Epididymoorchitis physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The main focus of physical examination in patients with epididymoorchitis is [[scrotum|scrotal]] and [[testicular]] examination. Signs that may be present include [[testicular]] [[swelling]], [[tenderness]] on [[palpation]], as well as [[erythema]]. Other signs include relief of [[pain]] upon elevation of the [[testis]]. Unlike patients with [[testicular torsion]], patients with epididymoorchitis have an intact [[cremasteric reflex]]. | |||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
The following physical signs may be apparent upon examination of patient with epididymoorchitis:<ref name="pmid19378875">{{cite journal |vauthors=Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D |title=Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=79 |issue=7 |pages=583–7 |year=2009 |pmid=19378875 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21490048">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart A, Ubee SS, Davies H |title=Epididymo-orchitis |journal=BMJ |volume=342 |issue= |pages=d1543 |year=2011 |pmid=21490048 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | The following physical signs may be apparent upon examination of patient with epididymoorchitis:<ref name="pmid19378875">{{cite journal |vauthors=Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D |title=Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=79 |issue=7 |pages=583–7 |year=2009 |pmid=19378875 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21490048">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stewart A, Ubee SS, Davies H |title=Epididymo-orchitis |journal=BMJ |volume=342 |issue= |pages=d1543 |year=2011 |pmid=21490048 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9651416">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kadish HA, Bolte RG |title=A retrospective review of pediatric patients with epididymitis, testicular torsion, and torsion of testicular appendages |journal=Pediatrics |volume=102 |issue=1 Pt 1 |pages=73–6 |year=1998 |pmid=9651416 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11350430">{{cite journal |vauthors=Luzzi GA, O'Brien TS |title=Acute epididymitis |journal=BJU Int. |volume=87 |issue=8 |pages=747–55 |year=2001 |pmid=11350430 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*General appearance: Patients with epididymoorchitis usually look uncomfortable while seated | *General appearance: Patients with epididymoorchitis usually look uncomfortable while seated | ||
*Vital signs: [[fever]] and [[tachycardia]] may be present | *Vital signs: [[fever]] and [[tachycardia]] may be present | ||
*[[Scrotum|Scrotal]] and [[testicle|testicular]] examination: look for swelling or tenderness on [[palpation]] of the [[testicle]] or palpation of a [[tender]] [[spermatic cord]], which is suggestive of epididymitis. There may also be an area of [[induration]]. In the later stages of epididymoorchitis, there may be [[scrotum|scrotal]] wall [[erythema]] that mimics [[testicular torsion]] | *[[Scrotum|Scrotal]] and [[testicle|testicular]] examination: look for [[swelling]] or [[tenderness]] on [[palpation]] of the [[testicle]] or palpation of a [[tender]] [[spermatic cord]], which is suggestive of epididymitis. There may also be an area of [[induration]]. In the later stages of epididymoorchitis, there may be [[scrotum|scrotal]] wall [[erythema]] that mimics [[testicular torsion]] | ||
*[[Cremasteric reflex]]: [[ipsilateral]] [[cremasteric reflex]] is usually intact in cases of epididymoorchitis | *[[Cremasteric reflex]]: [[ipsilateral]] [[cremasteric reflex]] is usually intact in cases of epididymoorchitis | ||
*Prehn sign: Epididymoorchitis usually has a positive Prehn sign, which is the relief of pain with elevation of the [[testicle]] | *[[Prehn's sign]]: Epididymoorchitis usually has a positive [[Prehn's sign]], which is the relief of pain with elevation of the [[testicle]] | ||
*[[Inguinal]] | *[[Inguinal region|Inguinal area]] examination: [[Inguinal region|inguinal area]] is examined to look for [[hernias]] or swollen/tender [[lymph nodes]] | ||
*[[Costovertebral]] angle tenderness or tenderness on palpation of the | *[[Costovertebral]] angle [[tenderness]] or [[tenderness]] on [[palpation]] of the suprapubic region may reveal concomitant [[pyelonephritis]] and [[cystitis]], respectively | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{WH}}{{WS}} | {{WH}}{{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Emergency medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Disease]] | |||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Infectious disease]] | |||
[[Category:Urology]] | |||
Latest revision as of 21:35, 29 July 2020
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Epididymoorchitis Microchapters |
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Epididymoorchitis physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Epididymoorchitis physical examination |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Epididymoorchitis physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
Overview
The main focus of physical examination in patients with epididymoorchitis is scrotal and testicular examination. Signs that may be present include testicular swelling, tenderness on palpation, as well as erythema. Other signs include relief of pain upon elevation of the testis. Unlike patients with testicular torsion, patients with epididymoorchitis have an intact cremasteric reflex.
Physical Examination
The following physical signs may be apparent upon examination of patient with epididymoorchitis:[1][2][3][4]
- General appearance: Patients with epididymoorchitis usually look uncomfortable while seated
- Vital signs: fever and tachycardia may be present
- Scrotal and testicular examination: look for swelling or tenderness on palpation of the testicle or palpation of a tender spermatic cord, which is suggestive of epididymitis. There may also be an area of induration. In the later stages of epididymoorchitis, there may be scrotal wall erythema that mimics testicular torsion
- Cremasteric reflex: ipsilateral cremasteric reflex is usually intact in cases of epididymoorchitis
- Prehn's sign: Epididymoorchitis usually has a positive Prehn's sign, which is the relief of pain with elevation of the testicle
- Inguinal area examination: inguinal area is examined to look for hernias or swollen/tender lymph nodes
- Costovertebral angle tenderness or tenderness on palpation of the suprapubic region may reveal concomitant pyelonephritis and cystitis, respectively
References
- ↑ Trojian TH, Lishnak TS, Heiman D (2009). "Epididymitis and orchitis: an overview". Am Fam Physician. 79 (7): 583–7. PMID 19378875.
- ↑ Stewart A, Ubee SS, Davies H (2011). "Epididymo-orchitis". BMJ. 342: d1543. PMID 21490048.
- ↑ Kadish HA, Bolte RG (1998). "A retrospective review of pediatric patients with epididymitis, testicular torsion, and torsion of testicular appendages". Pediatrics. 102 (1 Pt 1): 73–6. PMID 9651416.
- ↑ Luzzi GA, O'Brien TS (2001). "Acute epididymitis". BJU Int. 87 (8): 747–55. PMID 11350430.