Adenoiditis differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
Line 58: Line 58:
* [[Linezolid]]
* [[Linezolid]]
|-
|-
|[[Croup]]
|[[Croup]]<ref name="Cherry2008">{{cite journal|last1=Cherry|first1=James D.|title=Croup|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=358|issue=4|year=2008|pages=384–391|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp072022}}</ref><ref name="Henrickson2003">{{cite journal|last1=Henrickson|first1=K. J.|title=Parainfluenza Viruses|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|volume=16|issue=2|year=2003|pages=242–264|issn=0893-8512|doi=10.1128/CMR.16.2.242-264.2003}}</ref><ref name="Henrickson2003">{{cite journal|last1=Henrickson|first1=K. J.|title=Parainfluenza Viruses|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|volume=16|issue=2|year=2003|pages=242–264|issn=0893-8512|doi=10.1128/CMR.16.2.242-264.2003}}</ref>
**Viral transcription occurs through virus-specific [[RNA]]-dependent [[RNA polymerase]].<ref name="Henrickson2003">{{cite journal|last1=Henrickson|first1=K. J.|title=Parainfluenza Viruses|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|volume=16|issue=2|year=2003|pages=242–264|issn=0893-8512|doi=10.1128/CMR.16.2.242-264.2003}}</ref>
**The viral [[Messenger RNA|mRNAs]] are translated into [[viral]] [[protein|proteins]], leading to the replication of the [[genome]] into the following:<ref name="Henrickson2003">{{cite journal|last1=Henrickson|first1=K. J.|title=Parainfluenza Viruses|journal=Clinical Microbiology Reviews|volume=16|issue=2|year=2003|pages=242–264|issn=0893-8512|doi=10.1128/CMR.16.2.242-264.2003}}</ref><ref name="SchomackerSchaap-Nutt2012">{{cite journal|last1=Schomacker|first1=Henrick|last2=Schaap-Nutt|first2=Anne|last3=Collins|first3=Peter L|last4=Schmidt|first4=Alexander C|title=Pathogenesis of acute respiratory illness caused by human parainfluenza viruses|journal=Current Opinion in Virology|volume=2|issue=3|year=2012|pages=294–299|issn=18796257|doi=10.1016/j.coviro.2012.02.001}}</ref><ref name="Schaap-NuttLiesman2012">{{cite journal|last1=Schaap-Nutt|first1=Anne|last2=Liesman|first2=Rachael|last3=Bartlett|first3=Emmalene J.|last4=Scull|first4=Margaret A.|last5=Collins|first5=Peter L.|last6=Pickles|first6=Raymond J.|last7=Schmidt|first7=Alexander C.|title=Human parainfluenza virus serotypes differ in their kinetics of replication and cytokine secretion in human tracheobronchial airway epithelium|journal=Virology|volume=433|issue=2|year=2012|pages=320–328|issn=00426822|doi=10.1016/j.virol.2012.08.027}}</ref><ref name ="HistaCroup">{{cite journal |vauthors=Welliver RC, Sun M, Rinaldo D |title=Defective regulation of immune responses in croup due to parainfluenza virus |journal=Pediatr. Res. |volume=19 |issue=7 |pages=716–20 |year=1985 |pmid=2991841 |doi=10.1203/00006450-198507000-00016 |url=}}</ref> 
*Of the four different [[serotype|serotypes]], HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 are the serotypes that cause croup.<ref name ="CroupType">{{cite book | last = Baron | first = Samuel | title = Medical microbiology | publisher = University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston | location = Galveston, Tex | year = 1996 | isbn = 0-9631172-1-1 }}</ref>
|
|
* [[Cough]]
* [[Cough]]

Revision as of 12:14, 14 June 2017

Adenoiditis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Adenoiditis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X Ray

CT

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]

Overview

Diagnosis of adenoiditis can be challenging as majority of upper respiratory tract infections show the same pattern. The most important differential diagnosis include tonsilitis, viral upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis and pharyngitis.

Differential diagnosis

Adenoiditis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause fever, nasal airway obstruction and snoring, and sore throat.

The table below outlines the differences between adenoiditis and other respiratory tract infections.

Differential diagnosis based on fever and sore throat
Disease/Variable Presentation Causes Imaging finding Treatment
Upper respiratory tract infection[1][2][3] _ Symptomatic therapy:
Peritonsillar abscess[4][5][6][7][8][5][6][9][10][11][12] On ultrasound peritonsillar abscess appears as focal irregularly marginated hypoechoic area.
Croup[13][14][14] Steeple sign on neck X-ray
Epiglottitis[19][20] Thumbprint sign on neck x-ray
Pharyngitis

streptococcus

_
Tonsilitis [21][22][23][24] Intraoral or transcutaneous USG may show an abscess making CT scan unnecessary.
  • Primarily affects children between 5 and 15 years old.
Sinusitis[25][26] On CT scan, a mass impinging on the posterior pharyngeal wall with rim enhancement is seen
  • Supportive therapy is the mainstay of treatment for both cases of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis
  • Antibioticsc(macrolides, penicillins, clavulonic acid- amoxicillin)an be added in select cases of acute, as well as chronicrhinosinusitis.

References

  1. ↑ "Antibiotics for adults with acute laryngitis | Cochrane Summaries".
  2. ↑ http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab004403.html Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  3. ↑ http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab000980.html Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold
  4. ↑ Galioto NJ (2008). "Peritonsillar abscess". Am Fam Physician. 77 (2): 199–202. PMID 18246890.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Lyon M, Blaivas M (2005). "Intraoral ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected peritonsillar abscess in the emergency department". Acad Emerg Med. 12 (1): 85–8. doi:10.1197/j.aem.2004.08.045. PMID 15635144.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Boesen T, Jensen F (1992). "Preoperative ultrasonographic verification of peritonsillar abscesses in patients with severe tonsillitis". Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 249 (3): 131–3. PMID 1642863.
  7. ↑ Bandarkar AN, Adeyiga AO, Fordham MT, Preciado D, Reilly BK (2016). "Tonsil ultrasound: technical approach and spectrum of pediatric peritonsillar infections". Pediatr Radiol. 46 (7): 1059–67. doi:10.1007/s00247-015-3505-7. PMID 26637999.
  8. ↑ Scott PM, Loftus WK, Kew J, Ahuja A, Yue V, van Hasselt CA (1999). "Diagnosis of peritonsillar infections: a prospective study of ultrasound, computerized tomography and clinical diagnosis". J Laryngol Otol. 113 (3): 229–32. PMID 10435129.
  9. ↑ Brook I (2004). "Microbiology and management of peritonsillar, retropharyngeal, and parapharyngeal abscesses". J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 62 (12): 1545–50. PMID 15573356.
  10. ↑ Megalamani SB, Suria G, Manickam U, Balasubramanian D, Jothimahalingam S (2008). "Changing trends in bacteriology of peritonsillar abscess". J Laryngol Otol. 122 (9): 928–30. doi:10.1017/S0022215107001144. PMID 18039418.
  11. ↑ Snow DG, Campbell JB, Morgan DW (1991). "The microbiology of peritonsillar sepsis". J Laryngol Otol. 105 (7): 553–5. PMID 1875138.
  12. ↑ Matsuda A, Tanaka H, Kanaya T, Kamata K, Hasegawa M (2002). "Peritonsillar abscess: a study of 724 cases in Japan". Ear Nose Throat J. 81 (6): 384–9. PMID 12092281.
  13. ↑ Cherry, James D. (2008). "Croup". New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (4): 384–391. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp072022. ISSN 0028-4793.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Henrickson, K. J. (2003). "Parainfluenza Viruses". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 16 (2): 242–264. doi:10.1128/CMR.16.2.242-264.2003. ISSN 0893-8512.
  15. ↑ Schomacker, Henrick; Schaap-Nutt, Anne; Collins, Peter L; Schmidt, Alexander C (2012). "Pathogenesis of acute respiratory illness caused by human parainfluenza viruses". Current Opinion in Virology. 2 (3): 294–299. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2012.02.001. ISSN 1879-6257.
  16. ↑ Schaap-Nutt, Anne; Liesman, Rachael; Bartlett, Emmalene J.; Scull, Margaret A.; Collins, Peter L.; Pickles, Raymond J.; Schmidt, Alexander C. (2012). "Human parainfluenza virus serotypes differ in their kinetics of replication and cytokine secretion in human tracheobronchial airway epithelium". Virology. 433 (2): 320–328. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2012.08.027. ISSN 0042-6822.
  17. ↑ Welliver RC, Sun M, Rinaldo D (1985). "Defective regulation of immune responses in croup due to parainfluenza virus". Pediatr. Res. 19 (7): 716–20. doi:10.1203/00006450-198507000-00016. PMID 2991841.
  18. ↑ Baron, Samuel (1996). Medical microbiology. Galveston, Tex: University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
  19. ↑ Wick F, Ballmer PE, Haller A (2002). "Acute epiglottis in adults". Swiss Med Wkly. 132 (37–38): 541–7. PMID 12557859.
  20. ↑ Nickas BJ (2005). "A 60-year-old man with stridor, drooling, and "tripoding" following a nasal polypectomy". J Emerg Nurs. 31 (3): 234–5, quiz 321. doi:10.1016/j.jen.2004.10.015. PMID 15983574.
  21. ↑ Nogan S, Jandali D, Cipolla M, DeSilva B (2015). "The use of ultrasound imaging in evaluation of peritonsillar infections". Laryngoscope. 125 (11): 2604–7. doi:10.1002/lary.25313. PMID 25946659.
  22. ↑ Kawabata M, Umakoshi M, Makise T, Miyashita K, Harada M, Nagano H; et al. (2016). "Clinical classification of peritonsillar abscess based on CT and indications for immediate abscess tonsillectomy". Auris Nasus Larynx. 43 (2): 182–6. doi:10.1016/j.anl.2015.09.014. PMID 26527518.
  23. ↑ Fordham MT, Rock AN, Bandarkar A, Preciado D, Levy M, Cohen J; et al. (2015). "Transcervical ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pediatric peritonsillar abscess". Laryngoscope. 125 (12): 2799–804. doi:10.1002/lary.25354. PMID 25945805.
  24. ↑ Putto A (1987). "Febrile exudative tonsillitis: viral or streptococcal?". Pediatrics. 80 (1): 6–12. PMID 3601520.
  25. ↑ Vural C, Gungor A, Comerci S (2003). "Accuracy of computerized tomography in deep neck infections in the pediatric population". Am J Otolaryngol. 24 (3): 143–8. PMID 12761699.
  26. ↑ Philpott CM, Selvadurai D, Banerjee AR (2004). "Paediatric retropharyngeal abscess". J Laryngol Otol. 118 (12): 919–26. PMID 15667676.
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Adenoiditis_differential_diagnosis&oldid=1317520"