Hypochloremia

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Hypochloremia Classification and external resources
ICD-10	E87.8
ICD-9	276.9

WikiDoc Resources for Hypochloremia
Articles
Most recent articles on Hypochloremia Most cited articles on Hypochloremia Review articles on Hypochloremia Articles on Hypochloremia in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Hypochloremia Images of Hypochloremia Photos of Hypochloremia Podcasts & MP3s on Hypochloremia Videos on Hypochloremia
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Hypochloremia Bandolier on Hypochloremia TRIP on Hypochloremia
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Hypochloremia at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Hypochloremia Clinical Trials on Hypochloremia at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hypochloremia NICE Guidance on Hypochloremia NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Hypochloremia CDC on Hypochloremia
Books
Books on Hypochloremia
News
Hypochloremia in the news Be alerted to news on Hypochloremia News trends on Hypochloremia
Commentary
Blogs on Hypochloremia
Definitions
Definitions of Hypochloremia
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Hypochloremia Discussion groups on Hypochloremia Patient Handouts on Hypochloremia Directions to Hospitals Treating Hypochloremia Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypochloremia
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Hypochloremia Causes & Risk Factors for Hypochloremia Diagnostic studies for Hypochloremia Treatment of Hypochloremia
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Hypochloremia
International
Hypochloremia en Espanol Hypochloremia en Francais
Business
Hypochloremia in the Marketplace Patents on Hypochloremia
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Hypochloremia

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Overview

Hypochloremia (or Hypochloraemia) is an electrolyte disturbance whereby there is an abnormally depleted level of the chloride ion in the blood. It rarely occurs in the absence of other abnormalities. If it occurs together with metabolic alkalosis (decreased blood acidity) it is often due to vomiting.

Normal values of Chloride: 99-111 mEq/L (99-111 mmol/L)

Primary anion of extracellular fluid compartment; aids in maintenance of acid-base balance.

Causes

Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Hypochloremia

In alphabetical order ^{[1] [2]}

• ACTH-secreting tumors
• Adrenal insufficiency
• Bulimia nervosa
• Burns
• Congestive heart failure
• Cushing's syndrome
• Diabetic coma
• Diarrhea
• Drugs
• Excessive sweating
• Gastric suction
• Hyperaldosteronism
• Hyponatremia
• Overconsumption of licorice
• Pseudohyponatremia
• Renal failure
• Respiratory losses
• Salt-losing nephritis
• Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
• Vomiting

Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Hypochloremia

(By organ system)

Cardiovascular	Congestive heart failure
Chemical / poisoning	Drugs
Dermatologic	Excessive sweating
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	ACTH-secreting tumors, Adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, Diabetic coma, Hyperaldosteronism, Hyponatremia, Pseudohyponatremia, Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Bulimia nervosa, Diarrhea, Gastric suction, Vomiting
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	Excessive sweating
Nutritional / Metabolic	Overconsumption of licorice
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	ACTH-secreting tumors
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Drugs
Psychiatric	Bulimia nervosa
Pulmonary	Respiratory losses
Renal / Electrolyte	Hyponatremia, Renal failure, Salt-losing nephritis
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Burns
Urologic	Renal failure
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

References

External links

• FP Notebook

v • d • e Water-electrolyte imbalance and acid-base imbalance (E86-E87, 276)
Volume status	Dehydration/Hypervolemia - Hypovolemia
Electrolyte	Na+ Hypernatremia/Hyponatremia K+ Hyperkalemia/Hypokalemia Cl− Hyperchloremia/Hypochloremia
Acid-base	Acidosis: Metabolic - Respiratory - Lactic - Ketosis Alkalosis: Metabolic, Respiratory Mixed disorder of acid-base balance

v • d • e Metabolic pathology / Inborn error of metabolism (E70-90, 270-279)
Amino acid	Aromatic (Phenylketonuria, Alkaptonuria, Ochronosis, Tyrosinemia, Albinism, Histidinemia) - Branched chain (Maple syrup urine disease, Propionic acidemia, Methylmalonic acidemia, Isovaleric acidemia, 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency) - Transport (Cystinuria, Cystinosis, Hartnup disease, Fanconi syndrome, Oculocerebrorenal syndrome) - Sulfur (Homocystinuria, Cystathioninuria) - Urea cycle disorder (N-Acetylglutamate synthase deficiency, Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I deficiency, Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, Citrullinemia, Argininosuccinic aciduria, Hyperammonemia) - Glutaric acidemia type 1 - Sarcosinemia
Carbohydrate	Lactose intolerance - Glycogen storage disease (type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII) - fructose metabolism (Fructose intolerance, Fructose bisphosphatase deficiency, Essential fructosuria) - galactose metabolism (Galactosemia, Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase galactosemia, Galactokinase deficiency) - other intestinal carbohydrate absorption (Glucose-galactose malabsorption, Sucrose intolerance) - pyruvate metabolism and gluconeogenesis (PCD, PDHA) - Pentosuria - Renal glycosuria
Lipid storage	Sphingolipidoses/Gangliosidoses: GM2 gangliosidoses (Sandhoff disease, Tay-Sachs disease) - GM1 gangliosidoses - Mucolipidosis type IV - Gaucher's disease - Niemann-Pick disease - Farber disease - Fabry's disease - Metachromatic leukodystrophy - Krabbe disease Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten disease) - Cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis - Cholesteryl ester storage disease (Wolman disease)
Other lipid	Lipoprotein/lipidemias: Hyperlipidemia - Hypercholesterolemia - Familial hypercholesterolemia - Xanthoma - Combined hyperlipidemia - Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency - Tangier disease - Abetalipoproteinemia Fatty acid: Adrenoleukodystrophy - Carnitine (Primary, I, II)
Mineral	Cu Wilson's disease/Menkes disease - Fe Haemochromatosis - Zn Acrodermatitis enteropathica - PO43− Hypophosphatemia/Hypophosphatasia - Mg2+ Hypermagnesemia/Hypomagnesemia - Ca2+ Hypercalcaemia/Hypocalcaemia/Disorders of calcium metabolism
Fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance	Electrolyte disturbance - Na+ Hypernatremia/Hyponatremia - Acidosis (Metabolic, Respiratory, Lactic) - Alkalosis (Metabolic, Respiratory) - Mixed disorder of acid-base balance - H2O Dehydration/Hypervolemia - K+ Hypokalemia/Hyperkalemia - Cl− Hyperchloremia/Hypochloremia
Purine and pyrimidine	Hyperuricemia - Lesch-Nyhan syndrome - Xanthinuria
Porphyrin	Acute intermittent, Gunther's, Cutanea tarda, Erythropoietic, Hepatoerythropoietic, Hereditary copro-, Variegate
Bilirubin	Unconjugated (Gilbert's syndrome, Crigler-Najjar syndrome) - Conjugated (Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Rotor syndrome)
Glycosaminoglycan	Mucopolysaccharidosis - 1:Hurler/Hunter - 3:Sanfilippo - 4:Morquio - 6:Maroteaux-Lamy - 7:Sly
Glycoprotein	Mucolipidosis - I-cell disease - Pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy - Aspartylglucosaminuria - Fucosidosis - Alpha-mannosidosis - Sialidosis
Other	Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency - Cystic fibrosis - Amyloidosis (Familial Mediterranean fever) - Acatalasia

v • d • e Health Science · Medicine · Medical specialities · Intensive care medicine / Critical care medicine and Critical care nursing
General terms	Intensive care unit (ICU) · Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) · Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) · Coronary care unit (CCU) · Critical illness insurance
Conditions	Organ system failure Acute renal failure · Acute respiratory distress syndrome · Acute liver failure · Cardiogenic shock · Coma · Distributive shock · Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome · Polytrauma · Respiratory failure · Sepsis · Septic shock · Shock · Systemic inflammatory response syndrome Complications Critical illness polyneuropathy / myopathy · Critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency · Decubitus ulcers · Fungemia · Stress hyperglycemia · Stress ulcer Iatrogenesis Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus · Oxygen toxicity · Refeeding syndrome · Ventilator-associated lung injury · Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Diagnosis	Arterial blood gas · Arterial catheter · Blood cultures · Central venous catheter · Pulmonary artery catheter · Screening cultures
Life supporting treatments	Airway management · Chest tube · Dialysis · Enteral feeding · Goal-directed therapy · Induced coma · Mechanical ventilation · Therapeutic hypothermia · Total parenteral nutrition
Drugs	Analgesics · Antibiotics · Antithrombotics · Inotropes · Intravenous fluids · Neuromuscular-blocking drugs · Recombinant activated protein C · Sedatives · Stress ulcer prevention drugs · Vasopressors
ICU scoring systems	APACHE II · Glasgow Coma Scale · PIM2 · SAPS II · SAPS III · SOFA
Organisations	Society of Critical Care Medicine · Surviving Sepsis Campaign
Related specialties	Anesthesia · Cardiology · Internal medicine · Neurology · Pediatrics · Pulmonology · Surgery · Traumatology

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Hypochloremia
Articles on Hypochloremia	Most recent articles on Hypochloremia • Most cited articles on Hypochloremia • Review articles on Hypochloremia • Articles on Hypochloremia in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Hypochloremia	Powerpoint slides on Hypochloremia • Images of Hypochloremia • Photos of Hypochloremia • Podcasts & MP3s on Hypochloremia • Videos on Hypochloremia
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Hypochloremia	Cochrane Collaboration on Hypochloremia • Bandolier on Hypochloremia • TRIP on Hypochloremia
Cost Effectiveness of Hypochloremia	Cost Effectiveness of Hypochloremia
Clinical Trials Involving Hypochloremia	Ongoing Trials on Hypochloremia at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Hypochloremia • Clinical Trials on Hypochloremia at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Hypochloremia	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hypochloremia • NICE Guidance on Hypochloremia • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Hypochloremia • CDC on Hypochloremia
Textbook Information on Hypochloremia	Books and Textbook Information on Hypochloremia
Pharmacology Resources on Hypochloremia	Dosing of Hypochloremia • Drug interactions with Hypochloremia • Side effects of Hypochloremia • Allergic reactions to Hypochloremia • Overdose information on Hypochloremia • Carcinogenicity information on Hypochloremia • Hypochloremia in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Hypochloremia •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Hypochloremia	Genetics of Hypochloremia • Pharmacogenomics of Hypochloremia • Proteomics of Hypochloremia
Newstories on Hypochloremia	Hypochloremia in the news • Be alerted to news on Hypochloremia • News trends on Hypochloremia
Commentary on Hypochloremia	Blogs on Hypochloremia
Patient Resources on Hypochloremia	Patient resources on Hypochloremia • Discussion groups on Hypochloremia • Patient Handouts on Hypochloremia • Directions to Hospitals Treating Hypochloremia • Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypochloremia
Healthcare Provider Resources on Hypochloremia	Symptoms of Hypochloremia • Causes & Risk Factors for Hypochloremia • Diagnostic studies for Hypochloremia • Treatment of Hypochloremia
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Hypochloremia	CME Programs on Hypochloremia
International Resources on Hypochloremia	Hypochloremia en Espanol • Hypochloremia en Francais
Business Resources on Hypochloremia	Hypochloremia in the Marketplace • Patents on Hypochloremia
Informatics Resources on Hypochloremia	List of terms related to Hypochloremia