Sexcord/ stromal ovarian tumors epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== | ===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== | ||
*The [[mortality rate]] has gradually been declining from1976 (10.0 per 100,000) and 2015 (6.7 per 100,000) by 33%<ref name="pmid29809280">{{cite journal |vauthors=Torre LA, Trabert B, DeSantis CE, Miller KD, Samimi G, Runowicz CD, Gaudet MM, Jemal A, Siegel RL |title=Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=284–296 |date=July 2018 |pmid=29809280 |doi=10.3322/caac.21456 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26086565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sopik V, Rosen B, Giannakeas V, Narod SA |title=Why have ovarian cancer mortality rates declined? Part III. Prospects for the future |journal=Gynecol. Oncol. |volume=138 |issue=3 |pages=757–61 |date=September 2015 |pmid=26086565 |doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.019 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26080287">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sopik V, Iqbal J, Rosen B, Narod SA |title=Why have ovarian cancer mortality rates declined? Part I. Incidence |journal=Gynecol. Oncol. |volume=138 |issue=3 |pages=741–9 |date=September 2015 |pmid=26080287 |doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.017 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26080288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sopik V, Iqbal J, Rosen B, Narod SA |title=Why have ovarian cancer mortality rates declined? Part II. Case-fatality |journal=Gynecol. Oncol. |volume=138 |issue=3 |pages=750–6 |date=September 2015 |pmid=26080288 |doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.016 |url=}}</ref> | *The [[mortality rate]] has gradually been declining from1976 (10.0 per 100,000) and 2015 (6.7 per 100,000) by 33%<ref name="pmid29809280">{{cite journal |vauthors=Torre LA, Trabert B, DeSantis CE, Miller KD, Samimi G, Runowicz CD, Gaudet MM, Jemal A, Siegel RL |title=Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018 |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=68 |issue=4 |pages=284–296 |date=July 2018 |pmid=29809280 |doi=10.3322/caac.21456 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26086565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sopik V, Rosen B, Giannakeas V, Narod SA |title=Why have ovarian cancer mortality rates declined? Part III. Prospects for the future |journal=Gynecol. Oncol. |volume=138 |issue=3 |pages=757–61 |date=September 2015 |pmid=26086565 |doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.019 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26080287">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sopik V, Iqbal J, Rosen B, Narod SA |title=Why have ovarian cancer mortality rates declined? Part I. Incidence |journal=Gynecol. Oncol. |volume=138 |issue=3 |pages=741–9 |date=September 2015 |pmid=26080287 |doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.017 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26080288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sopik V, Iqbal J, Rosen B, Narod SA |title=Why have ovarian cancer mortality rates declined? Part II. Case-fatality |journal=Gynecol. Oncol. |volume=138 |issue=3 |pages=750–6 |date=September 2015 |pmid=26080288 |doi=10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.016 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Improvements in either early detection or in [[Treatment groups|treatment]] did not contribute to the decline in [[mortality]] because there was no reduction in [[ovarian cancer]] [[Case-fatality rate|case-fatality]] at 12 years | *Improvements in either early [[Detection and Diagnosis in Adulthood|detection]] or in [[Treatment groups|treatment]] did not contribute to the decline in [[mortality]] because there was no reduction in [[ovarian cancer]] [[Case-fatality rate|case-fatality]] at 12 years | ||
*A decline in the [[incidence rate]] of [[ovarian cancer]] parallels the decline in mortality which in turn may be due to a decreased proportion of ovarian cancer patients who die from their cancer (case-fatality) | *A decline in the [[incidence rate]] of [[ovarian cancer]] parallels the decline in [[mortality]] which in turn may be due to a decreased [[Proportionality (mathematics)|proportion]] of [[ovarian cancer]] [[patients]] who [[Died|die]] from their [[cancer]] ([[Case fatality|case-fatality]]) | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
The age at presentation varies depending on the subtypes of sexcord-stromal ovarian tumors:<ref name="pmid26054417">{{cite journal |vauthors=Horta M, Cunha TM |title=Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary: a comprehensive review and update for radiologists |journal=Diagn Interv Radiol |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=277–86 |date=2015 |pmid=26054417 |pmc=4498422 |doi=10.5152/dir.2015.34414 |url=}}</ref> | The [[age]] at presentation varies depending on the subtypes of sexcord-stromal ovarian tumors:<ref name="pmid26054417">{{cite journal |vauthors=Horta M, Cunha TM |title=Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary: a comprehensive review and update for radiologists |journal=Diagn Interv Radiol |volume=21 |issue=4 |pages=277–86 |date=2015 |pmid=26054417 |pmc=4498422 |doi=10.5152/dir.2015.34414 |url=}}</ref> | ||
'''Fibromas''': | '''[[Fibroma|Fibromas]]''': | ||
*Although they can present at any age, the mean age of occurrence is in the late forties | *Although they can present at any [[age]], the [[mean]] [[age]] of occurrence is in the late forties | ||
'''Thecomas''': | '''[[Thecoma|Thecomas]]''': | ||
*They are more likely to occur in postmenopausal women | *They are more likely to occur in [[postmenopausal]] [[women]] | ||
'''Sclerosing stromal tumor'''(SSTs): | '''Sclerosing stromal tumor'''(SSTs): | ||
*SSTs are more likely to occur in young women | *SSTs are more likely to occur in [[Young adult|young]] [[women]] | ||
*Approximately 80% of the reported cases are under 30 years of age | *Approximately 80% of the reported cases are under 30 years of age | ||
*A few cases have been reported in premenarchal girls, although SSTs most commonly occur after menarche | *A few cases have been reported in premenarchal girls, although SSTs most commonly occur after menarche |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors are very uncommon neoplasms that represent only 7% of all ovarian tumors[1][2][3][4]
- The yearly adjusted incidence rate is approximately 2 per 1,000,000 women for sexcord-stromal ovarian tumors(SCSTs)
- Overall ovarian cancer incidence shows declining trends from 1985 (16.6 per 100,000) to 2014 (11.8 per 100,000) by 29%
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The mortality rate has gradually been declining from1976 (10.0 per 100,000) and 2015 (6.7 per 100,000) by 33%[3][5][6][7]
- Improvements in either early detection or in treatment did not contribute to the decline in mortality because there was no reduction in ovarian cancer case-fatality at 12 years
- A decline in the incidence rate of ovarian cancer parallels the decline in mortality which in turn may be due to a decreased proportion of ovarian cancer patients who die from their cancer (case-fatality)
Age
The age at presentation varies depending on the subtypes of sexcord-stromal ovarian tumors:[8]
- They are more likely to occur in postmenopausal women
Sclerosing stromal tumor(SSTs):
- SSTs are more likely to occur in young women
- Approximately 80% of the reported cases are under 30 years of age
- A few cases have been reported in premenarchal girls, although SSTs most commonly occur after menarche
Steroid cell tumors:
- The average age of presentation is 43 years
Adult and juvenile granulosa cell tumors:
- The incidence of adult granulosa cell tumors peaks in early postmenopausal women
- The juvenile form occurs predominantly in children and young women (<30 years)
Race
- Racial predilection do exist for sexcord-stromal ovarian tumors[2][9]
- Racial differences in incidence and mortality within the United States are similar to the observed international variation
- Sexcord-stromal ovarian tumors(SCSTs) have more predilection in women of Caucasian background
- Rates are highest among Whites, intermediate for Hispanics, and lowest among Blacks, and Asian people
Developed Countries versus Developing countries
- The incidence and mortality has gradually declined since the 1990s in most developed countries, largely including North America and Europe
- Intrestingly there has been increases in incidence and mortality rates in less developed countries with recent economic growth and lifestyle changes
- In China, this increase is obvious only among rural women rather than those in more developed urban areas
References
- ↑ Reid BM, Permuth JB, Sellers TA (February 2017). "Epidemiology of ovarian cancer: a review". Cancer Biol Med. 14 (1): 9–32. doi:10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0084. PMC 5365187. PMID 28443200.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Boussios S, Zarkavelis G, Seraj E, Zerdes I, Tatsi K, Pentheroudakis G (October 2016). "Non-epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Elucidating Uncommon Gynaecological Malignancies". Anticancer Res. 36 (10): 5031–5042. doi:10.21873/anticanres.11072. PMID 27798862.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Torre LA, Trabert B, DeSantis CE, Miller KD, Samimi G, Runowicz CD, Gaudet MM, Jemal A, Siegel RL (July 2018). "Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018". CA Cancer J Clin. 68 (4): 284–296. doi:10.3322/caac.21456. PMID 29809280.
- ↑ Lowe KA, Chia VM, Taylor A, O'Malley C, Kelsh M, Mohamed M, Mowat FS, Goff B (July 2013). "An international assessment of ovarian cancer incidence and mortality". Gynecol. Oncol. 130 (1): 107–14. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.03.026. PMID 23558050.
- ↑ Sopik V, Rosen B, Giannakeas V, Narod SA (September 2015). "Why have ovarian cancer mortality rates declined? Part III. Prospects for the future". Gynecol. Oncol. 138 (3): 757–61. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.019. PMID 26086565.
- ↑ Sopik V, Iqbal J, Rosen B, Narod SA (September 2015). "Why have ovarian cancer mortality rates declined? Part I. Incidence". Gynecol. Oncol. 138 (3): 741–9. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.017. PMID 26080287.
- ↑ Sopik V, Iqbal J, Rosen B, Narod SA (September 2015). "Why have ovarian cancer mortality rates declined? Part II. Case-fatality". Gynecol. Oncol. 138 (3): 750–6. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.06.016. PMID 26080288.
- ↑ Horta M, Cunha TM (2015). "Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary: a comprehensive review and update for radiologists". Diagn Interv Radiol. 21 (4): 277–86. doi:10.5152/dir.2015.34414. PMC 4498422. PMID 26054417.
- ↑ Anteby SO, Mor Yosef S, Schenker JG (1983). "Ovarian cancer. Geographical, host and environmental factors. An overview". Arch. Gynecol. 234 (2): 137–48. PMID 6364995.