Scalene muscles

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Scalene muscles
Image:Scalenus.png
The anterior vertebral muscles.
Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. Showing the arrangement of the fascia coli.
Origin	cervical vertebrae (CII-CVII)
Insertion	first and second ribs
Artery:	Ascending cervical artery (branch of Inferior thyroid artery)
Nerve:	cervical nerves (C3-C7)
Action:	elevation of ribs I&II

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The scalene muscles are a group of three pairs of muscles in the lateral neck, namely the scalenus anterior, scalenus medius, and scalenus posterior. They originate from the transverse processes from the cervical vertebrae of CII to CVII and insert onto the first and second ribs. Thus they are called the lateral vertebral muscles.^[1] They are innervated by the spinal nerves C3-C7. The action of the anterior and middle scalene muscles is to elevate the first rib and rotate the neck to the opposite side; the action of the posterior scalene is to elevate the second rib and tilt the neck to the same side.

The scalene muscles have an important relationship to other structures in the neck. The brachial plexus and subclavian artery pass between the anterior and middle scalenes. The subclavian vein and phrenic nerve pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene as it crosses over the first rib.

They also act as accessory muscles of inspiration, along with the sternocleidomastoids.

The passing of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery through the space of the anterior and middle scalene muscles constitute the scalene hiatus. The region in which this lies is referred to as the scaleotracheal fossa. It is bound by the clavicle inferior anteriorly, the trachea medially, posteriorly by the trapezius, and anteriorly by the platysma muscle. If you look closely, you can also see the branches off that subclavian which will form the common carotid artery, which will further go up and split into the two branches, internal and external located at the junction of the carotid sinus. With these you will also see the Vagus Nerve (Cranial nerve X)

See also

• Muscles
• List of muscles of the human body
• Accessory muscles of respiration

External links

• Scalene+muscles at eMedicine Dictionary
• Diagram at msu.edu

v • d • e List of muscles of head and neck: the neck
Cervical	CN VII (superficial): platysma CN XI (deep): sternocleidomastoid
Suprahyoid	CN V3 (medial): mylohyoid - anterior belly of digastric CN VII (lateral): stylohyoid - posterior belly of digastric C1 (deep): geniohyoid
Infrahyoid/strap	C1: thyrohyoid C1-C3: sternohyoid - sternothyroid - omohyoid
Vertebral	C1-C6 (anterior): rectus capitis (anterior, lateralis) - longus (capitis, colli) C3-C8 (lateral): scalene (anterior, medius, posterior)

de:Musculi scaleni

it:Muscoli scaleni ja:斜角筋 la:Musculi scaleni sr:Скаленски мишићи

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .