Hypoglycemia causes: Difference between revisions
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| '''Endocrine''' | | '''Endocrine''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Addison's disease]], [[ACTH deficiency]], [[adrenal cancer]], [[adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[adrenal insufficiency]], [[autoimmune adrenalitis]], [[congenital hyperinsulinism]], [[diabetes mellitus type 1]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[diabetic gastroparesis]], [[functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor]], [[glucocorticoid deficiency 1]], [[growth hormone deficiency]], [[hyperinsulinism]], [[hyperinsulinism due to glutamodehydrogenase deficiency]],[[hypopituitarism]], [[hypoglycemia]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[hypopituitarism]], [[islet cell adenoma]], [[insulin]], [[insulinoma]], [[idiopathic growth hormone deficiency]], [[ketotic hypoglycemia]], [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]], [[myxedema coma]], [[nesidioblastosis]], [[pancreatic cancer | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Addison's disease]], [[ACTH deficiency]], [[adrenal cancer]], [[adrenal cortex insufficiency]], [[adrenal insufficiency]], [[autoimmune adrenalitis]], [[congenital hyperinsulinism]], [[diabetes mellitus type 1]], [[diabetes mellitus type 2]], [[diabetic gastroparesis]], [[functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor]], [[glucocorticoid deficiency 1]], [[growth hormone deficiency]], [[hyperinsulinism]], [[hyperinsulinism due to glutamodehydrogenase deficiency]],[[hypopituitarism]], [[hypoglycemia]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[hypopituitarism]], [[islet cell adenoma]], [[insulin]], [[insulinoma]], [[idiopathic growth hormone deficiency]], [[ketotic hypoglycemia]], [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]], [[myxedema coma]], [[nesidioblastosis]], [[pancreatic cancer]], [[sheehan's syndrome]], [[timme syndrome]], [[tyrosinemia]], [[Wilms tumor]] | ||
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| '''Nutritional / Metabolic''' | | '''Nutritional / Metabolic''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetohexamide]], [[ACAD9 deficiency]], [[binge drinking]], [[coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]], [[deficiency in enzymes of fat oxidation | |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acetohexamide]], [[ACAD9 deficiency]], [[binge drinking]], [[coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]], [[deficiency in enzymes of fat oxidation]], [[diabetic gastroparesis]], [[dicarboxylic aminoaciduria]], [[fructose intolerance]], [[galactosemia]], [[glycogen debranching deficiency]], [[glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency]], [[hypoketonemic hypoglycemia]], [[Ketotic hypoglycemia of infancy]], [[Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia]], [[organic acidemia]], [[pyruvate carboxylase deficiency|pyruvate carboxylase deficiency]], [[phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) deficiency]], [[urea cycle disorder]], [[glucagon deficiency]], [[fructose-1, 6-diphosphatase deficiency]], [[fructose intolerance]], [[Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency, hereditary]], [[galactosemia]],[[fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]], [[glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[glutaric acidemia type 2]], [[glycogenosis type 1a]], [[glycogenosis type 1b]], [[glycogenosis type 3]], [[glycogenosis type 6]], [[glycogenosis type 9a]], [[glycogenosis type 9b]], [[glycogenosis type 9c]], [[glycogenosis type V]], [[HMG-CoA lyase deficiency]], [[HMG CoA synthetase deficiency]],[[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency]], [[inborn urea cycle disorder]], [[leucinosis]], [[long chain hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[malabsorption]], [[malonic aciduria]],[[malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]], [[maple syrup urine disease]], [[medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[methylmalonic acidemia]], [[nesidioblastosis]], [[organic acidemia]], [[propionic acidemia]], [[propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type]], [[reactive hypoglycemia]], [[short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]], [[tyrosinaemia type 1]], [[very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency]] | ||
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* [[Acetohexamide]] | * [[Acetohexamide]] | ||
* [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] | * [[Acute fatty liver of pregnancy]] | ||
* [[Acute liver failure]] | * [[Acute liver failure]] | ||
* [[Acute meningitis]] | * [[Acute meningitis]] | ||
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* [[Adrenal cancer]] | * [[Adrenal cancer]] | ||
* [[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]] | * [[Adrenal cortex insufficiency]] | ||
* [[Adrenal hypoplasia | * [[Adrenal congenital hypoplasia ]] | ||
* [[Adrenal insufficiency]] | * [[Adrenal insufficiency]] | ||
* [[Alcoholism]] | * [[Alcoholism]] | ||
* [[Aldolase | * [[Aldolase A deficiency]] | ||
* [[Alpers syndrome]] | * [[Alpers syndrome]] | ||
* [[Amprenavir]] | * [[Amprenavir]] | ||
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* Aspart | * Aspart | ||
* [[Autoimmune adrenalitis]] | * [[Autoimmune adrenalitis]] | ||
* [[Beckwith-weidemann syndrome | * [[Beckwith-weidemann syndrome]] | ||
* [[Benign glucosuria]] | * [[Benign glucosuria]] | ||
* [[Binge drinking]] | * [[Binge drinking]] | ||
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* [[Cleft lip palate pituitary deficiency]] | * [[Cleft lip palate pituitary deficiency]] | ||
* [[Clove]] | * [[Clove]] | ||
* [[Coenzyme | * [[Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency]] | ||
* [[Congenital hyperinsulinism]] | * [[Congenital hyperinsulinism]] | ||
* [[Debrancher deficiency]] | * [[Debrancher enzyme deficiency]] | ||
* [[Deficiency in enzymes of fat oxidation]] | * [[Deficiency in enzymes of fat oxidation]] | ||
* | * Detemir | ||
* [[Diabetes mellitus type 1]] | * [[Diabetes mellitus type 1]] | ||
* [[Diabetes mellitus type 2]] | * [[Diabetes mellitus type 2]] | ||
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* [[Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria]] | * [[Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria]] | ||
* [[Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency]] | * [[Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency]] | ||
* [[Dipeptidyl]] | * [[Dipeptidyl peptidase-4]] | ||
* [[Doege-potter syndrome]] | * [[Doege-potter syndrome]] | ||
* [[Donohue syndrome]] | * [[Donohue syndrome]] | ||
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* [[Ethionamide]] | * [[Ethionamide]] | ||
* [[Factitious hypoglycemia]] | * [[Factitious hypoglycemia]] | ||
* [[Familial glucocorticoid deficiency]] | * [[Familial glucocorticoid deficiency]] | ||
* [[Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 3]] | * [[Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 3]] | ||
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* [[Fluorodeoxyglucose]] | * [[Fluorodeoxyglucose]] | ||
* [[Fructose intolerance]] | * [[Fructose intolerance]] | ||
* [[Fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]] | * [[Fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]] | ||
* [[Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency]] | * [[Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency]] | ||
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* [[Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency]] | * [[Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency]] | ||
* [[Galactosemia]] | * [[Galactosemia]] | ||
* [[Galactosemia | * [[Galactosemia fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency]] | ||
* [[Gastric dumping syndrome]] | * [[Gastric dumping syndrome]] | ||
* [[Gastrojejunostomy]] | * [[Gastrojejunostomy]] | ||
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* [[Glucokinase mutations]] | * [[Glucokinase mutations]] | ||
* [[Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]] | * [[Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency]] | ||
* [[Glucose | * [[Glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency]] | ||
* [[Glutaric acidemia type 2]] | * [[Glutaric acidemia type 2]] | ||
* [[Glyburide]] | * [[Glyburide]] | ||
* [[Glycogen debranching deficiency]] | * [[Glycogen debranching deficiency]] | ||
* [[Glycogenosis type 1a]] | * [[Glycogenosis type 1a]] | ||
* | * Glycogenosis type 1b | ||
* [[Glycogenosis type 3]] | * [[Glycogenosis type 3]] | ||
* [[Glycogenosis type 6]] | * [[Glycogenosis type 6]] | ||
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* [[Glycogenosis type 9b]] | * [[Glycogenosis type 9b]] | ||
* [[Glycogenosis type 9c]] | * [[Glycogenosis type 9c]] | ||
* [[Glycogenosis type | * [[Glycogenosis type V]] | ||
* [[Growth hormone deficiency]] | * [[Growth hormone deficiency]] | ||
* [[Heavy exercise]] | * [[Heavy exercise]] | ||
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* [[Hepatic congestion]] | * [[Hepatic congestion]] | ||
* [[Hepatic failure]] | * [[Hepatic failure]] | ||
* [[Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1a]] | * [[Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1a]] | ||
* [[Hereditary | * [[Hereditary ACTH resistance]] | ||
* [[HMG-coa synthetase deficiency,hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa lyase deficiency]] | |||
* [[ | * [[HMG-coa lyase deficiency]] | ||
* [[ | |||
* [[Hydrochloride]] | * [[Hydrochloride]] | ||
* [[Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa lyase deficiency]] | * [[Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa lyase deficiency]] | ||
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* [[Idiopathic hypoglycemia]] | * [[Idiopathic hypoglycemia]] | ||
* [[Idiopathic postprandial syndrome]] | * [[Idiopathic postprandial syndrome]] | ||
* [[ | * [[IGF producing tumors]] | ||
* [[Immunopathologic hypoglycemia]] | * [[Immunopathologic hypoglycemia]] | ||
* [[Inborn urea cycle disorder]] | * [[Inborn urea cycle disorder]] | ||
* [[Insulin]] | * [[Insulin]] | ||
* [[Insulin like growth factor ]] | * [[Insulin like growth factor]] | ||
* [[Insulin receptor antibodies]] | * [[Insulin receptor antibodies]] | ||
* [[Insulin shock]] | * [[Insulin shock]] | ||
* [[Insulinoma]] | * [[Insulinoma]] | ||
* [[Intrauterine growth retardation]] | * [[Intrauterine growth retardation]] | ||
* [[Islet cell adenoma]] | * [[Islet cell adenoma]] | ||
* [[ | * [[KATP channel defects]] | ||
* [[Ketotic hypoglycemia]] | * [[Ketotic hypoglycemia]] | ||
* [[Ketotic hypoglycemia of infancy]] | * [[Ketotic hypoglycemia of infancy]] | ||
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* [[Maldigestion]] | * [[Maldigestion]] | ||
* [[Malnutrition]] | * [[Malnutrition]] | ||
* [[Malonic aciduria | * [[Malonic aciduria]] | ||
* [[Malonyl- | * [[Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]] | ||
* [[Maple syrup urine disease]] | * [[Maple syrup urine disease]] | ||
* [[Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia]] | * [[Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia]] | ||
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* [[Methylmalonic acidemia]] | * [[Methylmalonic acidemia]] | ||
* [[Mitiglinide]] | * [[Mitiglinide]] | ||
* [[Mitochondrial | * [[Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome]] | ||
* [[Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]] | * [[Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency]] | ||
* [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] | * [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]] | ||
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* [[Nateglinide]] | * [[Nateglinide]] | ||
* [[Neonatal bacterial meningitis]] | * [[Neonatal bacterial meningitis]] | ||
* [[Nesidioblastosis]] | * [[Nesidioblastosis]] | ||
* [[Nitisinone]] | * [[Nitisinone]] | ||
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* [[Pegvisomant]] | * [[Pegvisomant]] | ||
* [[Penicillamine]] | * [[Penicillamine]] | ||
* [[Pentamidine]] | * [[Pentamidine isethionate]] | ||
* [[Peptidase-4]] | * [[Peptidase-4]] | ||
* [[Perazine]] | * [[Perazine]] | ||
* [[Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase | * [[Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency]] | ||
* [[Pipothiazine]] | * [[Pipothiazine]] | ||
* [[Plasma membrane carnitine transporter deficiency]] | * [[Plasma membrane carnitine transporter deficiency]] | ||
* [[Postgastrectomy syndrome]] | * [[Postgastrectomy syndrome]] | ||
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* [[Primary carnitine deficiency]] | * [[Primary carnitine deficiency]] | ||
* [[Propionic acidemia]] | * [[Propionic acidemia]] | ||
* [[Propionyl-coa carboxylase deficiency | * [[Propionyl-coa carboxylase deficiency]] | ||
* [[Pyloroplasty]] | * [[Pyloroplasty]] | ||
* [[Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency]] | * [[Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency]] | ||
Revision as of 21:44, 25 November 2015
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Hypoglycemia Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Hypoglycemia causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypoglycemia causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- ACTH deficiency
- 2-methylbutyryl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency
- 3-alpha-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency
- 3-methylcrotonyl-coa carboxylase deficiency
- 6-diphosphatase deficiency
- Acad9 deficiency
- Acetohexamide
- Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
- Acute liver failure
- Acute meningitis
- Addison's disease
- Adrenal cancer
- Adrenal cortex insufficiency
- Adrenal congenital hypoplasia
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Alcoholism
- Aldolase A deficiency
- Alpers syndrome
- Amprenavir
- Anorexia nervosa
- Aspart
- Autoimmune adrenalitis
- Beckwith-weidemann syndrome
- Benign glucosuria
- Binge drinking
- Breast cancer
- Bulimia nervosa
- Burns
- Cachexia
- Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 deficiency
- Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency
- Chloramphenicol
- Chlorpromazine
- Chlorpropamide
- Chronic hypoglycemia
- Cibenzoline
- Cidofovir
- Cirrhosis
- Cleft lip palate pituitary deficiency
- Clove
- Coenzyme Q cytochrome c reductase deficiency
- Congenital hyperinsulinism
- Debrancher enzyme deficiency
- Deficiency in enzymes of fat oxidation
- Detemir
- Diabetes mellitus type 1
- Diabetes mellitus type 2
- Diabetic gastroparesis
- Diabetic mother
- Diarrhea
- Dicarboxylic aminoaciduria
- Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4
- Doege-potter syndrome
- Donohue syndrome
- dopamine beta hydroxylase deficiency
- Drip arm sample
- Dumping syndrome
- Empagliflozin
- Ethanol
- Ethionamide
- Factitious hypoglycemia
- Familial glucocorticoid deficiency
- Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 3
- Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 5
- Familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 7
- Fasting
- Fluorodeoxyglucose
- Fructose intolerance
- Fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency
- Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor
- Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency
- Galactosemia
- Galactosemia fructose-1-phosphate aldolase deficiency
- Gastric dumping syndrome
- Gastrojejunostomy
- Gatifloxacin
- Gestational diabetes
- Ginseng
- Glargine
- Glibenclamide
- Gliclazide
- Glimepiride
- Glipizide
- Gliquidone
- Glisolamide
- Glisoxepide
- Glucagon deficiency
- Glucocorticoid deficiency 1
- Glucokinase mutations
- Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
- Glucose 6 phosphatase deficiency
- Glutaric acidemia type 2
- Glyburide
- Glycogen debranching deficiency
- Glycogenosis type 1a
- Glycogenosis type 1b
- Glycogenosis type 3
- Glycogenosis type 6
- Glycogenosis type 9a
- Glycogenosis type 9b
- Glycogenosis type 9c
- Glycogenosis type V
- Growth hormone deficiency
- Heavy exercise
- Hemolytic disease of the newborn
- Hepatic congestion
- Hepatic failure
- Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1a
- Hereditary ACTH resistance
- HMG-coa synthetase deficiency,hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa lyase deficiency
- HMG-coa lyase deficiency
- Hydrochloride
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa lyase deficiency
- Hyperinsulinism
- Hyperinsulinism-hyperammonemia syndrome
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypoketonemic hypoglycemia
- Hypopituitarism
- Hypothermia
- Hypothyroidism
- Idiopathic growth hormone deficiency
- Idiopathic hypoglycemia
- Idiopathic postprandial syndrome
- IGF producing tumors
- Immunopathologic hypoglycemia
- Inborn urea cycle disorder
- Insulin
- Insulin like growth factor
- Insulin receptor antibodies
- Insulin shock
- Insulinoma
- Intrauterine growth retardation
- Islet cell adenoma
- KATP channel defects
- Ketotic hypoglycemia
- Ketotic hypoglycemia of infancy
- Lanreotide
- Laron dwarfism
- Leucine-induced hypoglycaemia
- Leucinosis
- Levobunolol
- Levomepromazine
- Linagliptin
- Liver cancer
- Liver glycogen synthase deficiency
- Long chain hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency
- Lorcaserin
- Malabsorption
- Malaria
- Maldigestion
- Malnutrition
- Malonic aciduria
- Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency
- Maple syrup urine disease
- Mcquarrie type infantile idiopathic hypoglycemia
- Mecasermin
- Medium chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency
- Meropenem
- Mesothelioma
- Metastatic insulinoma
- Methylmalonic acidemia
- Mitiglinide
- Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
- Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
- Munchausen syndrome
- Myxedema coma
- Nateglinide
- Neonatal bacterial meningitis
- Nesidioblastosis
- Nitisinone
- Organic acidemia
- Oxcarbazepine
- Pancreatic cancer
- Paternal uniparental disomy
- Pazopanib
- Pegvisomant
- Penicillamine
- Pentamidine isethionate
- Peptidase-4
- Perazine
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency
- Pipothiazine
- Plasma membrane carnitine transporter deficiency
- Postgastrectomy syndrome
- Pramipexole
- Pramlintide
- Pregnancy
- Premature labour and/or delivery
- Primary carnitine deficiency
- Propionic acidemia
- Propionyl-coa carboxylase deficiency
- Pyloroplasty
- Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
- pyruvate carboxylase deficiency
- Quinine
- Reactive hypoglycemia
- Renal failure
- Renal hypoglycemia
- Repaglinide
- Reye syndrome
- Rifaximin
- Ritonavir
- Saquinavir
- Saxagliptin
- Sepsis
- Septic shock
- Sertraline
- Severe hepatitis
- Sheehan's syndrome
- Shock
- Short chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency
- Somatostatin
- Starvation
- Strenuous exercise
- Sulfamethoxazole
- Temafloxacin
- Thalidomide
- Timme syndrome
- Tolazamide
- Tolbutamide
- Trimethoprim
- Triple a syndrome
- Tumors
- Tyrosinaemia type 1
- Tyrosinemia
- Uncoupling protein 2
- Urea cycle disorder
- Uremia
- Very long-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency
- Vildagliptin
- Visceral leishmaniasis
- Wilms tumor
- X-linked
- Zonisamide
Causes
Common Causes
Hypoglycemia in Newborn Infants
Hypoglycemia is a common problem in critically ill or extremely low birthweight infants. If not due to maternal hyperglycemia, in most cases it is multifactorial, transient and easily supported. In a minority of cases hypoglycemia turns out to be due to significant hyperinsulinism, hypopituitarism or an inborn error of metabolism and presents more of a management challenge.
- Transient neonatal hypoglycemia
- Prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, perinatal asphyxia
- Maternal hyperglycemia due to diabetes or iatrogenic glucose administration
- Sepsis
- Prolonged fasting (e.g., due to inadequate breast milk or condition interfering with feeding)
- Congenital hypopituitarism
- Congenital hyperinsulinism, several types, both transient and persistent
- Inborn errors of carbohydrate metabolism such as glycogen storage disease
Hypoglycemia in Young Children
Single episodes of hypoglycemia due to gastroenteritis or fasting, but recurrent episodes nearly always indicate either an inborn error of metabolism, congenital hypopituitarism, or congenital hyperinsulinism
- Prolonged fasting
- Diarrheal illness in young children, especially rotavirus gastroenteritis
- Idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia
- Isolated growth hormone deficiency, hypopituitarism
- Insulin excess
- Hyperinsulinism due to several congenital disorders of insulin secretion
- Insulin injected for type 1 diabetes
- Gastric dumping syndrome (after gastrointestinal surgery)
- Other congenital metabolic diseases; some of the common include
- Maple syrup urine disease and other organic acidurias
- Type 1 glycogen storage disease
- Disorders of fatty acid oxidation
- Medium chain acylCoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD)
- Accidental ingestions
- Sulfonylureas, propranolol and others
- Ethanol (mouthwash, "leftover morning-after-the-party drinks")
Hypoglycemia in Older Children and Young Adults
By far the most common cause of severe hypoglycemia in this age range is insulin injected for type 1 diabetes. Circumstances should provide clues fairly quickly for the new diseases causing severe hypoglycemia. All of the congenital metabolic defects, congenital forms of hyperinsulinism, and congenital hypopituitarism are likely to have already been diagnosed or are unlikely to start causing new hypoglycemia at this age. Body mass is large enough to make starvation hypoglycemia and idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia quite uncommon. Recurrent mild hypoglycemia may fit a reactive hypoglycemia pattern, but this is also the peak age for idiopathic postprandial syndrome, and recurrent "spells" in this age group can be traced to orthostatic hypotension or hyperventilation as often as demonstrable hypoglycemia.
- Insulin-induced hypoglycemia
- Insulin injected for type 1 diabetes
- Factitious insulin injection (Munchausen syndrome)
- Insulin-secreting pancreatic tumor
- Reactive hypoglycemia and idiopathic postprandial syndrome
- Addison's disease
- Sepsis
Hypoglycemia in Older Adults
The incidence of hypoglycemia due to complex drug interactions, especially involving oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin for diabetes rises with age. Though much rarer, the incidence of insulin-producing tumors also rises with advancing age. Most tumors causing hypoglycemia by mechanisms other than insulin excess occur in adults.
- Insulin-induced hypoglycemia
- Insulin injected for diabetes
- Factitious insulin injection (Munchausen syndrome)
- Excessive effects of oral diabetes drugs, beta-blockers, or drug interactions, Tiagabine
- Insulin-secreting pancreatic tumor
- Alimentary (rapid jejunal emptying with exaggerated insulin response)
- After gastrectomy dumping syndrome or bowel bypass surgery or resection
- Reactive hypoglycemia and idiopathic postprandial syndrome
- Tumor hypoglycemia, Doege-Potter syndrome
- Acquired adrenal insufficiency
- Acquired hypopituitarism
- Immunopathologic hypoglycemia [1]
References
- ↑ "The Hypoglycemic states - Hypoglycemia". The Hypoglycemic states. Armenian Medical Network. 2007. Text " Umesh Masharani, MB, BS, MRCP(UK) " ignored (help)