Arthralgia
| Arthralgia | |
| ICD-10 | M25.5 |
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| ICD-9 | 719.4 |
| DiseasesDB | 15237 |
| MeSH | D018771 |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Associate Editor-In-Chief: John Fani Srour, M.D.
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Overview
Arthralgia (from Greek arthro-, joint + -algos, pain) literally means joint pain; [1][2] it is a symptom of injury, infection, illnesses -- in particular arthritis-- or an allergic reaction to medication.[3]
According to MeSH, the term "arthralgia" should only be used when the condition is non-inflammatory, and the term "arthritis" should be used when the condition is inflammatory.[4]
Diagnosis and Causes
Diagnosis involves interviewing the patient and performing physical exams. When attempting to establish the cause of the arthralgia, the emphasis is on the interview [2]. The patient is asked questions intended to narrow the number of potential causes. Given the varied nature of these possible causes, the questions may strike the uninitiated as irrelevant. For example the patient may be asked about dry mouth, light sensitivity, rashes or a history of seizures.[2] [5] Answering yes or no to any of these questions limits the number of possible causes and guides the doctor toward the appropriate exams and lab tests.
The causes of arthralgia are varied and range from, a joints perspective, degenerative and destructive processes such as osteoarthritis and sports injuries to inflammation of tissues surrounding the joints (e.g. bursitis, a painful inflammation of bursa, fluid filled sacks around the joints). [6]
Treatment
Treatment depends on specific underlying cause. The underlying cause will be treated first and foremost. The treatments may include joint replacement surgery, for severely damaged joints, immunosuppressants for immune system dysfunction, antibiotics when an infection is the cause, and discontinuing medication when an allergic reaction is the cause. When treating the primary cause, pain management may still play a role in treatment. The extent of its role varies depending on the specific cause of the arthralgia. Pain management may include stretching exercises, over the counter pain medications, prescription pain medication, or other treatments deemed appropriate for the symptoms.
Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Arthralgia
(In alphabetical order)
Acute myeloid leukemia Acute promyelocytic leukemia Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder Alkhurma virus Ankylosing spondylitis Arthrofibrosis
Autoimmune Hepatitis Avascular necrosis Baker's cyst Barmah Forest virus
- Behcet's disease
- Bismuth
- Blau syndrome (granulomatous arthritis, iritis, and skin rash)
- Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme Disease)
- Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
Bursitis
Celiac Sprue
Chlamydia trachomatis
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
- Ciprofloxacin (Quinolone-induced cartilage toxicity in children)
- Coccidioidomycosis lung infection
- Coeliac disease
- Community-acquired pneumonia
Complex regional pain syndrome
Dengue fever
- Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
Diastasis symphysis pubis
Ebola
Erythema nodosum
- Erythema elevatum diutinum (is a rare type of leukocytoclastic vasculitis characterized by red, purple, brown, or yellow papules, plaques, or nodules)
Familial Mediterranean fever
Gamekeeper's thumb Gaucher's disease Giant cell tumor of bone Gluten-sensitive enteropathy associated conditions Golfer's elbow Gonorrhea
- Gout
- Graft versus host disease
- Haemochromatosis
- Haemophilia type A
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura
- Hepatitis A, B, C
Hereditary multiple exostoses
- Hip dysplasia, congenital
Hurler syndrome
- Hyperimmunoglobulinemia D and periodic fever syndrome ( attacks of fever, arthralgia, skin lesions, and diarrhea)
- Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
- Hypothyroidism
Iliotibial band syndrome
- Interstitial nephritis
- Isotretinoin
- Jacobs arthropathy-camptodactyly syndrome
- Juvenile chronic arthritis
- Kawasaki disease
Kikuchi disease Kniest dysplasia Legg-Calve-Perthes syndrome
Leukemia Ligamentous laxity Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
- Lipoid dermatoarthritis
- Lupus erythematosus
- Lyme disease
- Malaria
Marfan syndrome
- Mayaro virus fever
Metal fume fever
- Methimazole
- Mianserin (antidepressant, also mirtazapine and nefazodone are associated with arthralgia)
- Mixed connective tissue disease
- Morphoea/scleroderma
- Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia: Recessive Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
- Multiple myeloma
Muscular dystrophy
Neuropathic joint disease Noonan's Syndrome
- Norfloxacin
- Obesity
- O'nyong-nyong fever
- Osteoarthritis
- Osteochondritis dissecans
Osteoporosis Otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia
- Paget's disease of bone
- Palindromic rheumatism (idiopathic, periodic arthritis marked by multiple and recurrent attacks affecting one to a few joints, with tissue inflammation around or adjacent to them)
- PAPA syndrome ( Pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum and acne (PAPA) syndrome)
- Parvovirus B19 infection
- Pharyngitis
- Pigmented villonodular synovitis
- Pituitary tumour (*Acromegaly, growth hormone secreting tumor)
Piriformis syndrome Plantar fasciitis pneumoconiosis]]) Poliomyelitis
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Polychondritis, Relapsing
- Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia
- Propylthiouracil
Psoriasis
- Pyoderma gangrenosum
- Pyrazinamide
- Pyrophosphate arthropathy (Pseudogout)
- Rat bite fever (Streptobacillus moniliformis or Spirillum minus)
Reactive arthritis Recessive Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia]]
- Recurrent hereditary polyserositis
Relapsing fever Renal osteodystrophy Retropatellar Pain Syndrome
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Scoliosis Secondary hyperparathyroidism Semliki forest fever
- Sclerosing osteomyelitis of Garre
- Secondary syphilis
- Semliki forest fever
- Serum sickness
- Sickle cell disease
- Sjögren's syndrome
Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis Soft tissue sarcoma Spondylitis Spondylolisthesis Spondylosis
- Stickler syndrome
- Still's Disease, Juvenile-Onset
Subacromial bursitis
Symphysis pubis dysfunction
Tennis elbow Tenosynovitis Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Tuberculosis Tularemia
Viral Hepatitis B Viral Hepatitis C Viral Hepatitis D
- Urate crystal arthropathy (gout)
- Waldenström macroglobulinemia
- Wegener's granulomatosis
- West Nile fever
- Whipple disease
- Wilson's disease
- Wissler-Fanconi syndrome
Wissler-Fanconi syndrome Yellow fever Yersinia enterocolitica Infection (Yersiniosis) Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Zika fever
Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Arthralgia
(By organ system)
See also
References
- ↑ "Arthralgia Definition" (HTML). MedicineNet.com. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Joe G. Hardin. "Arthralgia" (HTML). Clinical Methods - The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
- ↑ James R Philp. "Allergic Drug Reactions - Systemic Allergic Drug Reactions" (HTML). Clinical Methods - The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
- ↑ "MeSH". Retrieved 2007-12-23.
- ↑ "Table 159.3. Selected Symptomatic Extraarticular Features of the Connective Tissue Diseases and the Spondyloarthropathies" (HTML). Clinical Methods - The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
- ↑ Joe G. Hardin. "Table 161.1. Some Common Regional Rheumatic Syndromes" (HTML). Clinical Methods - The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. Retrieved 2007-09-20.
- ↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
- ↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X
External links
Template:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue Template:SIB