Primary central nervous system lymphoma natural history, complications, and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Marjan Khan M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

If left untreated, primary central nervous system lymphoma may progress to develop elevated intracranial pressure, ocular symptoms, focal neurological deficits, and neuropsychiatric problems. Common complications of primary central nervous system lymphoma include relapse, extracranial or subcutaneous metastasis, neuropsychiatric problems, and neurological toxicity. The prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma is generally poor.

Natural History

  • Primary central nervous system lymphoma is usually an aggressive lymphoma.[1]
  • The clinical course is rapidly fatal; these patients usually present with signs of elevated intracranial pressure, nausea, papilledema, vomiting, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.[2]

Complications

Common complications of primary central nervous system lymphoma include:[3][4][5]

  • Neurological toxicity

Neurological Toxicity

Prognosis

  • The prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma is generally poor.[1][4]
  • Poor prognostic factors for primary central nervous system lymphoma include:[1][6]

In Immunocompetent Patients

In AIDS patients

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/types-of-nhl/primary-cns-lymphoma/?region=on. Accessed on February 17, 2016
  2. Manenti, G.; Di Giuliano, F.; Bindi, A.; Liberto, V.; Funel, V.; Garaci, F. G.; Floris, R.; Simonetti, G. (2013). "A Case of Primary T-Cell Central Nervous System Lymphoma: MR Imaging and MR Spectroscopy Assessment". Case Reports in Radiology. 2013: 1–5. doi:10.1155/2013/916348. ISSN 2090-6862.
  3. Symptoms of primary CNS Lymphoma. Lymphomation 2016. http://www.lymphomation.org/type-cns.htm. Accessed on February 24, 2016
  4. 4.0 4.1 Ahmed, Zartaj; Ramanathan, Ramesh K.; Ram, Sunil; Newell, James; Halepota, Maqbool (2014). "Unusual Relapse of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma at Site of Lumbar Puncture". Case Reports in Hematology. 2014: 1–4. doi:10.1155/2014/161952. ISSN 2090-6560.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Yamanaka, Ryuya (2013). "Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma − Recent Advance on Clinical Research". doi:10.5772/52757.
  6. Prognsotic factors for primary CNS lymphoma. National cancer institute 2016. http://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/primary-cns-lymphoma-treatment-pdq. Accessed on February 19, 2016
  7. 7.0 7.1 7.2 Prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma. Wikipedia 2016. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_central_nervous_system_lymphoma. Accessed on February 18, 2016


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