Porphobilinogen deaminase
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| Hydroxymethylbilane synthase
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||
| Symbol(s) | HMBS; PBG-D; PBGD; UPS | ||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 609806 MGI: 96112 Homologene: 158 | ||||||||||
| EC number | 2.5.1.61 | ||||||||||
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| RNA expression pattern | |||||||||||
| Image:PBB GE HMBS 203040 s at tn.png Image:PBB GE HMBS 213344 s at tn.png | |||||||||||
| Orthologs | |||||||||||
| Human | Mouse | ||||||||||
| Entrez | 3145 | 15288 | |||||||||
| Ensembl | ENSG00000149397 | na | |||||||||
| Uniprot | P08397 | na | |||||||||
| Refseq | NM_000190 (mRNA) NP_000181 (protein) | NM_013551 (mRNA) NP_038579 (protein) | |||||||||
| Location | Chr 11: 118.46 - 118.47 Mb | na | |||||||||
| Pubmed search | [1] | [2] | |||||||||
Porphobilinogen deaminase (or hydroxymethylbilane synthase) is an enzyme involved in the third step of the metabolism of porphyrin, converting porphobilinogen into hydroxymethyl bilane. The enzyme has the unique cofactor dipyrromethane. Defective activity of this enzyme can lead to the disorder Acute intermittent porphyria.
This gene encodes a member of the hydroxymethylbilane synthase superfamily. The encoded protein is the third enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway and catalyzes the head to tail condensation of four porphobilinogen molecules into the linear hydroxymethylbilane. Mutations in this gene are associated with the autosomal dominant disease acute intermittent porphyria. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.[1]
Older sources categorize it under EC 4.3.1.8.
References
Further reading
- Deybach JC, Puy H (1995). "Porphobilinogen deaminase gene structure and molecular defects.". J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 27 (2): 197-205. PMID 7592566.
- Astrin KH, Desnick RJ (1995). "Molecular basis of acute intermittent porphyria: mutations and polymorphisms in the human hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene.". Hum. Mutat. 4 (4): 243-52. doi:10.1002/humu.1380040403. PMID 7866402.
- Helliwell JR, Nieh YP, Habash J, et al. (2003). "Time-resolved and static-ensemble structural chemistry of hydroxymethylbilane synthase.". Faraday Discuss. 122: 131-44; discussion 171-90. PMID 12555854.
- Hessels J, Voortman G, van der Wagen A, et al. (2004). "Homozygous acute intermittent porphyria in a 7-year-old boy with massive excretions of porphyrins and porphyrin precursors.". J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 27 (1): 19-27. doi:10.1023/B:BOLI.0000016613.75677.05. PMID 14970743.
- Kauppinen R (2004). "Molecular diagnostics of acute intermittent porphyria.". Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn. 4 (2): 243-9. doi:10.1586/14737159.4.2.243. PMID 14995910.
- Hrdinka M, Puy H, Martasek P (2007). "May 2006 update in porphobilinogen deaminase gene polymorphisms and mutations causing acute intermittent porphyria: comparison with the situation in Slavic population.". Physiological research / Academia Scientiarum Bohemoslovaca 55 Suppl 2: S119-36. PMID 17298216.
- Kauppinen R, Peltonen L, Pihlaja H, Mustajoki P (1993). "CRIM-positive mutations of acute intermittent porphyria in Finland.". Hum. Mutat. 1 (5): 392-6. doi:10.1002/humu.1380010508. PMID 1301948.
- Mgone CS, Lanyon WG, Moore MR, Connor JM (1992). "Detection of seven point mutations in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in patients with acute intermittent porphyria, by direct sequencing of in vitro amplified cDNA.". Hum. Genet. 90 (1-2): 12-6. PMID 1427766.
- Gu XF, de Rooij F, Voortman G, et al. (1992). "High frequency of mutations in exon 10 of the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in patients with a CRIM-positive subtype of acute intermittent porphyria.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 51 (3): 660-5. PMID 1496994.
- Delfau MH, Picat C, De Rooij F, et al. (1991). "Molecular heterogeneity of acute intermittent porphyria: identification of four additional mutations resulting in the CRIM-negative subtype of the disease.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 49 (2): 421-8. PMID 1714233.
- Namba H, Narahara K, Tsuji K, et al. (1991). "Assignment of human porphobilinogen deaminase to 11q24.1----q24.2 by in situ hybridization and gene dosage studies.". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 57 (2-3): 105-8. PMID 1914516.
- Lee JS, Anvret M (1992). "Identification of the most common mutation within the porphobilinogen deaminase gene in Swedish patients with acute intermittent porphyria.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (23): 10912-5. PMID 1961762.
- Tunnacliffe A, McGuire RS (1991). "A physical linkage group in human chromosome band 11q23 covering a region implicated in leukocyte neoplasia.". Genomics 8 (3): 447-53. PMID 1981047.
- Lander M, Pitt AR, Alefounder PR, et al. (1991). "Studies on the mechanism of hydroxymethylbilane synthase concerning the role of arginine residues in substrate binding.". Biochem. J. 275 ( Pt 2): 447-52. PMID 2025226.
- Scobie GA, Llewellyn DH, Urquhart AJ, et al. (1990). "Acute intermittent porphyria caused by a C----T mutation that produces a stop codon in the porphobilinogen deaminase gene.". Hum. Genet. 85 (6): 631-4. PMID 2227955.
- Delfau MH, Picat C, de Rooij FW, et al. (1990). "Two different point G to A mutations in exon 10 of the porphobilinogen deaminase gene are responsible for acute intermittent porphyria.". J. Clin. Invest. 86 (5): 1511-6. PMID 2243128.
- Lannfelt L, Wetterberg L, Lilius L, et al. (1990). "Porphobilinogen deaminase in human erythrocytes: purification of two forms with apparent molecular weights of 40 kDa and 42 kDa.". Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 49 (7): 677-84. PMID 2609111.
- Grandchamp B, Picat C, de Rooij F, et al. (1989). "A point mutation G----A in exon 12 of the porphobilinogen deaminase gene results in exon skipping and is responsible for acute intermittent porphyria.". Nucleic Acids Res. 17 (16): 6637-49. PMID 2789372.
- Raich N, Romeo PH, Dubart A, et al. (1986). "Molecular cloning and complete primary sequence of human erythrocyte porphobilinogen deaminase.". Nucleic Acids Res. 14 (15): 5955-68. PMID 2875434.
- Vidaud M, Gattoni R, Stevenin J, et al. (1989). "A 5' splice-region G----C mutation in exon 1 of the human beta-globin gene inhibits pre-mRNA splicing: a mechanism for beta+-thalassemia.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86 (3): 1041-5. PMID 2915972.
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Metabolism: amino acid metabolism - porphyrin enzymes | |
|---|---|
| Porphyrin biosynthesis | initial mitochondrial: Aminolevulinic acid synthase - Porphobilinogen synthase
cytosolic: Porphobilinogen deaminase - Uroporphyrinogen III synthase - Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase - Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase terminal mitochondrial: Protoporphyrinogen oxidase - Ferrochelatase |
| Heme breakdown to bile | spleen: Heme oxygenase - Biliverdin reductase liver: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase |
| see also disorders, intermediates | |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
