African trypanosomiasis natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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==Natural History== | ==Natural History== | ||
A bite by the tsetse fly is often painful and can develop into a red sore, also called a chancre (SHAN-ker).Symptoms begin within 1 to 4 weeks of getting an infected tsetse fly bite and begin with fever, headaches, and joint | # A bite by the tsetse fly is often painful and can develop into a red sore, also called a [[chancre]] (SHAN-ker). | ||
# Symptoms begin within 1 to 4 weeks of getting an infected [[tsetse fly]] bite and begin with [[fever]], [[headaches]], and [[joint pain]]s. | |||
# As the [[parasite]]s enter through both the [[blood]] and [[lymph system]]s, [[lymph nodes]] often [[swell]] up to tremendous sizes. | |||
# [[Winterbottom's sign]], the telltale swollen lymph glands along the back of the neck may appear. | |||
# If untreated, the disease slowly overcomes the defenses of the infected person, and symptoms spread to include [[anemia]], [[endocrine]], [[cardiac]], and [[kidney]] diseases and disorders. | |||
# The disease then enters a neurological phase when the parasite passes through the [[blood-brain barrier]]. | |||
# The symptoms of the second phase give the disease its name; besides [[confusion]] and reduced coordination, the sleep cycle is disturbed with bouts of [[fatigue]] punctuated with [[manic]] periods progressing to daytime slumber and nighttime [[insomnia]]. | |||
# Without treatment, the disease is fatal, with progressive mental deterioration leading to [[coma]] and death. Damage caused in the neurological phase can be irreversible. | |||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
Revision as of 16:49, 1 November 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Pilar Almonacid
Natural History
- A bite by the tsetse fly is often painful and can develop into a red sore, also called a chancre (SHAN-ker).
- Symptoms begin within 1 to 4 weeks of getting an infected tsetse fly bite and begin with fever, headaches, and joint pains.
- As the parasites enter through both the blood and lymph systems, lymph nodes often swell up to tremendous sizes.
- Winterbottom's sign, the telltale swollen lymph glands along the back of the neck may appear.
- If untreated, the disease slowly overcomes the defenses of the infected person, and symptoms spread to include anemia, endocrine, cardiac, and kidney diseases and disorders.
- The disease then enters a neurological phase when the parasite passes through the blood-brain barrier.
- The symptoms of the second phase give the disease its name; besides confusion and reduced coordination, the sleep cycle is disturbed with bouts of fatigue punctuated with manic periods progressing to daytime slumber and nighttime insomnia.
- Without treatment, the disease is fatal, with progressive mental deterioration leading to coma and death. Damage caused in the neurological phase can be irreversible.
Prognosis
- No one is immune from East African trypanosomiasis. Even if you had the disease once, you can get re-infected.[1]