African trypanosomiasis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

African trypanosomiasis can be classified based upon the pathogen and geographic location into two types: East African trypanosomiasis and West African trypanosomiasis.

Classification

African trypanosomiasis can be classified based upon the pathogen and geographic location into two types: East African trypanosomiasis and West African trypanosomiasis.

Disease	Pathogen	Geographic distribution	Progression	Symptoms
				First stage	Second stage
East African sleeping sickness	Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense	East and Southeast Africa	Rapid (1-2 weeks)	A large sore (chancre) will develop at the site of the tsetse fly bite Fever, headache, muscle and joint aches, and enlarged lymph nodes	Mental deterioration and other neurologic problems. Death ensues usually within months
West African sleeping sickness	Trypanosoma brucei gambiense	West and Central Africa	Slow (1-2 years)	Intermittent fevers, headaches, muscle and joint aches, and malaise. Itching of the skin, swollen lymph nodes, and weight loss	Personality changes, daytime sleepiness with nighttime sleep disturbance, and progressive confusion Other neurologic signs, such as partial paralysis or problems with balance or walking may occur, as well as hormonal imbalances The course of untreated infection rarely lasts longer than 6-7 years and more often kills in about 3 years.