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| {{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} Pilar Almonacid | | {{CMG}}; {{AOEIC}} Pilar Almonacid |
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| ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
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| <!-- Image with unknown copyright status removed: [[Image:Sleepinggeographic.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Geographic distribution vector for sleeping sickness cases.]] -->
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| According to recent estimates, the disability adjusted life years (9 to 10 years) (DALYs) lost due to sleeping sickness are 2.0 million.<ref>{{cite paper
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| |author=World Health Organization (Geneva)
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| |title=World Health Report 2000: Health Systems Improving Performance
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| |date=2000
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| |url=http://www.who.int/tdr/diseases/tryp/direction.htm#Refs
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| }}</ref>
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| Recent estimates indicate that over 60 million people living in some 250 foci are at risk of contracting the disease, and there are about 300,000 new cases each year.<ref>{{cite paper
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| |author=WHO Expert Committee on Control and Surveillance of African trypanosomiasis (Geneva)
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| |title=WHO Technical Report Series,No.881
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| |date=1998
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| |url=http://www.who.int/tdr/diseases/tryp/direction.htm#Refs
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| }}</ref>
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| The disease has been recorded as occurring in 36 countries, all in sub-Saharan Africa.
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| Humans are the main reservoir for ''Trypanosoma brucei gambiense'', but this species can also be found in pigs and other animals. Wild game animals and cattle are the main reservoir of ''T. b. rhodesiense''.
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| Horse-flies (Tabanidae) and Stomoxydinae possibly could play a role by mechanical transmission (in special situations) not only of [[Nagana]] (the animal form of sleeping sickness) but also of the human disease form.<ref>{{cite journal
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| |author=Cherenet T, Sani RA, Panandam JM, Nadzr S, Speybroeck N, van den Bossche P
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| |title=Seasonal prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in a tsetse-infested zone and a tsetse-free zone of the Amhara Region, north-west Ethiopia
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| |journal=[[The Onderstepoort journal of veterinary research]]
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| |year=2004 |volume=71 | issue=4 | pages= 307–312
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| |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15732457&query_hl=1
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| }}</ref>
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| ===East African Trypanosomiasis===
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| Worldwide, approximately 40,000 new cases of both East and West African trypanosomiasis are reported to the [[World Health Organization]] each year. However, many cases are not reported due to a lack of infrastructure and the true number of new cases is undoubtedly much higher. Since 1967, thirty-six cases of East African trypanosomiasis have been reported within the United States, all among individuals who had traveled to Africa.
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| East African trypanosomiasis is found in parts of Eastern and Central Africa, including Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Ethiopia, Zaire, Zimbabwe, and Botswana. Areas where infection is spread are largely determined by the location of the infected [[tsetse fly]] and wild animal population.
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| ===West African Trypanosomiasis===
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| West African trypanosomiasis can be contracted in parts of Western and Central Africa. The tsetse fly lives only in Africa; areas where infection is spread are largely determined by where the infected tsetse fly is found.<ref>
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| http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/trypanosomiasis/factsht_ea_trypanosomiasis.htm#what
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| http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/trypanosomiasis/factsht_wa_trypanosomiasis.htm</ref>
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| ==References== | | ==References== |