Acute lymphoblastic leukemia historical perspective

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [2]

Overview

Leukemia was first described in 1827 by Alfred-Armand-Louis-Marie Velpeau, a french physician.

Historical perspective

  • In 1845, a series of patients who died with enlarged spleens and changes in the "colors and consistencies of their blood" was reported by the Edinburgh-based pathologist J.H. Bennett; he used the term "leucocythemia" to describe this pathological condition.[2]
  • The term "leukemia" was coined by Rudolf Virchow, the renowned German pathologist, in 1856. As a pioneer in the use of the light microscope in pathology, Virchow was the first to describe the abnormal excess of white blood cells in patients with the clinical syndrome described by Velpeau and Bennett. As Virchow was uncertain of the cause of the white blood cell excess, he used the purely descriptive term "leukemia" (Greek: "white blood") to refer to the condition.[3]
  • Finally, in 1900 the lymphoblast, which is the malignant cell in acute lymphoid leukemia, was characterized by Naegeli, who divided the leukemias into myeloid and lymphocytic.[6][7]

References

  1. Hoffman, Ronald; et al. (2005). Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice (4th. ed. ed.). St. Louis, Mo.: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone. pp. p. 1071. ISBN 0-443-06629-9.
  2. Bennett JH. Two cases of hypertrophy of the spleen and liver, in which death took place from suppuration of blood. Edinburgh Med Surg J. (1845)64:413.
  3. Virchow R: Die Leukämie. In Virchow R (ed): Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Wissenschaftlichen Medizin. Frankfurt, Meidinger, 1856, p 190.
  4. Ebstein W. Ueber die acute Leukämie und Pseudoleukämie. Deutsch Arch Klin Med. (1889)44:343.
  5. Mosler F. Klinische Symptome und Therapie der medullären Leukämie. Berl Klin Wochenschr. (1876)13:702.
  6. Naegeli O. Über rothes Knochenmark und Myeloblasten. Deutsch Med Wochenschr. (1900) 26:287.
  7. Zhen-yi, Wang (2003). "Ham-Wasserman Lecture: Treatment of Acute Leukemia by Inducing Differentiation and Apoptosis". Hematology. PMID 14633774.

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