Sandbox: Gertrude: Difference between revisions

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! rowspan="6" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Bacterial lymphadenopathy
! rowspan="6" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Bacterial]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Tularemia
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Tularemia
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|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Cat-scratch disease<ref name="urlCat-Scratch Disease in the United States, 2005–2013 - Volume 22, Number 10—October 2016 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC">{{cite web |url=https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/10/16-0115_article |title=Cat-Scratch Disease in the United States, 2005–2013 - Volume 22, Number 10—October 2016 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="HansmannDeMartino2005">{{cite journal|last1=Hansmann|first1=Y.|last2=DeMartino|first2=S.|last3=Piemont|first3=Y.|last4=Meyer|first4=N.|last5=Mariet|first5=P.|last6=Heller|first6=R.|last7=Christmann|first7=D.|last8=Jaulhac|first8=B.|title=Diagnosis of Cat Scratch Disease with Detection of Bartonella henselae by PCR: a Study of Patients with Lymph Node Enlargement|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|volume=43|issue=8|year=2005|pages=3800–3806|issn=0095-1137|doi=10.1128/JCM.43.8.3800-3806.2005}}</ref>
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Cat-scratch disease]]<ref name="urlCat-Scratch Disease in the United States, 2005–2013 - Volume 22, Number 10—October 2016 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC">{{cite web |url=https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/10/16-0115_article |title=Cat-Scratch Disease in the United States, 2005–2013 - Volume 22, Number 10—October 2016 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="HansmannDeMartino2005">{{cite journal|last1=Hansmann|first1=Y.|last2=DeMartino|first2=S.|last3=Piemont|first3=Y.|last4=Meyer|first4=N.|last5=Mariet|first5=P.|last6=Heller|first6=R.|last7=Christmann|first7=D.|last8=Jaulhac|first8=B.|title=Diagnosis of Cat Scratch Disease with Detection of Bartonella henselae by PCR: a Study of Patients with Lymph Node Enlargement|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|volume=43|issue=8|year=2005|pages=3800–3806|issn=0095-1137|doi=10.1128/JCM.43.8.3800-3806.2005}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* More common in the Southern of U.S among children and young adults.
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* More common in the Southern of U.S among [[children]] and young adults.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Cat exposure
* Cat exposure


* Fever
* [[Fever]]


* Fatigue
* [[Fatigue]]


* headache
* [[Headache]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Tender cervical nodes
* Tender [[cervical]] [[Lymph node|nodes]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Vesicular
* [[Vesicular]]


* Erythema   
* [[Erythema]]  
* Papule at site of inoculation
* [[Papule]] at site of inoculation
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑ESR
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Serology: + antibody to Bartonella Henselae
* ↑ [[ESR]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Satellite micro-abscess with granuloma
[[Serology]]:  
* + [[antibody]] to [[Bartonella]] Henselae
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Satellite [[micro]]-[[abscess]] with [[granuloma]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Bacillary Angiomatosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Bacillary Peliosis
* [[Bacillary angiomatosis|Bacillary]] [[Angiomatosis]]
 
* [[Bacillary angiomatosis|Bacillary]] Peliosis
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Actinomycosis<ref name="pmid25045274">{{cite journal |vauthors=Valour F, Sénéchal A, Dupieux C, Karsenty J, Lustig S, Breton P, Gleizal A, Boussel L, Laurent F, Braun E, Chidiac C, Ader F, Ferry T |title=Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management |journal=Infect Drug Resist |volume=7 |issue= |pages=183–97 |date=2014 |pmid=25045274 |pmc=4094581 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S39601 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27311002">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bonnefond S, Catroux M, Melenotte C, Karkowski L, Rolland L, Trouillier S, Raffray L |title=Clinical features of actinomycosis: A retrospective, multicenter study of 28 cases of miscellaneous presentations |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=95 |issue=24 |pages=e3923 |date=June 2016 |pmid=27311002 |pmc=4998488 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000003923 |url=}}</ref>  
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Actinomycosis]]<ref name="pmid25045274">{{cite journal |vauthors=Valour F, Sénéchal A, Dupieux C, Karsenty J, Lustig S, Breton P, Gleizal A, Boussel L, Laurent F, Braun E, Chidiac C, Ader F, Ferry T |title=Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management |journal=Infect Drug Resist |volume=7 |issue= |pages=183–97 |date=2014 |pmid=25045274 |pmc=4094581 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S39601 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27311002">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bonnefond S, Catroux M, Melenotte C, Karkowski L, Rolland L, Trouillier S, Raffray L |title=Clinical features of actinomycosis: A retrospective, multicenter study of 28 cases of miscellaneous presentations |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=95 |issue=24 |pages=e3923 |date=June 2016 |pmid=27311002 |pmc=4998488 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000003923 |url=}}</ref>  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* No predilection in race, age
* No predilection in [[race]], [[age]]


* Male to female ratio : 1.5 to 3:1
* [[Male]] to [[female]] ratio : 1.5 to 3:1
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* History of dental procedure or trauma
* History of [[dental]] [[procedure]] or [[trauma]]


* Poor oral hygiene
* Poor [[oral]] [[hygiene]]


* Swelling mandible
* [[Swelling]] [[mandible]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
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* Tender at the beginning   
* Tender at the beginning   


* Painless
* [[Painless]]


* Fluctuant
* Fluctuant
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* Non-tender at late stage
* Non-tender at late stage
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Reddish
* Red


* Bluish
* Blue
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑ESR
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
↑CRP
* ↑ [[ESR]]


Gram stains: Gram + filamentous rods
* ↑ [[CRP]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Sulfur granules
[[Gram stain|Gram stains]]:
Filamentous organism
* [[Gram positive bacteria|Gram positive filamentous rods]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Sulfur|Sulfur granules]]
 
* [[Filamentous]] [[organism]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Histological examination
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Bacterial culture of the abcess
* [[Histological]] [[examination]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |mandible osteomyelitis  
 
* [[Bacterial]] [[culture]] of the [[abscess]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Mandible]] [[osteomyelitis]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Mycobacterial infections<ref name="pmid24753638">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9241478">{{cite journal |vauthors=Suskind DL, Handler SD, Tom LW, Potsic WP, Wetmore RF |title=Nontuberculous mycobacterial cervical adenitis |journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila) |volume=36 |issue=7 |pages=403–9 |date=July 1997 |pmid=9241478 |doi=10.1177/000992289703600705 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12614730">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drobniewski FA, Caws M, Gibson A, Young D |title=Modern laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=141–7 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12614730 |doi= |url=}}</ref>  
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Mycobacterial infection|Mycobacterial infections]]<ref name="pmid24753638">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9241478">{{cite journal |vauthors=Suskind DL, Handler SD, Tom LW, Potsic WP, Wetmore RF |title=Nontuberculous mycobacterial cervical adenitis |journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila) |volume=36 |issue=7 |pages=403–9 |date=July 1997 |pmid=9241478 |doi=10.1177/000992289703600705 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12614730">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drobniewski FA, Caws M, Gibson A, Young D |title=Modern laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=141–7 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12614730 |doi= |url=}}</ref>  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* More common in adults and children in endemic continent such as African
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Recent travel to endemic regions
* More common in adults and [[children]] in [[endemic]] continent such as Africa
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Recent travel to [[endemic]] regions


* Exposure to TB patients
* Exposure to [[Tuberculosis|TB]] [[patients]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Matted cervical nodes
* Matted [[cervical]]  [[Lymph node|nodes]]


* Firm
* Firm
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* Non-tender
* Non-tender
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Indurated
* [[Induration|Indurated]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |PPD: +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Sputum smear: presence of acid fast bacilli
* [[PPD-tuberculin skin test|PPD]]: +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Chronic necrotizing caseating calcified granuloma  
[[Sputum]] [[Smear test|smear]]:  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Neck Ultrasound: Multiple lymph nodes
* Presence of [[Acid fast|acid fast bacilli]]
Fusion tendency
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Chronic [[necrotizing]] [[caseating]] [[Calcification|calcified]] [[granuloma]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Ultrasound|Neck Ultrasound]]: Multiple [[lymph nodes]]


Internal echoes
* Fusion tendency


| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Culture for mycobacteria
* Internal echoes
 
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Mycobacteria|Culture for mycobacteria]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Streptococcal infection<ref name="pmid247536382">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19450346">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kenealy T |title=Sore throat |journal=BMJ Clin Evid |volume=2007 |issue= |pages= |date=November 2007 |pmid=19450346 |pmc=2943825 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Streptococcal infection]]<ref name="pmid247536382">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19450346">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kenealy T |title=Sore throat |journal=BMJ Clin Evid |volume=2007 |issue= |pages= |date=November 2007 |pmid=19450346 |pmc=2943825 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* More common in children and adolescents
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Fever
* More common in [[children]] and [[Adolescent|adolescents]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Fever]]


* Absence of cough
* Absence of [[cough]]


* Difficulty swallowing
* Difficulty [[swallowing]]


* Swollen pharynx
* [[Swelling|Swollen]] [[pharynx]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Tender anterior cervical nodes
* Tender [[anterior]] cervical nodes
* Tonsillar exudates
* [[Tonsillar Disease|Tonsillar]] exudates
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Rapid antigen detection tests: +/-
* Rapid [[antigen]] detection [[Test|tests]]: +/-
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Follicular hyperplasia
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells
* Follicular [[hyperplasia]]
 
* [[Infiltration (medical)|Infiltration]] of [[Polymorphonuclear cells|polymorphonuclear]] [[cells]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Throat culture
* [[Throat culture]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Acute rheumatic fever
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Acute rheumatic fever]]


Post-streptoccocal glomerulonephritis
* [[Glomerulonephritis|Post-streptoccocal glomerulonephritis]]
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Parasitic lymphadenopathy
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Parasitic|Parasitic lymphadenopathy]]
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Toxoplasma gondii<ref name="pmid20512900">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kumar GG, Mahadevan A, Guruprasad AS, Kovoor JM, Satishchandra P, Nath A, Ranga U, Shankar SK |title=Eccentric target sign in cerebral toxoplasmosis: neuropathological correlate to the imaging feature |journal=J Magn Reson Imaging |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=1469–72 |date=June 2010 |pmid=20512900 |pmc=2908244 |doi=10.1002/jmri.22192 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlCDC - Toxoplasmosis - Diagnosis">{{cite web |url=+https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/diagnosis.html |title=CDC - Toxoplasmosis - Diagnosis |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Toxoplasma gondii]]<ref name="pmid20512900">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kumar GG, Mahadevan A, Guruprasad AS, Kovoor JM, Satishchandra P, Nath A, Ranga U, Shankar SK |title=Eccentric target sign in cerebral toxoplasmosis: neuropathological correlate to the imaging feature |journal=J Magn Reson Imaging |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=1469–72 |date=June 2010 |pmid=20512900 |pmc=2908244 |doi=10.1002/jmri.22192 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlCDC - Toxoplasmosis - Diagnosis">{{cite web |url=+https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/diagnosis.html |title=CDC - Toxoplasmosis - Diagnosis |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* 6 years and older adults are more affected in U.S.
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* 6 years old and older adults are more affected in U.S.


* Seen in Hot climates
* Seen in Hot climates
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Cats or birds feces exposure
* [[Cat-scratch|Cats]] or birds [[feces]] exposure


* Drinking unpasteurized milk
* Drinking [[unpasteurized milk]]


* Undercooked food
* Undercooked food


* Organ transplant recipients
* [[Organ (anatomy)|Organ]] [[Organ transplant|transplant]] recipients
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
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| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Serology : + IgG and IgM
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
antibodies
* [[Serology]] :  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Follicular hyperplasia
+ [[IgG]] and [[IgM]] [[antibodies]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |MRI:  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
Multiple rings enhanced lesions  
* Follicular [[hyperplasia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Serology
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[MRI]]:
Immunofluorescence
* Multiple rings enhanced [[lesions]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Serology]]


MRI
* [[Immunofluorescence]]
 
[[MRI]]
CT scan
* [[CT scan]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Sarcoidosis<ref name="urlSarcoidosis | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/sarcoidosis |title=Sarcoidosis &#124; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28059621">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abdel Razek AAK, Mukherji S |title=Imaging of sialadenitis |journal=Neuroradiol J |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=205–215 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28059621 |pmc=5480791 |doi=10.1177/1971400916682752 |url=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sarcoidosis]]<ref name="urlSarcoidosis | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/sarcoidosis |title=Sarcoidosis &#124; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28059621">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abdel Razek AAK, Mukherji S |title=Imaging of sialadenitis |journal=Neuroradiol J |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=205–215 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28059621 |pmc=5480791 |doi=10.1177/1971400916682752 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* More common in African American women aged 20 - 40 years.
* More common in African American women aged 20 - 40 years.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Family history of sarcodosis,
* [[Family]] history of [[sarcoidosis]]
* [[Fatigue]]


* Fatigue
* [[Swelling]] and [[pain]] in the [[joints]]
 
* Swelling and pain in the joints,
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Bilateral
* Bilateral
tender LAD
tender [[lymph nodes]]
* Swollen
* [[Swelling|Swollen]]


* Non-tender parotid glands
* Non-tender [[parotid glands]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Erythema nodosum,
* [[Erythema nodosum]]


* Lupus pernios
* [[Lupus]] pernios
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑ESR
↑ACE
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Non-necrotizing epithelioid granuloma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |CXR: B/L hilar adenopathy
MRI: B/L multiples enlarged cervical lymph nodes
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Biopsy
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Heerfordt's syndrome: uveitis, facial nerve paralysis, parotitis
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Amyloidosis
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Men are more affected than women.
* ↑ [[ESR]]


* Mean age: 55-60 years old
* ↑ [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|ACE]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Necrotizing|Non-necrotizing]] [[epithelioid]] [[granuloma]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[CXR]]: B/L [[hilar]] [[adenopathy]]
* [[MRI]]: B/L multiples enlarged [[cervical lymph nodes]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Biopsy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Heerfordt's syndrome: [[uveitis]], facial nerve paralysis, [[parotitis]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sjögren's syndrome|Sjögren syndrome]]<ref name="pmid24566651">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mavragani CP, Moutsopoulos HM |title=Sjögren syndrome |journal=CMAJ |volume=186 |issue=15 |pages=E579–86 |date=October 2014 |pmid=24566651 |pmc=4203623 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.122037 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Female]] to [[male]] ratio: 9 to 1
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Biopsy
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Sjögren syndrome<ref name="pmid24566651">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mavragani CP, Moutsopoulos HM |title=Sjögren syndrome |journal=CMAJ |volume=186 |issue=15 |pages=E579–86 |date=October 2014 |pmid=24566651 |pmc=4203623 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.122037 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Female to male ratio: 9 to 1


* May happen at any age
* May happen at any [[age]]


* Mean age: 40-50
* Mean age: 40-50
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* History of RA, SLE, and non-hodgkin B-cell lymphoma.
* History of [[RA]], [[SLE]], and non-hodgkin B-cell lymphoma.


* Dry mouth, dry eyes.
* Dry [[mouth]], dry [[eyes]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
Line 581: Line 600:
* Firm,
* Firm,


* B/L enlarged parotid glands
* B/L enlarged [[parotid glands]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Itchy
* [[Pruritis]]
 
* [[Rashes]]
* Rashes


* Dry
* Dry
Line 591: Line 609:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* ↑ ESR
* [[ESR|↑ ESR]]


* Anti-SSA/Ro: +
* Anti-SSA/Ro: +
Line 597: Line 615:
* Anti-SSB/La: +
* Anti-SSB/La: +


* Cytopenia
* [[Cytopenia]]
* Wetting <5 mm on [[Schirmer's test]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Hyperactivity]] of [[B]] [[cells]] and [[lymphocytes]] which lead to [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] of the [[exocrine glands]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Hyperactivity of B cells and lymphocytes which lead to infiltration of the exocrine glands.
* [[Ultrasound|US]]: Hypoechoic and inhomogeneous [[salivary glands]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Biopsy
* [[Biopsy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Castleman disease (angiofollicular lymphoproliferative disease)<ref name="pmid22791417">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dispenzieri A, Armitage JO, Loe MJ, Geyer SM, Allred J, Camoriano JK, Menke DM, Weisenburger DD, Ristow K, Dogan A, Habermann TM |title=The clinical spectrum of Castleman's disease |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=87 |issue=11 |pages=997–1002 |date=November 2012 |pmid=22791417 |pmc=3900496 |doi=10.1002/ajh.23291 |url=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Castleman's disease|Castleman disease]] ([[Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia|angiofollicular lymphoproliferative disease]])<ref name="pmid22791417">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dispenzieri A, Armitage JO, Loe MJ, Geyer SM, Allred J, Camoriano JK, Menke DM, Weisenburger DD, Ristow K, Dogan A, Habermann TM |title=The clinical spectrum of Castleman's disease |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=87 |issue=11 |pages=997–1002 |date=November 2012 |pmid=22791417 |pmc=3900496 |doi=10.1002/ajh.23291 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23071471">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saeed-Abdul-Rahman I, Al-Amri AM |title=Castleman disease |journal=Korean J Hematol |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=163–77 |date=September 2012 |pmid=23071471 |pmc=3464333 |doi=10.5045/kjh.2012.47.3.163 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mean age: 30-40 years
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Mean [[age]]: 30-40 years
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Asymptomatic]] at early onset
* B-symptoms
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Non tender [[Cervical|cervical node]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Papule]]
* Cherry hemangiomata
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* ↑ [[ESR]]
* ↑ [[CRP]]
* [[Anemia]]
* [[Polyclonal]] [[hypergammaglobulinemia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Hyaline]] [[vascular]] variant
* [[Plasma]] [[cell]] variant
* Mixed variant
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[CT scan]] of [[thorax]]
* [[Matted]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
* [[Solitary]], [[noninvasive]] [[mass]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Biopsy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
* HHSV-8
* Kaposi Sarcoma
* [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|Non-hodgkin lymphoma]]
* [[POEMS syndrome]]
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Kikuchi disease]] ([[histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis]])<ref name="pmid16722618">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bosch X, Guilabert A |title=Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease |journal=Orphanet J Rare Dis |volume=1 |issue= |pages=18 |date=May 2006 |pmid=16722618 |pmc=1481509 |doi=10.1186/1750-1172-1-18 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Biopsy
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kikuchi disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis)<ref name="pmid16722618">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bosch X, Guilabert A |title=Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease |journal=Orphanet J Rare Dis |volume=1 |issue= |pages=18 |date=May 2006 |pmid=16722618 |pmc=1481509 |doi=10.1186/1750-1172-1-18 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* High prevalence in Japan
* High [[prevalence]] in Japan


* More common in young adults <30 years old
* More common in young adults <30 years old
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Fever
* [[Fever]]


* Flu-like prodrome
* [[Flu]]-like prodrome
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Tender cervical node
* Tender [[Cervical|cervical nodes]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* rashes
* [[rashes]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* ↑ ESR
* ↑ [[ESR]]


* Abnormal liver enzymes
* [[Liver enzymes|Abnormal liver enzymes]]


* leucopenia
* [[leucopenia]]


| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Irregular paracortical areas of coagulative necrosis with abundant karyorrhectic debris
* Irregular paracortical areas of [[coagulative]] [[necrosis]] with abundant karyorrhectic debris
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Biopsy
* [[Biopsy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Hashimoto thyroiditis
* Hashimoto [[thyroiditis]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kimura disease<ref name="pmid26905356">{{cite journal |vauthors=AlGhamdi FE, Al-Khatib TA, Marzouki HZ, AlGarni MA |title=Kimura disease: No age or ethnicity limit |journal=Saudi Med J |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=315–9 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26905356 |pmc=4800898 |doi=10.15537/smj.2016.3.14448 |url=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Kimura disease]]<ref name="pmid26905356">{{cite journal |vauthors=AlGhamdi FE, Al-Khatib TA, Marzouki HZ, AlGarni MA |title=Kimura disease: No age or ethnicity limit |journal=Saudi Med J |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=315–9 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26905356 |pmc=4800898 |doi=10.15537/smj.2016.3.14448 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* More common in Asian males.
* More common in Asian males.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* History of painless cervical lump
* History of painless [[cervical]] lump
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
Line 666: Line 708:
* Large
* Large


* Non-tender cervical node
* Non-tender [[Cervical|cervical node]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Itching
* [[Itching]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑ eosinophils
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |↑ [[Eosinophils]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Conserved lymph node structure
* Conserved [[Lymph nodes|lymph node]] structure


* Eosinophilic infiltration
* [[Eosinophilic]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]]


* High postcapillary venules
* High [[Capillary|postcapillary]] [[venules]]


| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Biospsy
* [[Biopsy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Nephrotic syndrom
* [[Nephrotic syndrome]]


* Hypercoaguble state
* [[Hypercoagulable state]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Rosai-Dorfman disease<ref name="urlRosai-Dorfman disease | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program">{{cite web |url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7588/rosai-dorfman-disease |title=Rosai-Dorfman disease &#124; Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2180012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Foucar E, Rosai J, Dorfman R |title=Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): review of the entity |journal=Semin Diagn Pathol |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=19–73 |date=February 1990 |pmid=2180012 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Rosai-Dorfman disease]]<ref name="urlRosai-Dorfman disease | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program">{{cite web |url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7588/rosai-dorfman-disease |title=Rosai-Dorfman disease &#124; Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2180012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Foucar E, Rosai J, Dorfman R |title=Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): review of the entity |journal=Semin Diagn Pathol |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=19–73 |date=February 1990 |pmid=2180012 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* More common in children
* More common in [[children]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Fever
* [[Fever]]


| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Non-tender enlarged cervical lymph nodes
* Non-tender enlarged [[cervical lymph nodes]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Erythema
* [[Erythema]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* ↑ ESR
* ↑ [[ESR]]


* Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia
* [[Polyclonal]] [[hypergammaglobulinemia]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
Line 711: Line 754:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Kawasaki disease<ref name="urlAbout Kawasaki Disease | Kawasaki Disease | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/kawasaki/about.html |title=About Kawasaki Disease &#124; Kawasaki Disease &#124; CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlKawasaki Disease | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/kawasaki-disease |title=Kawasaki Disease &#124; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Kawasaki disease]]<ref name="urlAbout Kawasaki Disease | Kawasaki Disease | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/kawasaki/about.html |title=About Kawasaki Disease &#124; Kawasaki Disease &#124; CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlKawasaki Disease | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/kawasaki-disease |title=Kawasaki Disease &#124; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* More common in children younger than 5 years old.
* More common in children younger than 5 years old.


* Highest incidence in Japan.
* Highest [[incidence]] in Japan.


* Most leading cause of acquired heart disease in U.S.
* Most leading cause of acquired [[heart disease]] in U.S.


| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* High fever
* High [[fever]]


* B/L conjunctivitis
* B/L [[conjunctivitis]]


* Rash
* [[Rash]]


* Swelling of hands and feet
* [[Swelling]] of hands and feet


* Inflammation of lips
* Inflammation of [[lips]]


* Strawberry tongue
* [[Strawberry tongue]]


| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Large, single palpable cervical node
* Large, single palpable [[Cervical|cervical node]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Rashes
* [[Rashes]]


* Desquamation of skin
* [[Desquamation]] of skin
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* ↑ ESR
* ↑ [[ESR]]


* ↑ CRP
* ↑ [[CRP]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Inflammation of medium sized arteries and organs.
* [[Inflammation]] of medium sized [[arteries]] and [[organs]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Echocardiography:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Echocardiography]]:
* Coronary artery  
* [[Coronary artery]]
dilation
[[dilation]]
* Coronary artery aneurysm
* [[Coronary artery]] [[aneurysm]]


| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Clinical findings
* [[Clinical|Clinical findings]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
|-
|-
Line 776: Line 820:
|-
|-
! rowspan="20" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Neoplasm
! rowspan="20" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Neoplasm
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Hypopharyngeal cancer<ref name="pmid12560383">{{cite journal |vauthors=Helliwell TR |title=acp Best Practice No 169. Evidence based pathology: squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=81–5 |date=February 2003 |pmid=12560383 |pmc=1769882 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Recent Scientific Research|issn=09763031|doi=10.24327/IJRSR}}</ref><ref name="Maaslandvan den Brandt2014">{{cite journal|last1=Maasland|first1=Denise HE|last2=van den Brandt|first2=Piet A|last3=Kremer|first3=Bernd|last4=Goldbohm|first4=R Alexandra|last5=Schouten|first5=Leo J|title=Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and the risk of subtypes of head-neck cancer: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study|journal=BMC Cancer|volume=14|issue=1|year=2014|issn=1471-2407|doi=10.1186/1471-2407-14-187}}</ref>
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hypopharyngeal cancer]]<ref name="pmid12560383">{{cite journal |vauthors=Helliwell TR |title=acp Best Practice No 169. Evidence based pathology: squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=81–5 |date=February 2003 |pmid=12560383 |pmc=1769882 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Recent Scientific Research|issn=09763031|doi=10.24327/IJRSR}}</ref><ref name="Maaslandvan den Brandt2014">{{cite journal|last1=Maasland|first1=Denise HE|last2=van den Brandt|first2=Piet A|last3=Kremer|first3=Bernd|last4=Goldbohm|first4=R Alexandra|last5=Schouten|first5=Leo J|title=Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and the risk of subtypes of head-neck cancer: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study|journal=BMC Cancer|volume=14|issue=1|year=2014|issn=1471-2407|doi=10.1186/1471-2407-14-187}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Malignant
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Malignant]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* More common in males
* More common in males
* Age: 55-65 years old
* [[Age]]: 55-65 years old
* Incidence: < 1/100,000 in U.S.
* [[Incidence]]: < 1/100,000 in U.S.
* More common: Japan, India, Iran
* More common: Japan, India, Iran
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Tobacco use
* [[Tobacco]] use
* Abuse alcohol consumption
* [[Abuse|Abuse alcohol]] consumption
* HPV infection
* [[HPV infection]]
* Lump in the neck
* Lump in the [[neck]]
* Odynophagia
* [[Odynophagia]]
* Hoarseness
* [[Hoarseness]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Non tender cervical node
* Non tender [[Cervical|cervical node]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
Line 799: Line 844:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Spindle cells
* [[Spindle cells]]
* Nuclear atypia
* [[Nuclear|Nuclear atypia]]
* Basaloid cells
* Basaloid [[cells]]
* Abundant chromatin
* Abundant [[chromatin]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Neck CT scan:  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[Neck]] [[CT]] scan:  
* Soft tissue mass
* [[Soft tissue]] mass
* Irregular thickening of mucosa
* Irregular thickening of [[mucosa]]


* Necrotic region
* [[Necrotic|Necrotic region]]
MRI:  
[[MRI]]:  
* Tumors are hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2
* [[Tumors]] are hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Biopsy
* [[Biopsy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
|-
|-
! rowspan="10" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Salivary gland neoplasm
! rowspan="10" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Salivary gland neoplasm]]
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Pleomorphic adenoma<ref name="pmid22190789">{{cite journal |vauthors=Debnath SC, Adhyapok AK |title=Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumour) of the minor salivary glands of the upper lip |journal=J Maxillofac Oral Surg |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=205–8 |date=June 2010 |pmid=22190789 |pmc=3244097 |doi=10.1007/s12663-010-0052-5 |url=}}</ref>
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Pleomorphic adenoma]]<ref name="pmid22190789">{{cite journal |vauthors=Debnath SC, Adhyapok AK |title=Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumour) of the minor salivary glands of the upper lip |journal=J Maxillofac Oral Surg |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=205–8 |date=June 2010 |pmid=22190789 |pmc=3244097 |doi=10.1007/s12663-010-0052-5 |url=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* More common in Females
* More common in Females


* Incidence increase with age.
* [[Incidence]] increase with [[age]].


* Incidence : 2-3.5 cases per 100,000 population
* [[Incidence]] : 2-3.5 cases per 100,000 [[population]]


| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* History of swelling
* History of [[swelling]]


* Dysphagia
* [[Dysphagia]]


* Hoarseness
* [[Hoarseness]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Palpable mass of deep lobe of parotid gland
* Palpable [[mass]] of deep [[lobe]] of [[parotid gland]]


* Firm
* Firm
Line 843: Line 889:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Proliferation of epithelial cells and stromal matrix in the ducts.
* Proliferation of [[epithelial cells]] and [[stromal]] [[matrix]] in the [[ducts]].
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* MRI:<ref name="pmid29845358">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kato H, Kawaguchi M, Ando T, Mizuta K, Aoki M, Matsuo M |title=Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: common and uncommon CT and MR imaging features |journal=Jpn J Radiol |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=463–471 |date=August 2018 |pmid=29845358 |doi=10.1007/s11604-018-0747-y |url=}}</ref> Homogenous on T1
* [[MRI]]:<ref name="pmid29845358">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kato H, Kawaguchi M, Ando T, Mizuta K, Aoki M, Matsuo M |title=Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: common and uncommon CT and MR imaging features |journal=Jpn J Radiol |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=463–471 |date=August 2018 |pmid=29845358 |doi=10.1007/s11604-018-0747-y |url=}}</ref> Homogenous on T1


* Abundant myxochondroid stroma on T2
* Abundant myxochondroid [[stroma]] on T2
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Biopsy
* [[Biopsy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
|-
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Warthin's tumour<ref name="pmid24376295">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chulam TC, Noronha Francisco AL, Goncalves Filho J, Pinto Alves CA, Kowalski LP |title=Warthin's tumour of the parotid gland: our experience |journal=Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=393–7 |date=December 2013 |pmid=24376295 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlWarthin tumor | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program">{{cite web |url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/8569/warthin-tumor |title=Warthin tumor &#124; Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Warthin's tumor]]<ref name="pmid24376295">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chulam TC, Noronha Francisco AL, Goncalves Filho J, Pinto Alves CA, Kowalski LP |title=Warthin's tumour of the parotid gland: our experience |journal=Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=393–7 |date=December 2013 |pmid=24376295 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlWarthin tumor | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program">{{cite web |url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/8569/warthin-tumor |title=Warthin tumor &#124; Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |Benign
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Male to Female ratio : 4:1
* [[Benign]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* [[Male]] to [[Female]] ratio : 4:1


* More common in people aged 60 to 70 years old.
* More common in people aged 60 to 70 years old.
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* History of swollen salivary gland
* History of [[Swelling|swollen]] [[salivary gland]]


* Jaw pain
* [[Jaw]] pain


* Tinnitus
* [[Tinnitus]]


| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
Line 874: Line 921:
* Firm
* Firm


* Solitary
* [[Solitary]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
Line 880: Line 927:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Papillae
* [[Papillae]]


* Fibrous capsule
* [[Fibrous]] [[capsule]]


* Cystic spaces
* [[Cystic]] spaces
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | Neck CT:  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | [[CT|Neck CT]]:  
* Cystic lesion posteriorly within the parotid gland.
* [[Cystic]] lesion posteriorly within the [[parotid gland]].
MRI:  
[[MRI]]:  
* B/L lesions
* B/L lesions
Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
* Biopsy
* [[Biopsy]]
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
|-
! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Lymphoepithelioma
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
|-
|-
Line 1,150: Line 1,181:
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  
|-
|-
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Metastatic head and neck carcinoma
! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Nasopharyngeal cancer
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |

Latest revision as of 16:28, 11 February 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: , Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2] 

Differential diagnosis of neck masses==

Differential diagnosis of neck masses include:

Category Diseases Benign or Malignant Clinical manifestation Paraclinical findings Gold standard diagnosis Associated findings
Demography History Symptoms Signs Lab findings Histopathology Imaging
Pain Dysphagia Mass exam Skin changes LAP Others
Congenital Branchial cleft cyst Benign
Thyroglossal duct cyst
Hemangioma
Vascular malformations
Lymphatic malformations
Laryngocele
Ranula
Teratoma
Dermoid cyst
Thymic cyst
Category Diseases Benign or Malignant Demography History Pain Dysphagia Mass exam Skin changes LAP Others Lab findings Histopathology Imaging Gold standard diagnosis Associated findings
Inflammatory Acute sialadenitis
Chronic sialadenitis
Reactive viral lymphadenopathy CMV
EBV
HIV
Viral URI
Bacterial lymphadenopathy Tularemia
Brucellosis
Cat-scratch disease[1][2]
  • More common in the Southern of U.S among children and young adults.
  • Cat exposure
 + - +

Serology:

- -
Actinomycosis[3][4] - -
  • Tender at the beginning
  • Fluctuant
  • Non-tender at late stage
  • Red
  • Blue
 -

Gram stains:

-
Mycobacterial infections[5][6][7] - -
  • Firm
  • Non-tender
 +

Sputum smear:

  • Fusion tendency
  • Internal echoes
 -
Streptococcal infection[8][9] + + - + -
Parasitic lymphadenopathy Toxoplasma gondii[10][11]
  • 6 years old and older adults are more affected in U.S.
  • Seen in Hot climates
  • Undercooked food
 + -
  • Bilateral
  • Non-tender
  • Symmetrical
  • Non-fluctuant
 - +

+ IgG and IgM antibodies

MRI:

MRI

-
Sarcoidosis[12][13]
  • More common in African American women aged 20 - 40 years.
 - -
  • Bilateral

tender lymph nodes

+
Sjögren syndrome[14]
  • May happen at any age
  • Mean age: 40-50
  • History of RA, SLE, and non-hodgkin B-cell lymphoma.
 - +
  • Firm,
  • Dry
 +
  • Anti-SSA/Ro: +
  • Anti-SSB/La: +
 -
Castleman disease (angiofollicular lymphoproliferative disease)[15][16] Mean age: 30-40 years
  • B-symptoms
 - - + CT scan of thorax
Kikuchi disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis)[17]
  • More common in young adults <30 years old
  • Flu-like prodrome
 + - + -
Kimura disease[18]
  • More common in Asian males.
 - -
  • Large
 + ↑ Eosinophils -
Rosai-Dorfman disease[19][20] - - + - - - -
Kawasaki disease[21][22]
  • More common in children younger than 5 years old.
  • Inflammation of lips
 - - + Echocardiography:

dilation

Category Diseases Benign or Malignant Demography History Pain Dysphagia Mass exam Skin changes LAP Others Lab findings Histopathology Imaging Gold standard diagnosis Associated findings
Neoplasm Hypopharyngeal cancer[23][24][25]
  • More common in males
  • Age: 55-65 years old
  • Incidence: < 1/100,000 in U.S.
  • More common: Japan, India, Iran
 - + - + - Neck CT scan:

MRI:

  • Tumors are hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2
 -
Salivary gland neoplasm Pleomorphic adenoma[26]
  • More common in Females
 - +
  • Firm
  • Mobile
 - - -
  • Abundant myxochondroid stroma on T2
 -
Warthin's tumor[28][29]
  • More common in people aged 60 to 70 years old.
 - +
  • Non tender
  • Mobile
  • Firm
 - - - Neck CT:

MRI:

  • B/L lesions

Heterogeneous

Oncocytoma
Monomorphic adenoma
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Salivary duct carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Parathyroid tumors
Carotid body tumors
Paraganglioma
Schwannoma
Lymphoma
Liposarcoma
Lipoma
Glomus vagale, glomus jugulare tumors
Nasopharyngeal cancer
Other Hematoma
Arteriovenous fistula
Goiter
Category Diseases Benign Demography History Pain Dysphagia Mass exam Skin changes LAP Others Lab findings Histopathology Imaging Gold standard diagnosis Associated findings

References

  1. ↑ "Cat-Scratch Disease in the United States, 2005–2013 - Volume 22, Number 10—October 2016 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC".
  2. ↑ Hansmann, Y.; DeMartino, S.; Piemont, Y.; Meyer, N.; Mariet, P.; Heller, R.; Christmann, D.; Jaulhac, B. (2005). "Diagnosis of Cat Scratch Disease with Detection of Bartonella henselae by PCR: a Study of Patients with Lymph Node Enlargement". Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 43 (8): 3800–3806. doi:10.1128/JCM.43.8.3800-3806.2005. ISSN 0095-1137.
  3. ↑ Valour F, Sénéchal A, Dupieux C, Karsenty J, Lustig S, Breton P, Gleizal A, Boussel L, Laurent F, Braun E, Chidiac C, Ader F, Ferry T (2014). "Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management". Infect Drug Resist. 7: 183–97. doi:10.2147/IDR.S39601. PMC 4094581. PMID 25045274.
  4. ↑ Bonnefond S, Catroux M, Melenotte C, Karkowski L, Rolland L, Trouillier S, Raffray L (June 2016). "Clinical features of actinomycosis: A retrospective, multicenter study of 28 cases of miscellaneous presentations". Medicine (Baltimore). 95 (24): e3923. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000003923. PMC 4998488. PMID 27311002.
  5. ↑ Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A (March 2014). "Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools". Iran J Med Sci. 39 (2 Suppl): 158–70. PMC 3993046. PMID 24753638.
  6. ↑ Suskind DL, Handler SD, Tom LW, Potsic WP, Wetmore RF (July 1997). "Nontuberculous mycobacterial cervical adenitis". Clin Pediatr (Phila). 36 (7): 403–9. doi:10.1177/000992289703600705. PMID 9241478.
  7. ↑ Drobniewski FA, Caws M, Gibson A, Young D (March 2003). "Modern laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis". Lancet Infect Dis. 3 (3): 141–7. PMID 12614730.
  8. ↑ Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A (March 2014). "Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools". Iran J Med Sci. 39 (2 Suppl): 158–70. PMC 3993046. PMID 24753638.
  9. ↑ Kenealy T (November 2007). "Sore throat". BMJ Clin Evid. 2007. PMC 2943825. PMID 19450346.
  10. ↑ Kumar GG, Mahadevan A, Guruprasad AS, Kovoor JM, Satishchandra P, Nath A, Ranga U, Shankar SK (June 2010). "Eccentric target sign in cerebral toxoplasmosis: neuropathological correlate to the imaging feature". J Magn Reson Imaging. 31 (6): 1469–72. doi:10.1002/jmri.22192. PMC 2908244. PMID 20512900.
  11. ↑ [+https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/diagnosis.html "CDC - Toxoplasmosis - Diagnosis"] Check |url= value (help).
  12. ↑ "Sarcoidosis | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)".
  13. ↑ Abdel Razek A, Mukherji S (June 2017). "Imaging of sialadenitis". Neuroradiol J. 30 (3): 205–215. doi:10.1177/1971400916682752. PMC 5480791. PMID 28059621. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
  14. ↑ Mavragani CP, Moutsopoulos HM (October 2014). "Sjögren syndrome". CMAJ. 186 (15): E579–86. doi:10.1503/cmaj.122037. PMC 4203623. PMID 24566651.
  15. ↑ Dispenzieri A, Armitage JO, Loe MJ, Geyer SM, Allred J, Camoriano JK, Menke DM, Weisenburger DD, Ristow K, Dogan A, Habermann TM (November 2012). "The clinical spectrum of Castleman's disease". Am. J. Hematol. 87 (11): 997–1002. doi:10.1002/ajh.23291. PMC 3900496. PMID 22791417.
  16. ↑ Saeed-Abdul-Rahman I, Al-Amri AM (September 2012). "Castleman disease". Korean J Hematol. 47 (3): 163–77. doi:10.5045/kjh.2012.47.3.163. PMC 3464333. PMID 23071471.
  17. ↑ Bosch X, Guilabert A (May 2006). "Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease". Orphanet J Rare Dis. 1: 18. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-1-18. PMC 1481509. PMID 16722618.
  18. ↑ AlGhamdi FE, Al-Khatib TA, Marzouki HZ, AlGarni MA (March 2016). "Kimura disease: No age or ethnicity limit". Saudi Med J. 37 (3): 315–9. doi:10.15537/smj.2016.3.14448. PMC 4800898. PMID 26905356.
  19. ↑ "Rosai-Dorfman disease | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program".
  20. ↑ Foucar E, Rosai J, Dorfman R (February 1990). "Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): review of the entity". Semin Diagn Pathol. 7 (1): 19–73. PMID 2180012.
  21. ↑ "About Kawasaki Disease | Kawasaki Disease | CDC".
  22. ↑ "Kawasaki Disease | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)".
  23. ↑ Helliwell TR (February 2003). "acp Best Practice No 169. Evidence based pathology: squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx". J. Clin. Pathol. 56 (2): 81–5. PMC 1769882. PMID 12560383.
  24. ↑ International Journal of Recent Scientific Research. doi:10.24327/IJRSR. ISSN 0976-3031. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. ↑ Maasland, Denise HE; van den Brandt, Piet A; Kremer, Bernd; Goldbohm, R Alexandra; Schouten, Leo J (2014). "Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and the risk of subtypes of head-neck cancer: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study". BMC Cancer. 14 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2407-14-187. ISSN 1471-2407.
  26. ↑ Debnath SC, Adhyapok AK (June 2010). "Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumour) of the minor salivary glands of the upper lip". J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 9 (2): 205–8. doi:10.1007/s12663-010-0052-5. PMC 3244097. PMID 22190789.
  27. ↑ Kato H, Kawaguchi M, Ando T, Mizuta K, Aoki M, Matsuo M (August 2018). "Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: common and uncommon CT and MR imaging features". Jpn J Radiol. 36 (8): 463–471. doi:10.1007/s11604-018-0747-y. PMID 29845358.
  28. ↑ Chulam TC, Noronha Francisco AL, Goncalves Filho J, Pinto Alves CA, Kowalski LP (December 2013). "Warthin's tumour of the parotid gland: our experience". Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 33 (6): 393–7. PMID 24376295.
  29. ↑ "Warthin tumor | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program".
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