African trypanosomiasis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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{{African trypanosomiasis}} | {{African trypanosomiasis}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The hemo-lymphatic stage of African | The hemo-lymphatic stage of African trympanosomiasis presents with a [[rash]], [[fever]] and [[anemia]] and must be differentiated from other diseases such as [[brucellosis]], [[typhoid fever]], [[malaria]], [[tuberculosis]], [[lymphoma]], [[Dengue]], [[Leptospirosis]]. The most prominent symptom in neurological stage of African trypanosomiasis is [[Altered mental status|mental status changes]] and [[sleep disturbances]], [[Differential diagnosis|differential diagnoses]] in [[CNS]] [[TB]], [[meningitis]], and [[HIV]]-related [[Opportunistic infection|opportunistic infections]], including [[Cryptococcal Meningitis|cryptococcal meningitis]].<ref name="pmid1593042322">{{cite journal|author=Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E|title=Brucellosis.|journal=N Engl J Med|year=2005|volume=352|issue=22|pages=2325-36|pmid=15930423|doi=10.1056/NEJMra050570|pmc=|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15930423}}</ref><ref>Brucellosis "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on January,2017</ref><ref name="pmid754636422">{{cite journal|year=1995|title=Brucellosis: current epidemiology, diagnosis, and management.|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7546364|journal=Curr Clin Top Infect Dis|volume=15|issue=|pages=115-28|doi=|pmc=|pmid=7546364|author=Young EJ}}</ref><ref name="enf22">Enfermedades infecciosas: Brucelosis -Diagnóstico de Brucelosis,Guia para el Equipo de Salud. Ministerio de Salud-Argentina. http://www.msal.gob.ar/images/stories/bes/graficos/0000000304cnt-guia-medica-brucelosis.pdf. Accessed on February 2, 2016</ref> | ||
==Differentiating African trypanosomiasis from other diseases== | ==Differentiating African trypanosomiasis from other diseases== | ||
Revision as of 17:12, 24 July 2017
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Overview
The hemo-lymphatic stage of African trympanosomiasis presents with a rash, fever and anemia and must be differentiated from other diseases such as brucellosis, typhoid fever, malaria, tuberculosis, lymphoma, Dengue, Leptospirosis. The most prominent symptom in neurological stage of African trypanosomiasis is mental status changes and sleep disturbances, differential diagnoses in CNS TB, meningitis, and HIV-related opportunistic infections, including cryptococcal meningitis.[1][2][3][4]
Differentiating African trypanosomiasis from other diseases
The hemo-lymphatic stage of African trympnosomiasis presents with a rash, fever and anemia and must be differentiated from other diseases such as brucellosis, typhoid fever, malaria, tuberculosis, lymphoma, Dengue, Leptospirosis.
- The most prominent symptom in neurological stage of African trypanosomiasis is mental status changes and sleep disturbances, differential diagnoses in CNS TB, meningitis, and HIV-related opportunistic infections, including cryptococcal meningitis.[1][5][3][4]
The differential diagnosis of African trypanosomiasis is given in this comparative table below:
| Differential diagnosis of Brucellosis | Symptoms | Signs | Diagnosis | Additional Findings | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fever | Rash | Diarrhea | Abdominal pain | Weight loss | Painful lymphadenopathy | Hepatosplenomegaly | Arthritis | Lab Findings | ||
| Brucellosis | + | + | - | + | + | + | + | + | Relative lymphocytosis |
Night sweats, often with characteristic smell, likened to wet hay |
| Typhoid fever | + | + | - | + | - | - | + | + | Decreased hemoglobin | Incremental increase in temperature initially and than sustained fever as high as 40°C (104°F) |
| Malaria | + | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | Microcytosis,
elevated LDH |
"Tertian" fever: paroxysms occur every second day |
| Tuberculosis | + | + | - | + | + | + | - | + | Mild normocytic anemia, hyponatremia, and | Night sweats, constant fatigue |
| Lymphoma | + | - | - | + | + | - | + | - | Increase ESR, increased LDH | Night sweats, constant fatigue |
| Mumps | + | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | Relative lymphocytosis, serum amylase elevated | Parotid swelling/tenderness |
| HIV | - | - | - | + | + | + | - | + | Constant fatigue | |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, Tsianos E (2005). "Brucellosis". N Engl J Med. 352 (22): 2325–36. doi:10.1056/NEJMra050570. PMID 15930423.
- ↑ Brucellosis "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on January,2017
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Young EJ (1995). "Brucellosis: current epidemiology, diagnosis, and management". Curr Clin Top Infect Dis. 15: 115–28. PMID 7546364.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Enfermedades infecciosas: Brucelosis -Diagnóstico de Brucelosis,Guia para el Equipo de Salud. Ministerio de Salud-Argentina. http://www.msal.gob.ar/images/stories/bes/graficos/0000000304cnt-guia-medica-brucelosis.pdf. Accessed on February 2, 2016
- ↑ Brucellosis "Dennis Kasper, Anthony Fauci, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Joseph Loscalzo"Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 19e Accessed on January,2017