Lipoid pneumonia historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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{{Lipoid pneumonia}} | {{Lipoid pneumonia}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
In 1925, G. F. LAUGHLEN, M.D. was the first [[physician]] to describe [[lipoid pneumonia]]. He first interacted with the disease by routine [[autopsy]] at the Toronto, Ontario hospital for sick children. He described grayish red [[nodules]] at the [[autopsy]] with three types of [[Exudate|exudates]], found out [[Monocyte|mononuclear]] cells which were unexpected in the [[Exudate|exudates]]. In 1949 McDonald et al described [[endogenous]] [[lipoid pneumonia]] for the first time. He observed so-called "obstructive [[pneumonia]]" in patients with [[Lung cancer|lung neoplasms]]. | |||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
===Discovery=== | ===Discovery=== | ||
*The | *In 1925,G. F. LAUGHLEN, M.D. was the first [[physician]] to describe [[exogenous]] [[lipoid pneumonia]].<ref name="pmid19969662">{{cite journal |vauthors=Laughlen GF |title=Studies on Pneumonia Following Naso-Pharyngeal Injections of Oil |journal=The American Journal of Pathology |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=407–414.1 |date=July 1925 |pmid=19969662 |pmc=1931653 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* | *He first interacted to the [[disease]] by routine [[autopsy]] at the Toronto, Ontario hospital for sick children. | ||
*In [year | *He described grayish red [[nodules]] at the [[autopsy]] with three types of [[Exudate|exudates]], found out [[Monocyte|mononuclear]] cells which were unexpected in the [[Exudate|exudates]]. | ||
*All of his 4 observed cases underwent [[laxative]] and [[nasal]] drop [[therapy]] regimen. | |||
*In 1949 McDonald et al described [[endogenous]] [[lipoid pneumonia]] for the first time.<ref name="pmid18110247">{{cite journal| author=McDONALD JR, HARRINGTON SW, CLAGETT OT| title=Obstructive pneumonitis of neoplastic origin; an interpretation of one form of so-called atelectasis and its correlation according to presence of absence of sputum. | journal=J Thorac Surg | year= 1949 | volume= 18 | issue= 1 | pages= 97-112; disc., 122 | pmid=18110247 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18110247 }}</ref> | |||
*He observed so called "obstructive [[pneumonia]]" in patients with [[Lung cancer|lung neoplasms]].<ref name="pmid9925081" /> | |||
===Important landmark=== | |||
Following are important landmark events that shows how [[aspiration pneumonia]] became an important entity of critical care:<ref name="pmid19857224">{{cite journal| author=Japanese Respiratory Society| title=Aspiration pneumonia. | journal=Respirology | year= 2009 | volume= 14 Suppl 2 | issue= | pages= S59-64 | pmid=19857224 | doi=10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01578.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19857224 }}</ref><ref name="pmid23052002">{{cite journal| author=Almirall J, Cabré M, Clavé P| title=Complications of oropharyngeal dysphagia: aspiration pneumonia. | journal=Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser | year= 2012 | volume= 72 | issue= | pages= 67-76 | pmid=23052002 | doi=10.1159/000339989 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23052002 }}</ref><ref name="pmid9925081">{{cite journal| author=Marik PE, Careau P| title=The role of anaerobes in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia: a prospective study. | journal=Chest | year= 1999 | volume= 115 | issue= 1 | pages= 178-83 | pmid=9925081 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9925081 }}</ref><ref name="pmid23598958">{{cite journal| author=Cordier JF, Cottin V| title=Neglected evidence in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from history to earlier diagnosis. | journal=Eur Respir J | year= 2013 | volume= 42 | issue= 4 | pages= 916-23 | pmid=23598958 | doi=10.1183/09031936.00027913 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23598958 }}</ref><ref name="pmid29500665">{{cite journal| author=Shi X, Zheng J, Yan T| title=Computational redesign of human respiratory syncytial virus epitope as therapeutic peptide vaccines against pediatric pneumonia. | journal=J Mol Model | year= 2018 | volume= 24 | issue= 4 | pages= 79 | pmid=29500665 | doi=10.1007/s00894-018-3613-z | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=29500665 }}</ref><ref name="pmid28270104">{{cite journal| author=Shen CF, Wang SM, Ho TS, Liu CC| title=Clinical features of community acquired adenovirus pneumonia during the 2011 community outbreak in Southern Taiwan: role of host immune response. | journal=BMC Infect Dis | year= 2017 | volume= 17 | issue= 1 | pages= 196 | pmid=28270104 | doi=10.1186/s12879-017-2272-5 | pmc=5341368 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28270104 }}</ref> | |||
= | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Year | |||
!Events | |||
|- | |||
!460 BC–380 BC | |||
|Hippocrates described [[pneumonia]]. | |||
|- | |||
!1138–1204 AD | |||
|Maimonides wrote about [[pneumonia]] as "The basic [[symptoms]] which occur in [[pneumonia]] and which are never lacking are as follows: acute [[fever]], sticking [[pleuritic pain]] in the side, short rapid [[Breath|breaths]], serrated [[pulse]], and [[cough]]." | |||
|- | |||
!1875 | |||
|[[Edwin Klebs]] identified [[bacteria]] in the [[Airway|airways]] of individuals who [[died]] from [[pneumonia]]. | |||
|- | |||
!1848 | |||
|[[Carl Friedländer]] identified the two common [[bacteria]] such as ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' and ''[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]]'' that cause [[pneumonia]]. | |||
|- | |||
!1893 | |||
|Veillon was first to write about the role of [[Anaerobic organism|anaerobic bacteria]] in [[aspiration pneumonia]]. | |||
|- | |||
!1896 | |||
|Roentgen described [[x-rays]]. | |||
|- | |||
!1918 | |||
|Sir William Osler, known as "the father of modern medicine," appreciated the [[morbidity]] and [[mortality]] of [[pneumonia]], describing it as the "captain of the men of death." | |||
|- | |||
!1927 | |||
|Smith was first to clearly show [[Anaerobic organism|anaerobic bacterial]] growth in animal models suffered from [[aspiration pneumonia]]. | |||
|- | |||
!1929 | |||
|Drinker and Shaw announced the invention of the [[iron lung]] during the
[[polio]] [[epidemic]]. | |||
|- | |||
!1985 | |||
| Specimens collected from [[Patient|patients]] with [[aspiration pneumonia]] were vastly cultured and it was called [[anaerobic]] bandwagon. | |||
|} | |||
=== | === Lipoid pneumonia outbreak === | ||
=== | * During July and August 2019, five [[patients]] were identified at two hospitals in North Carolina with [[acute lung injury]] potentially associated with [[e-cigarette]] use. | ||
The | * Patients were adults aged 18–35 years and all experienced several days of worsening [[dyspnea]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[abdominal discomfort]], and [[Fever and abdominal pain|fever]]. | ||
* All patients demonstrated [[tachypnea]] with increased work of [[breathing]] on [[examination]], [[hypoxemia]] ([[pulse oximetry]] <90% on room air), and [[bilateral]] [[lung]] infiltrates on [[Chest X-ray|chest x-ray]]. | |||
* All five [[Patient|patients]] shared history of recent use of [[Cannabis (drug)|marijuana]] oils or concentrates in [[E-cigarette|e-cigarettes]].<ref name="urlOutbreak of Electronic-Cigarette–Associated Acute Lipoid Pneumonia — North Carolina, July–August 2019 | MMWR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6836e1.htm?s_cid=mm6836e1_w |title=Outbreak of Electronic-Cigarette–Associated Acute Lipoid Pneumonia — North Carolina, July–August 2019 | MMWR |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
* Thirty-three deaths confirmed due to vaping in 24 states of US, but [[lipoid pneumonia]] role in those [[Mortality|mortalities]] was not proven.<ref name="urlOutbreak of Electronic-Cigarette–Associated Acute Lipoid Pneumonia — North Carolina, July–August 2019 | MMWR">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6836e1.htm?s_cid=mm6836e1_w |title=Outbreak of Electronic-Cigarette–Associated Acute Lipoid Pneumonia — North Carolina, July–August 2019 | MMWR |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
*The higher risk of lipoid pneumonia in THC vaping was then hypothesized to be due to usage of vitamin E in THC juice of e-cigarettes.<ref name="urlCDC vaping illness investigation: Vitamin E acetate linked to THC may be to blame - CNN">{{cite web |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/11/08/health/vaping-injury-vitamin-e-thc-bn/index.html |title=CDC vaping illness investigation: Vitamin E acetate linked to THC may be to blame - CNN |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> | |||
*Vitamin E is a substance added to cannabis products to increase their central effect. | |||
*It's streaky and high solubility potential is said to be the cause of lipoid pneumonia. | |||
{| align="center" | |||
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{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtKbUpKeU_Q|500}} | |||
|} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 13:25, 11 November 2019
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Lipoid pneumonia historical perspective On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD[2]
Overview
In 1925, G. F. LAUGHLEN, M.D. was the first physician to describe lipoid pneumonia. He first interacted with the disease by routine autopsy at the Toronto, Ontario hospital for sick children. He described grayish red nodules at the autopsy with three types of exudates, found out mononuclear cells which were unexpected in the exudates. In 1949 McDonald et al described endogenous lipoid pneumonia for the first time. He observed so-called "obstructive pneumonia" in patients with lung neoplasms.
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- In 1925,G. F. LAUGHLEN, M.D. was the first physician to describe exogenous lipoid pneumonia.[1]
- He first interacted to the disease by routine autopsy at the Toronto, Ontario hospital for sick children.
- He described grayish red nodules at the autopsy with three types of exudates, found out mononuclear cells which were unexpected in the exudates.
- All of his 4 observed cases underwent laxative and nasal drop therapy regimen.
- In 1949 McDonald et al described endogenous lipoid pneumonia for the first time.[2]
- He observed so called "obstructive pneumonia" in patients with lung neoplasms.[3]
Important landmark
Following are important landmark events that shows how aspiration pneumonia became an important entity of critical care:[4][5][3][6][7][8]
| Year | Events |
|---|---|
| 460 BC–380 BC | Hippocrates described pneumonia. |
| 1138–1204 AD | Maimonides wrote about pneumonia as "The basic symptoms which occur in pneumonia and which are never lacking are as follows: acute fever, sticking pleuritic pain in the side, short rapid breaths, serrated pulse, and cough." |
| 1875 | Edwin Klebs identified bacteria in the airways of individuals who died from pneumonia. |
| 1848 | Carl Friedländer identified the two common bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae that cause pneumonia. |
| 1893 | Veillon was first to write about the role of anaerobic bacteria in aspiration pneumonia. |
| 1896 | Roentgen described x-rays. |
| 1918 | Sir William Osler, known as "the father of modern medicine," appreciated the morbidity and mortality of pneumonia, describing it as the "captain of the men of death." |
| 1927 | Smith was first to clearly show anaerobic bacterial growth in animal models suffered from aspiration pneumonia. |
| 1929 | Drinker and Shaw announced the invention of the iron lung during the polio epidemic. |
| 1985 | Specimens collected from patients with aspiration pneumonia were vastly cultured and it was called anaerobic bandwagon. |
Lipoid pneumonia outbreak
- During July and August 2019, five patients were identified at two hospitals in North Carolina with acute lung injury potentially associated with e-cigarette use.
- Patients were adults aged 18–35 years and all experienced several days of worsening dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and fever.
- All patients demonstrated tachypnea with increased work of breathing on examination, hypoxemia (pulse oximetry <90% on room air), and bilateral lung infiltrates on chest x-ray.
- All five patients shared history of recent use of marijuana oils or concentrates in e-cigarettes.[9]
- Thirty-three deaths confirmed due to vaping in 24 states of US, but lipoid pneumonia role in those mortalities was not proven.[10]
- The higher risk of lipoid pneumonia in THC vaping was then hypothesized to be due to usage of vitamin E in THC juice of e-cigarettes.[11]
- Vitamin E is a substance added to cannabis products to increase their central effect.
- It's streaky and high solubility potential is said to be the cause of lipoid pneumonia.
|
{{#ev:youtube|https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtKbUpKeU_Q%7C500}} |
References
- ↑ Laughlen GF (July 1925). "Studies on Pneumonia Following Naso-Pharyngeal Injections of Oil". The American Journal of Pathology. 1 (4): 407–414.1. PMC 1931653. PMID 19969662.
- ↑ McDONALD JR, HARRINGTON SW, CLAGETT OT (1949). "Obstructive pneumonitis of neoplastic origin; an interpretation of one form of so-called atelectasis and its correlation according to presence of absence of sputum". J Thorac Surg. 18 (1): 97–112, disc., 122. PMID 18110247.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Marik PE, Careau P (1999). "The role of anaerobes in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia: a prospective study". Chest. 115 (1): 178–83. PMID 9925081.
- ↑ Japanese Respiratory Society (2009). "Aspiration pneumonia". Respirology. 14 Suppl 2: S59–64. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01578.x. PMID 19857224.
- ↑ Almirall J, Cabré M, Clavé P (2012). "Complications of oropharyngeal dysphagia: aspiration pneumonia". Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 72: 67–76. doi:10.1159/000339989. PMID 23052002.
- ↑ Cordier JF, Cottin V (2013). "Neglected evidence in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: from history to earlier diagnosis". Eur Respir J. 42 (4): 916–23. doi:10.1183/09031936.00027913. PMID 23598958.
- ↑ Shi X, Zheng J, Yan T (2018). "Computational redesign of human respiratory syncytial virus epitope as therapeutic peptide vaccines against pediatric pneumonia". J Mol Model. 24 (4): 79. doi:10.1007/s00894-018-3613-z. PMID 29500665.
- ↑ Shen CF, Wang SM, Ho TS, Liu CC (2017). "Clinical features of community acquired adenovirus pneumonia during the 2011 community outbreak in Southern Taiwan: role of host immune response". BMC Infect Dis. 17 (1): 196. doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2272-5. PMC 5341368. PMID 28270104.
- ↑ "Outbreak of Electronic-Cigarette–Associated Acute Lipoid Pneumonia — North Carolina, July–August 2019 | MMWR".
- ↑ "Outbreak of Electronic-Cigarette–Associated Acute Lipoid Pneumonia — North Carolina, July–August 2019 | MMWR".
- ↑ "CDC vaping illness investigation: Vitamin E acetate linked to THC may be to blame - CNN".