Amiloride

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Amiloride
Systematic (IUPAC) name
3,5-diamino-6-chloro-N- (diaminomethylidene)pyrazine-2-carboxamide
Identifiers
CAS number	2016-88-8
ATC code	C03DB01
PubChem	16231
DrugBank	APRD00790
Chemical data
Formula	C6H8ClN7O
Mol. mass	229.627 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	Readily absorbed
Metabolism	none
Half life	6 to 9 hours
Excretion	unchanged in urine
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status
Routes	oral

WikiDoc Resources for Amiloride
Articles
Most recent articles on Amiloride Most cited articles on Amiloride Review articles on Amiloride Articles on Amiloride in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Amiloride Images of Amiloride Photos of Amiloride Podcasts & MP3s on Amiloride Videos on Amiloride
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Amiloride Bandolier on Amiloride TRIP on Amiloride
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Amiloride at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Amiloride Clinical Trials on Amiloride at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Amiloride NICE Guidance on Amiloride NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Amiloride CDC on Amiloride
Books
Books on Amiloride
News
Amiloride in the news Be alerted to news on Amiloride News trends on Amiloride
Commentary
Blogs on Amiloride
Definitions
Definitions of Amiloride
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Amiloride Discussion groups on Amiloride Patient Handouts on Amiloride Directions to Hospitals Treating Amiloride Risk calculators and risk factors for Amiloride
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Amiloride Causes & Risk Factors for Amiloride Diagnostic studies for Amiloride Treatment of Amiloride
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Amiloride
International
Amiloride en Espanol Amiloride en Francais
Businness
Amiloride in the Marketplace Patents on Amiloride
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Amiloride

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Amiloride is a potassium-sparing diuretic, first approved for use in 1967 (then known as MK 870), used in the management of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Structure

Amiloride is a guanidinium group containing pyrazine derivative.

Mode of action

Amiloride works by directly blocking the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) thereby inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts in the kidneys (this mechanism is the same for triamterene). This promotes the loss of sodium and water from the body, but without depleting potassium. The drug is often used in conjunction with thiazide (e.g. co-amilozide) or loop diuretics (e.g. co-amilofruse). Due to its potassium-sparing capacities, hyperkalemia (high blood potassium levels) are occasionally observed in patients taking amiloride. The risk is high in concurrent use of ACE inhibitors or spironolactone. Patients are also advised not to use potassium-containing salt replacements.^[1]

A fraction of the effects of amiloride is inhibition of cyclic GMP-gated cation channels in the inner medullary collecting duct.^[1]

References

v • d • e Antihypertensives (C02) and diuretics (C03)
Sympatholytic agents	Centrally acting/antiadrenergics α2 agonist (Clonidine, Guanfacine, Methyldopa) imidazoline receptor agonist (Moxonidine, Rilmenidine) adrenergic uptake inhibitor (Rescinnamine, Reserpine) Ganglion-blocking/nicotinic antagonist Mecamylamine, Trimethaphan Peripherally acting/antiadrenergics Alpha blockers: Prazosin • Indoramin • Trimazosin • Doxazosin • Urapidil Guanidine derivatives: Betanidine • Guanethidine • Guanoxan • Debrisoquine • Guanoclor • Guanazodine • Guanoxabenz
Vasodilators	Diazoxide • hydrazinophthalazine (Hydralazine, Dihydralazine, Endralazine, Cadralazine) • Minoxidil • Nitroprusside • Phentolamine
Other antihypertensives	serotonin antagonist (Ketanserin) • endothelin receptor antagonist (Bosentan, Ambrisentan, Sitaxsentan) • MAOI (Pargyline) • THI (Metirosine)
Diuretics	Low ceiling Thiazides Bendroflumethiazide • Hydroflumethiazide • Hydrochlorothiazide • Chlorothiazide • Polythiazide • Trichlormethiazide • Cyclopenthiazide • Methyclothiazide • Cyclothiazide • Mebutizide Sulfonamides Quinethazone • Clopamide • Chlortalidone • Mefruside • Clofenamide • Metolazone • Meticrane • Xipamide • Indapamide • Clorexolone • Fenquizone Other Mersalyl • Theobromine • Cicletanine High ceiling Loop diuretic (Bumetanide, Furosemide, Torsemide) Potassium-sparing ESC blockers (Amiloride, Triamterene) • aldosterone antagonists (Spironolactone, Eplerenone, Potassium canrenoate, Canrenone)

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v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Amiloride (Click show to right to view)
Articles on Amiloride	Most recent articles on Amiloride • Most cited articles on Amiloride • Review articles on Amiloride • Articles on Amiloride in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Amiloride	Powerpoint slides on Amiloride • Images of Amiloride • Photos of Amiloride • Podcasts & MP3s on Amiloride • Videos on Amiloride
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Amiloride	Cochrane Collaboration on Amiloride • Bandolier on Amiloride • TRIP on Amiloride
Cost Effectiveness of Amiloride	Cost Effectiveness of Amiloride
Clinical Trials Involving Amiloride	Ongoing Trials on Amiloride at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Amiloride • Clinical Trials on Amiloride at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Amiloride	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Amiloride • NICE Guidance on Amiloride • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Amiloride • CDC on Amiloride
Textbook Information on Amiloride	Books and Textbook Information on Amiloride
Pharmacology Resources on Amiloride	Dosing of Amiloride • Drug interactions with Amiloride • Side effects of Amiloride • Allergic reactions to Amiloride • Overdose information on Amiloride • Carcinogenicity information on Amiloride • Amiloride in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Amiloride •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Amiloride	Genetics of Amiloride • Pharmacogenomics of Amiloride • Proteomics of Amiloride
Newstories on Amiloride	Amiloride in the news • Be alerted to news on Amiloride • News trends on Amiloride
Commentary on Amiloride	Blogs on Amiloride
Patient Resources on Amiloride	Patient resources on Amiloride • Discussion groups on Amiloride • Patient Handouts on Amiloride • Directions to Hospitals Treating Amiloride • Risk calculators and risk factors for Amiloride
Healthcare Provider Resources on Amiloride	Symptoms of Amiloride • Causes & Risk Factors for Amiloride • Diagnostic studies for Amiloride • Treatment of Amiloride
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Amiloride	CME Programs on Amiloride
International Resources on Amiloride	Amiloride en Espanol • Amiloride en Francais
Business Resources on Amiloride	Amiloride in the Marketplace • Patents on Amiloride
Informatics Resources on Amiloride	List of terms related to Amiloride

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .