Acute renal failure causes: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 83: | Line 83: | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | ||
| '''Chemical / poisoning''' | | '''Chemical / poisoning''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[1,2-Dichloromethane]], [[Amyl Alcohol]], [[Aristolochic acid]], [[Arsenic]], [[Bismuth]], [[Cadmium]], [[Carbon Tetrachloride]], [[Carmustine]], [[Cephaloridine]], [[Chloroform]], [[Chromium]], [[Copper]], [[Degreasing solvents]], [[Diethylene glycol]], [[Dioxane]], [[Ethylene Glycol]], [[Gallium nitrate]], [[Gasoline]], [[Germanium]], [[Glue solvent vapors]], [[Gold]], [[Hairdressing solvents]], [[Herbicide]], [[Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene]], [[Lead]], [[Lithium]], [[Lomustine]], [[Mercury]], [[Methanol]], [[Nitrosourea compounds]], [[Paint solvents]], [[Paint thinners]], [[Paints]], [[Para-amino salicylic acid]], [[Paraquat ochratoxin A]], [[Perchloroethylene]], [[Pesticide solvents]], [[Pesticides]], [[Phosphine poisoning ]], [[Platinum]], [[Radiocontrast agents]], [[Silica]], [[Silver]], [[Styrene]], [[Sulphinpyrazone]], [[Sulphonamides]], [[Thallium]], [[Toluene]], [[Trichloroacetylene]], [[Trichloroethane]], [[Trichloroethylene]], [[Uranium]], [[Zinc | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[1,2-Dichloromethane]], [[Amyl Alcohol]], [[Aristolochic acid]], [[Arsenic]], [[Bismuth]], [[Cadmium]], [[Carbon Tetrachloride]], [[Carmustine]], [[Cephaloridine]], [[Chloroform]], [[Chromium]], [[Copper]], [[Degreasing solvents]], [[Diethylene glycol]], [[Dioxane]], [[Ethylene Glycol]], [[Gallium nitrate]], [[Gasoline]], [[Germanium]], [[Glue solvent vapors]], [[Gold]], [[Hairdressing solvents]], [[Herbicide]], [[Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene]], [[Lead]], [[Lithium]], [[Lomustine]], [[Mercury]], [[Methanol]], [[Nitrosourea compounds]], [[Paint solvents]], [[Paint thinners]], [[Paints]], [[Para-amino salicylic acid]], [[Paraquat ochratoxin A]], [[Perchloroethylene]], [[Pesticide solvents]], [[Pesticides]], [[Phosphine poisoning ]], [[Platinum]], [[Radiocontrast agents]], [[Silica]], [[Silver]], [[Styrene]], [[Sulphinpyrazone]], [[Sulphonamides]], [[Thallium]], [[Toluene]], [[Trichloroacetylene]], [[Trichloroethane]], [[Trichloroethylene]], [[Uranium]], [[Zinc]] overdose | ||
|- | |- | ||
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |
Revision as of 01:29, 26 December 2012
Acute renal failure Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Acute renal failure causes On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Acute renal failure causes |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Acute renal failure causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Acute renal failure is usually categorised (as in the flowchart below) according to pre-renal, renal and post-renal causes.
Acute Renal Failure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-renal | Renal | Post-renal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-renal (compromise in the renal blood flow)
- Hypovolemia (decreased blood volume) -
- Shock, hemorrhage, burns, dehydration
- Fluid loss from diuretics use, diabetes mellitus, hypoadrenalism
- Gastrointestinal fluid loss: vomiting, surgical drainage, diarrhea
- Extra-vascular space sequestration: pancreatitis, hypoalbuminemia, peritonitis, trauma, burns
- Low cardiac output -
- Cardiac arrhthymia's
- Congestive heart failure: left ventricular failure, right ventricular failure
- Valvular disorders: severe aortic stenosis
- Severe pulmonary hypertension, massive pulmonary emobolism
- Systemic vasodilatation -
- Hepatorenal syndrome in which renal perfusion is compromised in liver failure (cirrhosis with ascites)
- Vascular problems -
- Atheroembolic disease
- Renal vein thrombosis (which can occur as a complication of the nephrotic syndrome)
- Renal hypoperfusion from cyclooxygenase inhibitors, ACE inhibitors
- Renal vasoconstriction from hypercalcemia, cyclosporine, tacrolimus and amphotericin B
- Hyperviscosity syndrome -
Renal (damage to the kidney itself)
- Diseases affecting the renal vasculature -
- Renal arterial obstruction: atherosclerosis, dissecting aneurysm, thrombosis, embolism
- Renal venous obstruction: thrombosis of the veins
- Diseases affecting the renal glomeruli -
- Glomerulonephritis, which may be due to a variety of causes, such as anti glomerular basement membrane disease/ Goodpasture's syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis or acute lupus nephritis with systemic lupus erythematosus
- Vasculitis
- Accelerated hypertension
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- Acute tubular necrosis from
- Ischemia - Same causes as for pre-renal failure
- Toxins - Radiocontrast agents, aminoglycosides, cisplatin, acetaminophen, myoglobin from rhabdomyolysis, hemosiderin from hemolysis, light chain immunoglobulins in multiple myeloma, uric acid crystals, etc.
- Interstitial nephritis
- Infections: Acute pyelonephritis, cytomegalovirus infection, etc.
- Allergic: Penicillin's, sulphonamides, rifampin, diuretics, ACE inhibitors
- Infiltration: Malignancies (leukemias and lymphoma's)
- Graft rejection
Post-renal (obstructive causes in the urinary tract)
- Ureteric:
- Ureteric calculi
- Blood clot
- Sloughed renal pappilae
- External compression (retroperitoneal fibrosis)
- Bladder:
- Medication interfering with normal bladder emptying
- Neurogenic bladder
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy or prostate cancer.
- Urethal:
- Obstructed urinary catheter
- Urethral strictures
- Phimosis
- Posterior urethral valve
Complete list of Causes by Organ System
Cardiovascular | Malignant hypertension, Systemic hypertension |
Chemical / poisoning | 1,2-Dichloromethane, Amyl Alcohol, Aristolochic acid, Arsenic, Bismuth, Cadmium, Carbon Tetrachloride, Carmustine, Cephaloridine, Chloroform, Chromium, Copper, Degreasing solvents, Diethylene glycol, Dioxane, Ethylene Glycol, Gallium nitrate, Gasoline, Germanium, Glue solvent vapors, Gold, Hairdressing solvents, Herbicide, Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene, Lead, Lithium, Lomustine, Mercury, Methanol, Nitrosourea compounds, Paint solvents, Paint thinners, Paints, Para-amino salicylic acid, Paraquat ochratoxin A, Perchloroethylene, Pesticide solvents, Pesticides, Phosphine poisoning , Platinum, Radiocontrast agents, Silica, Silver, Styrene, Sulphinpyrazone, Sulphonamides, Thallium, Toluene, Trichloroacetylene, Trichloroethane, Trichloroethylene, Uranium, Zinc overdose |
Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
Drug Side Effect | |
Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
Endocrine | No underlying causes |
Environmental | No underlying causes |
Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
Genetic | |
Hematologic | |
Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
Infectious Disease | |
Musculoskeletal / Ortho | |
Neurologic | No underlying causes |
Nutritional / Metabolic | |
Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
Oncologic | |
Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
Pulmonary | |
Renal / Electrolyte | |
Rheum / Immune / Allergy | |
Sexual | |
Trauma | No underlying causes |
Urologic | Obstructive uropathy, Reflux nephropathy, Hydronephrosis |
Dental | No underlying causes |
Miscellaneous |
Causes in Alphabetical Order