Subarachnoid hemorrhage epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage was estimated 10.5 per 100 000 person annually.<ref name="pmid11157554">{{cite journal| author=van Gijn J, Rinkel GJ| title=Subarachnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management. | journal=Brain | year= 2001 | volume= 124 | issue= Pt 2 | pages= 249-78 | pmid=11157554 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11157554 }} </ref> Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) usually occurs at a relatively young age. the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) increases with age and commonly affects adults ≥50 years of age.<ref name="pmid9445359">{{cite journal| author=Rinkel GJ, Djibuti M, Algra A, van Gijn J| title=Prevalence and risk of rupture of intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review. | journal=Stroke | year= 1998 | volume= 29 | issue= 1 | pages= 251-6 | pmid=9445359 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9445359 }} </ref> females are slightly more affected with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage|subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) than men (1.24 times higher than in men).<ref name="pmid9445359" /><ref>de Rooij NK, Linn FH, van der Plas JA, Algra A, Rinkel GJ. Incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review with emphasis on region, age, gender and time trends. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:1365–1372.</ref> | |||
==Epidemiology and demographics== | ==Epidemiology and demographics== | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
*The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage was estimated 10.5 per 100 000 person annually.<ref name="pmid11157554">{{cite journal| author=van Gijn J, Rinkel GJ| title=Subarachnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management. | journal=Brain | year= 2001 | volume= 124 | issue= Pt 2 | pages= 249-78 | pmid=11157554 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11157554 }} </ref> | *The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage was estimated 10.5 per 100 000 person annually.<ref name="pmid11157554">{{cite journal| author=van Gijn J, Rinkel GJ| title=Subarachnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management. | journal=Brain | year= 2001 | volume= 124 | issue= Pt 2 | pages= 249-78 | pmid=11157554 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11157554 }} </ref> | ||
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*The mean age of perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid hemorrhage|subarachnoid hemorrhage (PM-NASAH) occurrence was reported between 50 and 55 years.<ref name="pmid16518463">{{cite journal| author=Flaherty ML, Haverbusch M, Kissela B, Kleindorfer D, Schneider A, Sekar P et al.| title=Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. | journal=J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 14 | issue= 6 | pages= 267-71 | pmid=16518463 | doi=10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2005.07.004 | pmc=1388255 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16518463 }} </ref> | *The mean age of perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid hemorrhage|subarachnoid hemorrhage (PM-NASAH) occurrence was reported between 50 and 55 years.<ref name="pmid16518463">{{cite journal| author=Flaherty ML, Haverbusch M, Kissela B, Kleindorfer D, Schneider A, Sekar P et al.| title=Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. | journal=J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 14 | issue= 6 | pages= 267-71 | pmid=16518463 | doi=10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2005.07.004 | pmc=1388255 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16518463 }} </ref> | ||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
*Women are slightly more affected with aneurysmal | *Women are slightly more affected with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage|subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) than men (1.24 times higher than in men).<ref name="pmid9445359" /><ref>de Rooij NK, Linn FH, van der Plas JA, Algra A, Rinkel GJ. Incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review with emphasis on region, age, gender and time trends. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:1365–1372.</ref> | ||
*Unlike aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), the incidence of perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (PM-NASAH) does not vary by gender.<ref name="pmid16518463">{{cite journal| author=Flaherty ML, Haverbusch M, Kissela B, Kleindorfer D, Schneider A, Sekar P et al.| title=Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. | journal=J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 14 | issue= 6 | pages= 267-71 | pmid=16518463 | doi=10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2005.07.004 | pmc=1388255 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16518463 }} </ref> | *Unlike aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), the incidence of perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (PM-NASAH) does not vary by gender.<ref name="pmid16518463">{{cite journal| author=Flaherty ML, Haverbusch M, Kissela B, Kleindorfer D, Schneider A, Sekar P et al.| title=Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. | journal=J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis | year= 2005 | volume= 14 | issue= 6 | pages= 267-71 | pmid=16518463 | doi=10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2005.07.004 | pmc=1388255 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16518463 }} </ref> | ||
===Race=== | ===Race=== | ||
*The incidence of aneurysmal | *The incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH is higher in Blacks and Hispanics compere to white Americans.<ref name="pmid1738378">{{cite journal| author=Broderick JP, Brott T, Tomsick T, Huster G, Miller R| title=The risk of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhages in blacks as compared with whites. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1992 | volume= 326 | issue= 11 | pages= 733-6 | pmid=1738378 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199203123261103 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1738378 }} </ref> | ||
===Geographic region=== | ===Geographic region=== | ||
*In the United States, the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage ( | *In the United States, the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is 10 to 15 cases per 100,000 population.<ref name="pmid18162891">{{cite journal| author=Shea AM, Reed SD, Curtis LH, Alexander MJ, Villani JJ, Schulman KA| title=Characteristics of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in the United States in 2003. | journal=Neurosurgery | year= 2007 | volume= 61 | issue= 6 | pages= 1131-7; discussion 1137-8 | pmid=18162891 | doi=10.1227/01.neu.0000306090.30517.ae | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18162891 }} </ref> | ||
*In China, the incidence of [[subarachnoid hemorrhage|aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)]] is 2 cases per 100,000 population.<ref>Ingall T, Asplund K, Mahonen M, Bonita R. A multinational com- parison of subarachnoid hemorrhage epidemiology in the WHO | *In China, the incidence of aneurysmal [[subarachnoid hemorrhage|aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)]] is 2 cases per 100,000 population.<ref>Ingall T, Asplund K, Mahonen M, Bonita R. A multinational com- parison of subarachnoid hemorrhage epidemiology in the WHO | ||
MONICA stroke study. Stroke. 2000;31:1054 –1061. | MONICA stroke study. Stroke. 2000;31:1054 –1061. | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
*In South and Central America, the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage ( | *In South and Central America, the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is 4 cases per 100,000 population.<ref name="pmid17470467">{{cite journal| author=de Rooij NK, Linn FH, van der Plas JA, Algra A, Rinkel GJ| title=Incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review with emphasis on region, age, gender and time trends. | journal=J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry | year= 2007 | volume= 78 | issue= 12 | pages= 1365-72 | pmid=17470467 | doi=10.1136/jnnp.2007.117655 | pmc=2095631 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17470467 }} </ref> | ||
*In Finland and Japan, the incidence of [[subarachnoid hemorrhage|aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)]] is 19 to 23 cases per 100,000 population. <ref name="pmid10797165">{{cite journal| author=Ingall T, Asplund K, Mähönen M, Bonita R| title=A multinational comparison of subarachnoid hemorrhage epidemiology in the WHO MONICA stroke study. | journal=Stroke | year= 2000 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 1054-61 | pmid=10797165 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10797165 }} </ref> | *In Finland and Japan, the incidence of aneurysmal [[subarachnoid hemorrhage|aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)]] is 19 to 23 cases per 100,000 population. <ref name="pmid10797165">{{cite journal| author=Ingall T, Asplund K, Mähönen M, Bonita R| title=A multinational comparison of subarachnoid hemorrhage epidemiology in the WHO MONICA stroke study. | journal=Stroke | year= 2000 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 1054-61 | pmid=10797165 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10797165 }} </ref> | ||
===Case fatality rate=== | ===Case fatality rate=== | ||
* | *An average case fatality rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was estimated to be 50,000 cases per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid9056628">{{cite journal| author=Hop JW, Rinkel GJ, Algra A, van Gijn J| title=Case-fatality rates and functional outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review. | journal=Stroke | year= 1997 | volume= 28 | issue= 3 | pages= 660-4 | pmid=9056628 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9056628 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8023347">{{cite journal| author=Broderick JP, Brott TG, Duldner JE, Tomsick T, Leach A| title=Initial and recurrent bleeding are the major causes of death following subarachnoid hemorrhage. | journal=Stroke | year= 1994 | volume= 25 | issue= 7 | pages= 1342-7 | pmid=8023347 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8023347 }} </ref> | ||
** 10,000 cases per 100,000 individuals die prior reaching the hospital | |||
** 25,000 cases per 100,000 individuals die within 24 hours of SAH | |||
** 45,000 cases per 100,000 individuals die within 30 days of SAH | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Latest revision as of 14:19, 13 December 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mehrsefat, M.D. [2]
Overview
The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage was estimated 10.5 per 100 000 person annually.[1] Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) usually occurs at a relatively young age. the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) increases with age and commonly affects adults ≥50 years of age.[2] females are slightly more affected with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage|subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) than men (1.24 times higher than in men).[2][3]
Epidemiology and demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage was estimated 10.5 per 100 000 person annually.[1]
Age
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) usually occurs at a relatively young age
- The incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) increases with age and commonly affects adults ≥50 years of age.[2]
- The mean age of perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid hemorrhage|subarachnoid hemorrhage (PM-NASAH) occurrence was reported between 50 and 55 years.[4]
Gender
- Women are slightly more affected with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage|subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) than men (1.24 times higher than in men).[2][5]
- Unlike aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), the incidence of perimesencephalic nonaneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (PM-NASAH) does not vary by gender.[4]
Race
- The incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH is higher in Blacks and Hispanics compere to white Americans.[6]
Geographic region
- In the United States, the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is 10 to 15 cases per 100,000 population.[7]
- In China, the incidence of aneurysmal aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is 2 cases per 100,000 population.[8]
- In South and Central America, the incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is 4 cases per 100,000 population.[9]
- In Finland and Japan, the incidence of aneurysmal aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is 19 to 23 cases per 100,000 population. [10]
Case fatality rate
- An average case fatality rate of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was estimated to be 50,000 cases per 100,000 individuals.[11][12]
- 10,000 cases per 100,000 individuals die prior reaching the hospital
- 25,000 cases per 100,000 individuals die within 24 hours of SAH
- 45,000 cases per 100,000 individuals die within 30 days of SAH
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 van Gijn J, Rinkel GJ (2001). "Subarachnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management". Brain. 124 (Pt 2): 249–78. PMID 11157554.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Rinkel GJ, Djibuti M, Algra A, van Gijn J (1998). "Prevalence and risk of rupture of intracranial aneurysms: a systematic review". Stroke. 29 (1): 251–6. PMID 9445359.
- ↑ de Rooij NK, Linn FH, van der Plas JA, Algra A, Rinkel GJ. Incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review with emphasis on region, age, gender and time trends. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:1365–1372.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Flaherty ML, Haverbusch M, Kissela B, Kleindorfer D, Schneider A, Sekar P; et al. (2005). "Perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage: incidence, risk factors, and outcome". J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 14 (6): 267–71. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2005.07.004. PMC 1388255. PMID 16518463.
- ↑ de Rooij NK, Linn FH, van der Plas JA, Algra A, Rinkel GJ. Incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review with emphasis on region, age, gender and time trends. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78:1365–1372.
- ↑ Broderick JP, Brott T, Tomsick T, Huster G, Miller R (1992). "The risk of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhages in blacks as compared with whites". N Engl J Med. 326 (11): 733–6. doi:10.1056/NEJM199203123261103. PMID 1738378.
- ↑ Shea AM, Reed SD, Curtis LH, Alexander MJ, Villani JJ, Schulman KA (2007). "Characteristics of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in the United States in 2003". Neurosurgery. 61 (6): 1131–7, discussion 1137-8. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000306090.30517.ae. PMID 18162891.
- ↑ Ingall T, Asplund K, Mahonen M, Bonita R. A multinational com- parison of subarachnoid hemorrhage epidemiology in the WHO MONICA stroke study. Stroke. 2000;31:1054 –1061.
- ↑ de Rooij NK, Linn FH, van der Plas JA, Algra A, Rinkel GJ (2007). "Incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review with emphasis on region, age, gender and time trends". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 78 (12): 1365–72. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.117655. PMC 2095631. PMID 17470467.
- ↑ Ingall T, Asplund K, Mähönen M, Bonita R (2000). "A multinational comparison of subarachnoid hemorrhage epidemiology in the WHO MONICA stroke study". Stroke. 31 (5): 1054–61. PMID 10797165.
- ↑ Hop JW, Rinkel GJ, Algra A, van Gijn J (1997). "Case-fatality rates and functional outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review". Stroke. 28 (3): 660–4. PMID 9056628.
- ↑ Broderick JP, Brott TG, Duldner JE, Tomsick T, Leach A (1994). "Initial and recurrent bleeding are the major causes of death following subarachnoid hemorrhage". Stroke. 25 (7): 1342–7. PMID 8023347.