Adrenal atrophy: Difference between revisions

	Adrenal atrophy Microchapters
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Revision as of 15:57, 20 September 2012

For patient information, click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Adiposogenital dystrophy from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Template:WikiDoc Sources

Pathological Findings

Adrenal atrophy Image courtesy of Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
Adrenal atrophy Image courtesy of Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
Adrenal atrophy Image courtesy of Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
Adrenal atrophy Image courtesy of Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
Adrenal atrophy Image courtesy of Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research
SCHILDER'S DISEASE, ADRENAL ATROPHY Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD © PEIR University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology
SCHILDER'S DISEASE, ADRENAL ATROPHY, KIDNEY AND AORTA Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology
ADDISON'S DISEASE, ADRENAL ATROPHY Image courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology

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+==[[Adiposogenital dystrophy overview|Overview]]==
-==Pathophysiology==
+==[[Adiposogenital dystrophy historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
-===Primary adrenal insufficiency===
+==[[Adiposogenital dystrophy classification|Classification]]==
-Primary adrenal insufficiency, which can be acute or chronic, may be caused by the anatomic destruction of the gland. This destruction can have various causes, including [[tuberculosis]] (TB) or fungal infection, other diseases infiltrating the adrenal glands, and hemorrhage. However, the most frequent cause is idiopathic atrophy, which is probably autoimmune in origin.
+==[[Adiposogenital dystrophy pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-Primary adrenal insufficiency also may be caused by metabolic failure (eg, insufficient hormone production). This failure may be a result of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, enzyme inhibitors (e.g., [[metyrapone]]), or cytotoxic agents (e.g., [[mitotane]]).
+==[[Adiposogenital dystrophy causes|Causes]]==
-Primary adrenocortical insufficiency is rare and it occurs at any age. The male-to-female ratio is 1:1.
+==[[Adiposogenital dystrophy differential diagnosis|Differentiating Adiposogenital dystrophy from other Diseases]]==
-===Secondary adrenal insufficiency===
+==[[Adiposogenital dystrophy epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
-Secondary adrenal insufficiency may be caused by [[hypopituitarism]] due to hypothalamic-pituitary disease, or it may result from suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by exogenous steroids or endogenous steroids (i.e., [[tumor]]).
+==[[Adiposogenital dystrophy risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
-Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency is relatively common. Extensive therapeutic use of steroids has greatly contributed to increased incidence.
+==[[Adiposogenital dystrophy screening|Screening]]==
-===Acute adrenocortical insufficiency===
+==[[Adiposogenital dystrophy natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
-Adrenal crisis may result from an acute exacerbation of chronic insufficiency, usually caused by sepsis or surgical stress. Acute adrenal insufficiency also can be caused by adrenal hemorrhage (e.g., usually septicemia-induced [[Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome]] - [[fulminant meningococcemia]]) and anticoagulation complications.
+==Diagnosis==
+[[Adiposogenital dystrophy history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Adiposogenital dystrophy physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Adiposogenital dystrophy laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Adiposogenital dystrophy electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Adiposogenital dystrophy head x ray|Head X Ray]] | [[Adiposogenital dystrophy CT|CT]] | [[Adiposogenital dystrophy MRI|MRI]] | [[Adiposogenital dystrophy vision_test|Vision Test]] | [[Adiposogenital dystrophy other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Adiposogenital dystrophy other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
-[[Steroid]] withdrawal is the most common cause of acute adrenocortical insufficiency, and it almost exclusively causes a glucocorticoid deficiency.
+==Treatment==
+[[Adiposogenital dystrophy medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Adiposogenital dystrophy primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Adiposogenital dystrophy secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Adiposogenital dystrophy cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] |  [[Adiposogenital dystrophy future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-==Symptoms==
+==Case Studies==
-*[[Fatigue]]
+[[Adiposogenital dystrophy case study one|Case #1]]
-*[[Weakness]]
-*[[Depression]]
+{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-*[[Frustration]]
+{{WikiDoc Sources}}
-*Premenstrual tension
-*[[Nervousness]]
-*Scanty perspiration
+{{Endocrine pathology}}
-*Inability to concentrate
-*[[Lightheadedness]]
+[[Category:Growth disorders]]
-*Sweet cravings
+[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
-*[[Irritability]]
+[[Category:Endocrinology]]
-*[[Insomnia]]
-*[[Allergies]]
-*[[Headache]]s
 ==Pathological Findings==
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 </div>
-[[Category:Endocrinology]]
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}

v t e Endocrine pathology: endocrine diseases (E00-35, 240-259)
Thyroid	Hypothyroidism (Iodine deficiency, Cretinism, Congenital hypothyroidism, Goitre, Myxedema) - Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease, Toxic multinodular goitre, Teratoma with thyroid tissue or Struma ovarii) - Thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Riedel's thyroiditis) - Euthyroid sick syndrome
Pancreas	Diabetes mellitus (type 1, type 2, coma, angiopathy, ketoacidosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy) - Hypoglycemia - Hyperinsulinism - Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - insulin receptor (Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome)
Parathyroid	Hypoparathyroidism (Pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Hyperparathyroidism (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary)
Pituitary	Hyperpituitarism (Acromegaly, Hyperprolactinaemia, SIADH) - Hypopituitarism (Simmonds' disease / Sheehan's syndrome, Kallmann syndrome, Growth hormone deficiency, Diabetes insipidus) - Adiposogenital dystrophy - Empty sella syndrome - Hypophysitis
Adrenal	Cushing's syndrome (Nelson's syndrome, Pseudo-Cushing's syndrome) - CAH (Lipoid, 3β, 11β, 17α, 21α) - Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome, Bartter syndrome) - Adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) - Hypoaldosteronism
Gonads	Ovarian dysfunction (Polycystic ovary syndrome, Premature ovarian failure) - Testicular dysfunction (5-alpha-reductase deficiency) - Testosterone biosynthesis (17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency) - General (Hypogonadism, Delayed puberty, Precocious puberty)
Other	Androgen insensitivity syndrome - Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome - Carcinoid syndrome - Gigantism - Short stature (Laron syndrome, Psychogenic dwarfism) - Multiple endocrine neoplasia (1, 2) - Progeria - Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome

Adrenal atrophy: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 15:57, 20 September 2012

Diagnosis

Treatment

Case Studies

Pathological Findings

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