Paraneoplastic syndrome (patient information): Difference between revisions

	Paraneoplastic syndrome
Overview
What are the symptoms?
What are the causes?
Who is at highest risk?
Diagnosis
When to seek urgent medical care?
Treatment options
Where to find medical care for (Condition)?
Prevention
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
Possible complications
Paraneoplastic syndrome On the Web
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
Images of Paraneoplastic syndrome
Videos on Paraneoplastic syndrome
FDA on Paraneoplastic syndrome
CDC on Paraneoplastic syndrome
Paraneoplastic syndrome in the news
Blogs on Paraneoplastic syndrome
Directions to Hospitals Treating Paraneoplastic syndrome
Risk calculators and risk factors for Paraneoplastic syndrome

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Latest revision as of 15:17, 14 October 2019

Template:WikiDoc Sources For the Wikipage for this topic, click here
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2]

Overview

A paraneoplastic syndrome is a disease or symptom that is the consequence of the presence of cancer in the body, but is not due to the local presence of cancer cells. These phenomena are mediated by humoral factors (by hormones or cytokines) excreted by tumor cells or by an immune response against the tumor. Sometimes the symptoms of paraneoplastic syndromes show even before the diagnosis of a malignancy. A paraneoplastic syndrome is a set of symptoms that are caused by a cancer. The symptoms happen in a different area of the body from the cancer.

What are the Symptoms of Paraneoplastic syndrome?

Paraneoplastic syndromes cause different symptoms depending on the tissues and organs they are involved.
About 20% of people with cancer get a paraneoplastic syndrome and the most common cancers are lung, hepatocellular, ovarian, breast, gastric , pancreatic and other cancers.

General symptoms

General symptoms of paraneoplastic syndrome include:

Skin symptoms

Itching
Skin flushing or blushing, causing the face, neck, or upper chest to become warm and red

Neurologic (brain, spinal cord, and nerve) symptoms

Weakness or loss of strength
Loss of feeling
Slower reflexes
Trouble using different parts of the body, such as the arms or legs
Trouble speaking
Dizziness
Double vision or being unable to control eye movements
The cancer can cause these symptoms without pushing on the nerves or spinal cord.

Endocrine (hormone system) symptoms

Other symptoms

Muscle swelling that causes weakness and soreness
Painful swelling of the joints that may change the shape of the fingers and toes
Changes to the blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)

What Causes Paraneoplastic syndrome?

Paraneoplastic syndromes may be caused by two different mechanisms:
- The cancer making hormones
- The immune system making antibodies (substances that protect the body against certain infection) that flow through the blood

Who is at Highest Risk?

Patients with the following type of cancers will be at risk of developing paraneoplastic syndrome:

Diagnosis

Diagnosis can be made before, or concurrently, or after the diagnosis of the original cancer depending on the clinical manifestations.

When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?

Patients with the signs and symptoms suggesting paraneoplastic syndrome should seek medical care.

Treatment Options

The tumor and/or cancer are treated first, followed by efforts to decrease the autoimmune response, either through steroids or high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, or irradiation.
Plasmapheresis, a process that exchanges antibodies of the blood, may ease symptoms in people with paraneoplastic disorders that affected the peripheral nervous system.
Speech and physical therapy may help individuals regain some functions.

Where to find Medical Care for Paraneoplastic syndrome?

Medical care for (disease name) can be found here.

Prevention

Preventive measures for cancer may also reduce the risk of paraneoplastic syndrome.

What to Expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?

There are no cures for paraneoplastic syndromes.
The type and stage of the original cancer determines the prognosis.

Possible Complications

They may result in different complications according to the involved organs.

Sources

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Paraneoplastic syndrome (patient information)}}
+'''For the Wikipage for this topic, click [[Paraneoplastic syndrome|here]]'''<br>
 {{CMG}};{{AE}} {{G.D.}}
 ==Overview==
-A '''paraneoplastic syndrome''' is a [[disease]] or [[symptom]] that is the consequence of the presence of [[cancer]] in the body, but is not due to the local presence of cancer cells. These phenomena are mediated by [[humoral]] factors (by [[Hormone|hormones]] or [[Cytokine|cytokines]]) excreted by [[tumor]] cells or by an [[immune response]] against the [[tumor]]. Sometimes the [[symptoms]] of paraneoplastic syndromes show even before the [[diagnosis]] of a [[Malignant|malignancy]].  A paraneoplastic syndrome is a set of symptoms that are caused by a [[cancer]]. The symptoms happen in a different area of your [[body]] from your [[cancer]]. The majority of [[patients]] with [[cancer]] are not affected with paraneoplastic syndrome.
+A '''paraneoplastic syndrome''' is a [[disease]] or [[symptom]] that is the consequence of the presence of [[cancer]] in the body, but is not due to the local presence of [[cancer]] cells. These phenomena are mediated by [[humoral]] factors (by [[Hormone|hormones]] or [[Cytokine|cytokines]]) excreted by [[tumor]] cells or by an [[immune response]] against the [[tumor]]. Sometimes the [[symptoms]] of paraneoplastic syndromes show even before the [[diagnosis]] of a [[Malignant|malignancy]].  A paraneoplastic syndrome is a set of [[symptoms]] that are caused by a [[cancer]]. The symptoms happen in a different area of the [[body]] from the [[cancer]].
+==What are the Symptoms of Paraneoplastic syndrome?==
-==Causes==
+*Paraneoplastic syndromes cause different [[symptoms]] depending on the [[tissues]] and [[organs]] they are involved.
-*Paraneoplastic syndromes are caused by your [[cancer]] making [[hormones]] or your [[immune]] system making [[antibodies]] (substances that protect your body against certain [[infection]]) that flow through your blood
+*About 20% of  people with [[cancer]] get a paraneoplastic syndrome and the most common [[cancers]] are [[lung]], [[Hepatocellular carcinoma|hepatocellular]], [[ovarian]], [[breast]], [[gastric]] , [[pancreatic]] and other [[cancers]].
-*Paraneoplastic syndromes cause different symptoms depending on the tissues and organs they occur in
-*About 1 out of 5 people with cancer get a paraneoplastic syndrome—it's most common with lung cancer
-==What are the symptoms of paraneoplastic syndromes?==
 ===General symptoms===
-*Fever
+*General [[symptoms]] of paraneoplastic syndrome include:
+**[[Fever]]
-*Night sweats
+**[[Night sweats]]
+**[[Loss of appetite]]
-*Loss of appetite
+**[[Weight loss]]
-*Weight loss
 ===Skin symptoms===
-*Itching
+*[[Itching]]
+*[[Skin]] flushing or blushing, causing the [[face]], [[neck]], or upper [[chest]] to become warm and red
-*Skin flushing or blushing, causing your face, neck, or upper chest to become warm and red
-*You may get noncancerous skin bumps or shingles (a painful rash of fluid-filled blisters caused by the same virus that causes chickenpox)
 ===Neurologic (brain, spinal cord, and nerve) symptoms===
-*Weakness or loss of strength
+*[[Weakness]] or loss of strength
+*[[Numbness|Loss of feeling]]
-*Loss of feeling
 *Slower reflexes
+*Trouble using different parts of the body, such as the arms or legs
-*Trouble using different parts of your body the way you want, such as your arms or legs
+*[[Trouble|Trouble speaking]]
+*[[Dizziness]]
-*Trouble speaking
+*[[Double vision]] or being unable to control [[eye]] movements
+*The [[cancer]] can cause these [[symptoms]] without pushing on the [[nerves]] or [[spinal cord]].
-*Dizziness
-*Double vision (when you see 2 of the same object) or being unable to control your eye movements
-The cancer can cause these symptoms without pushing on your nerves or spinal cord
 ===Endocrine (hormone system) symptoms===
-*Weakness
+*[[Weakness]]
+*[[Weight gain]]
-*Weight gain
+*[[High blood pressure]]
+*[[Confusion]]
-*High blood pressure or heart valve problems
+*[[Kidney|Kidney problems]]
+*Red, warm [[skin]]
-*Confusion
+*[[Wheezing]]
+*[[Diarrhea]]
-*Kidney problems
-*Red, warm skin
-*Wheezing
-*Diarrhea
 ===Other symptoms===
-*Muscle swelling that causes weakness and soreness
+*[[Muscle|Muscle swelling]] that causes weakness and soreness
-*Painful swelling of your joints that may change the shape of your fingers and toes
+*Painful [[swelling]] of the [[joints]] that may change the shape of the [[fingers]] and [[toes]]
-*Changes to your blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets)
+*Changes to the blood cells ([[red blood cells]], [[white blood cells]], and [[platelets]])
+==What Causes Paraneoplastic syndrome?==
+*Paraneoplastic syndromes may be caused by two different mechanisms:
+**The [[cancer]] making [[hormones]]
+**The [[immune]] system making [[antibodies]] (substances that protect the body against certain [[infection]]) that flow through the [[blood]]
+==Who is at Highest Risk?==
+*[[Patients]] with the following type of [[cancers]] will be at risk of developing paraneoplastic syndrome:
+**[[Lung tumors]]
+**[[Breast cancer]]
+**[[Kidney cancer]]
+**[[Liver cancer]]
+**[[Lymphoma|Cancers of blood]]
+**[[Gynaecological]] [[tumors]]
+**[[Gastrointestinal]] [[tumors]]
+**[[Skin cancers]]
+**[[Thymic tumors]]
+==Diagnosis==
+*[[Diagnosis]] can be made before, or concurrently, or after the [[diagnosis]] of the original [[cancer]] depending on the [[clinical]] manifestations.
+==When to Seek Urgent Medical Care?==
+*[[Patients]] with the [[signs]] and [[symptoms]] suggesting paraneoplastic syndrome should seek medical care.
+==Treatment Options==
+*The [[tumor]] and/or [[cancer]] are treated first, followed by efforts to decrease the [[autoimmune]] response, either through [[steroids]] or high-dose intravenous [[immunoglobulin]], or [[irradiation]].
+*[[Plasmapheresis]], a process that exchanges antibodies of the blood, may ease [[symptoms]] in people with paraneoplastic disorders that affected the peripheral nervous system.
+*[[Speech]] and [[physical therapy]] may help individuals regain some functions.
+==Where to find Medical Care for Paraneoplastic syndrome?==
+* Medical care for (disease name) can be found [https://www.google.com/maps/search/hospitals/ here].
+==Prevention==
+* Preventive measures for cancer may also reduce the risk of paraneoplastic syndrome.
+==What to Expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?==
+*There are no cures for paraneoplastic syndromes.
+*The type and stage of the original [[cancer]] determines the [[prognosis]].
+==Possible Complications==
+* They may result in different [[complications]] according to the involved organs.
 ==Sources==
 *https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/quick-facts-cancer/overview-of-cancer/paraneoplastic-syndromes
+*https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Paraneoplastic-Syndromes-Information-Page