |volume=24 |issue= 3b |pages= 2007–10 |year= 2004|pmid= 15274392 |doi=  |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Yamamoto T, Akisue T, Marui T, Nakatani T, Kawamoto T, Hitora T, Nagira K, Fujita I, Matsumoto K, Kurosaka M | title = Expression of betacellulin, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor and epiregulin in human malignant fibrous histiocytoma | journal = Anticancer Research | volume = 24 | issue = 3b | pages = 2007–10 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15274392 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Nakagawa T, Furuta H, Sanke T |title=Molecular scanning of the betacellulin gene for mutations in type 2 diabetic patients. |journal=Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. |volume=68 |issue= 3 |pages= 188–92 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15936459 |doi= 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.09.019 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nakagawa T, Furuta H, Sanke T, Sakagashira S, Shimomura H, Shimajiri Y, Hanabusa T, Nishi M, Sasaki H, Nanjo K | title = Molecular scanning of the betacellulin gene for mutations in type 2 diabetic patients | journal = Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice | volume = 68 | issue = 3 | pages = 188–92 | date = June 2005 | pmid = 15936459 | doi = 10.1016/j.diabres.2004.09.019 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Silver K, Tolea M, Wang J |title=The exon 1 Cys7Gly polymorphism within the betacellulin gene is associated with type 2 diabetes in African Americans. |journal=Diabetes |volume=54 |issue= 4 |pages= 1179–84 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15793259 |doi= 10.2337/diabetes.54.4.1179|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Silver K, Tolea M, Wang J, Pollin TI, Yao F, Mitchell BD | title = The exon 1 Cys7Gly polymorphism within the betacellulin gene is associated with type 2 diabetes in African Americans | journal = Diabetes | volume = 54 | issue = 4 | pages = 1179–84 | date = April 2005 | pmid = 15793259 | doi = 10.2337/diabetes.54.4.1179 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Tanimura K, Nakago S, Murakoshi H |title=Changes in the expression and cytological localization of betacellulin and its receptors (ErbB-1 and ErbB-4) in the trophoblasts in human placenta over the course of pregnancy. |journal=Eur. J. Endocrinol. |volume=151 |issue= 1 |pages= 93–101 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15248827 |doi= 10.1530/eje.0.1510093 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Tanimura K, Nakago S, Murakoshi H, Takekida S, Moriyama T, Matsuo H, Hashimoto K, Maruo T | title = Changes in the expression and cytological localization of betacellulin and its receptors (ErbB-1 and ErbB-4) in the trophoblasts in human placenta over the course of pregnancy | journal = European Journal of Endocrinology | volume = 151 | issue = 1 | pages = 93–101 | date = July 2004 | pmid = 15248827 | doi = 10.1530/eje.0.1510093 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Saito T, Okada S, Ohshima K |title=Differential activation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor downstream signaling pathways by betacellulin and EGF. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=145 |issue= 9 |pages= 4232–43 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15192046 |doi= 10.1210/en.2004-0401 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Saito T, Okada S, Ohshima K, Yamada E, Sato M, Uehara Y, Shimizu H, Pessin JE, Mori M | title = Differential activation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor downstream signaling pathways by betacellulin and EGF | journal = Endocrinology | volume = 145 | issue = 9 | pages = 4232–43 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15192046 | doi = 10.1210/en.2004-0401 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Elbein SC, Wang X, Karim MA |title=Analysis of coding variants in the betacellulin gene in type 2 diabetes and insulin secretion in African American subjects. |journal=BMC Med. Genet. |volume=7 |issue=  |pages= 62 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16869959 |doi= 10.1186/1471-2350-7-62 |pmc=1544326|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Elbein SC, Wang X, Karim MA, Chu WS, Silver KD | title = Analysis of coding variants in the betacellulin gene in type 2 diabetes and insulin secretion in African American subjects | journal = BMC Medical Genetics | volume = 7 | issue =  | pages = 62 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16869959 | pmc = 1544326 | doi = 10.1186/1471-2350-7-62 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Genetos DC, Rao RR, Vidal MA |title=Betacellulin inhibits osteogenic differentiation and stimulates proliferation through HIF-1alpha. |journal=Cell Tissue Res. |volume=340 |issue= 1 |pages= 81–9 |year= 2010 |pmid= 20165885 |doi= 10.1007/s00441-010-0929-0 |pmc=2847694}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Genetos DC, Rao RR, Vidal MA | title = Betacellulin inhibits osteogenic differentiation and stimulates proliferation through HIF-1alpha | journal = Cell and Tissue Research | volume = 340 | issue = 1 | pages = 81–9 | date = April 2010 | pmid = 20165885 | pmc = 2847694 | doi = 10.1007/s00441-010-0929-0 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Moss ML, Bomar M, Liu Q |title=The ADAM10 prodomain is a specific inhibitor of ADAM10 proteolytic activity and inhibits cellular shedding events. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=282 |issue= 49 |pages= 35712–21 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17895248 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M703231200 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Moss ML, Bomar M, Liu Q, Sage H, Dempsey P, Lenhart PM, Gillispie PA, Stoeck A, Wildeboer D, Bartsch JW, Palmisano R, Zhou P | title = The ADAM10 prodomain is a specific inhibitor of ADAM10 proteolytic activity and inhibits cellular shedding events | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 282 | issue = 49 | pages = 35712–21 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 17895248 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M703231200 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Rittié L, Kansra S, Stoll SW |title=Differential ErbB1 signaling in squamous cell versus basal cell carcinoma of the skin. |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=170 |issue= 6 |pages= 2089–99 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17525275 |doi= 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060537 |pmc=1899432|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Rittié L, Kansra S, Stoll SW, Li Y, Gudjonsson JE, Shao Y, Michael LE, Fisher GJ, Johnson TM, Elder JT | title = Differential ErbB1 signaling in squamous cell versus basal cell carcinoma of the skin | journal = The American Journal of Pathology | volume = 170 | issue = 6 | pages = 2089–99 | date = June 2007 | pmid = 17525275 | pmc = 1899432 | doi = 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060537 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Révillion F, Lhotellier V, Hornez L |title=ErbB/HER ligands in human breast cancer, and relationships with their receptors, the bio-pathological features and prognosis. |journal=Ann. Oncol. |volume=19 |issue= 1 |pages= 73–80 |year= 2008 |pmid= 17962208 |doi= 10.1093/annonc/mdm431 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Révillion F, Lhotellier V, Hornez L, Bonneterre J, Peyrat JP | title = ErbB/HER ligands in human breast cancer, and relationships with their receptors, the bio-pathological features and prognosis | journal = Annals of Oncology | volume = 19 | issue = 1 | pages = 73–80 | date = January 2008 | pmid = 17962208 | doi = 10.1093/annonc/mdm431 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Silver KD, Shi X, Mitchell BD |title=Betacellulin variants and type 2 diabetes in the Old Order Amish. |journal=Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes |volume=115 |issue= 4 |pages= 229–31 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17479438 |doi= 10.1055/s-2007-970575 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Silver KD, Shi X, Mitchell BD | title = Betacellulin variants and type 2 diabetes in the Old Order Amish | journal = Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes | volume = 115 | issue = 4 | pages = 229–31 | date = April 2007 | pmid = 17479438 | doi = 10.1055/s-2007-970575 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA |title=The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2121–7 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489334 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2596504 |pmc=528928|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, del Val C, Arlt D, Hahne F, Bechtel S, Simpson J, Hofmann O, Hide W, Glatting KH, Huber W, Pepperkok R, Poustka A, Wiemann S | title = The LIFEdb database in 2006 | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 34 | issue = Database issue | pages = D415-8 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16381901 | pmc = 1347501 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkj139 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I |title=The LIFEdb database in 2006. |journal=Nucleic Acids Res. |volume=34 |issue= Database issue |pages= D415-8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16381901 |doi= 10.1093/nar/gkj139 |pmc=1347501|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Stoeck A, Shang L, Dempsey PJ | title = Sequential and gamma-secretase-dependent processing of the betacellulin precursor generates a palmitoylated intracellular-domain fragment that inhibits cell growth | journal = Journal of Cell Science | volume = 123 | issue = Pt 13 | pages = 2319–31 | date = July 2010 | pmid = 20530572 | pmc = 2886747 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.060830 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Stoeck A, Shang L, Dempsey PJ |title=Sequential and gamma-secretase-dependent processing of the betacellulin precursor generates a palmitoylated intracellular-domain fragment that inhibits cell growth. |journal=J. Cell Sci. |volume=123 |issue= Pt 13 |pages= 2319–31 |year= 2010 |pmid= 20530572 |doi= 10.1242/jcs.060830 |pmc=2886747}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nagaoka T, Fukuda T, Hashizume T, Nishiyama T, Tada H, Yamada H, Salomon DS, Yamada S, Kojima I, Seno M | title = A betacellulin mutant promotes differentiation of pancreatic acinar AR42J cells into insulin-producing cells with low affinity of binding to ErbB1 | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 380 | issue = 1 | pages = 83–94 | date = June 2008 | pmid = 18508082 | doi = 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.03.054 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Nagaoka T, Fukuda T, Hashizume T |title=A betacellulin mutant promotes differentiation of pancreatic acinar AR42J cells into insulin-producing cells with low affinity of binding to ErbB1. |journal=J. Mol. Biol. |volume=380 |issue= 1 |pages= 83–94 |year= 2008 |pmid= 18508082 |doi= 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.03.054 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Nakano Y, Furuta H, Doi A, Matsuno S, Nakagawa T, Shimomura H, Sakagashira S, Horikawa Y, Nishi M, Sasaki H, Sanke T, Nanjo K | title = A functional variant in the human betacellulin gene promoter is associated with type 2 diabetes | journal = Diabetes | volume = 54 | issue = 12 | pages = 3560–6 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16306376 | doi = 10.2337/diabetes.54.12.3560 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Nakano Y, Furuta H, Doi A |title=A functional variant in the human betacellulin gene promoter is associated with type 2 diabetes. |journal=Diabetes |volume=54 |issue= 12 |pages= 3560–6 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16306376 |doi= 10.2337/diabetes.54.12.3560|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sanderson MP, Erickson SN, Gough PJ, Garton KJ, Wille PT, Raines EW, Dunbar AJ, Dempsey PJ | title = ADAM10 mediates ectodomain shedding of the betacellulin precursor activated by p-aminophenylmercuric acetate and extracellular calcium influx | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 280 | issue = 3 | pages = 1826–37 | date = January 2005 | pmid = 15507448 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M408804200 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Sanderson MP, Erickson SN, Gough PJ |title=ADAM10 mediates ectodomain shedding of the betacellulin precursor activated by p-aminophenylmercuric acetate and extracellular calcium influx. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 3 |pages= 1826–37 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15507448 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M408804200 |display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Dunbar AJ, Goddard C | title = Structure-function and biological role of betacellulin | journal = The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology | volume = 32 | issue = 8 | pages = 805–15 | date = August 2000 | pmid = 10940639 | doi = 10.1016/S1357-2725(00)00028-5 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Dunbar AJ, Goddard C |title=Structure-function and biological role of betacellulin. |journal=Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. |volume=32 |issue= 8 |pages= 805–15 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10940639 |doi= 10.1016/S1357-2725(00)00028-5}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, Schleeger S, Mehrle A, Bechtel S, Sauermann M, Korf U, Pepperkok R, Sültmann H, Poustka A | title = From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline | journal = Genome Research | volume = 14 | issue = 10B | pages = 2136–44 | date = October 2004 | pmid = 15489336 | pmc = 528930 | doi = 10.1101/gr.2576704 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W |title=From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline. |journal=Genome Res. |volume=14 |issue= 10B |pages= 2136–44 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15489336 |doi= 10.1101/gr.2576704 |pmc=528930|display-authors=etal}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Silver KD, Magnuson VL, Tolea M, Wang J, Hagopian WA, Mitchell BD | title = Association of a polymorphism in the betacellulin gene with type 1 diabetes mellitus in two populations | journal = Journal of Molecular Medicine | volume = 84 | issue = 7 | pages = 616–23 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16683131 | doi = 10.1007/s00109-006-0052-6 }}
*{{cite journal  |vauthors=Silver KD, Magnuson VL, Tolea M |title=Association of a polymorphism in the betacellulin gene with type 1 diabetes mellitus in two populations. |journal=J. Mol. Med. |volume=84 |issue= 7 |pages= 616–23 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16683131 |doi= 10.1007/s00109-006-0052-6 |display-authors=etal}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==External links==
== External links ==
* {{MeshName|Betacellulin}}
* {{MeshName|Betacellulin}}


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[[Category:Genes on human chromosome 4]]
[[Category:Genes on human chromosome 4]]
[[Category:Growth factors]]
[[Category:Growth factors]]


{{biochem-stub}}
{{biochem-stub}}

Revision as of 19:58, 22 August 2018

VALUE_ERROR (nil)
Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

n/a

n/a

RefSeq (protein)

n/a

n/a

Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Betacellulin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BTC gene located on chromosome 4 at locus 4q13-q21.[1] Betacellulin is a member of the EGF family of growth factors. It is synthesized primarily as a transmembrane precursor, which is then processed to mature molecule by proteolytic events. This protein is a ligand for the EGF receptor.[1]

Structure

BTC is a polymer of about 62-111 amino acid residues. Secondary Structure: 6% helical (1 helices; 3 residues) 36% beta sheet (5 strands; 18 residues)

  • BTC was originally identified as a growth-promoting factor in mouse pancreatic β-cell carcinoma cell line and has since been identified in humans. Mouse BTC (mBTC) is expressed as a 178-amino acid precursor. The membrane-bound precursor is cleaved to yield mature secreted mBTC. BTC is synthesized in a wide range of adult tissues and in many cultured cells, including smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells. The amino acid sequence of mature mBTC is 82.5%, identical with that of human BTC (hBTC), and both exhibit significant overall similarity with other members of the EGF family.

About the Image

  • The structure for the small protein Betacellulin that is shown was determined by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The species that BTC was taken from was Homo sapiens.This particular molecule of BTC has a formula weight of 5916.9 and its sequence was determined to be RKGHFSRCPKQYKHYCIKGRCRFVVAEQTPSCVCDEGYIGARCERVDLFY (if you would like to see an image of what parts of the sequence code for the secondary structures observed in the image, click here). Also, a Ramachandran plot can be found here.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: betacellulin".

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.