Other red cell antigens

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In addition to the defined Human blood group systems, there are erythrocyte antigens which do not meet the definition of a blood group system. Most of these are either nearly universal in human blood or extremely rare and are rarely significant in a clinical setting. Reagents to test for these antigens are difficult to find and many cannot be purchased commercially.

Blood Group Collections

These three groups are antigens with shared characteristics but do not meet the ISBT definition of a human blood group system. Further research may identify them as blood group systems.

Cost

The Knops blood group system was formerly part of this collection. All that remains are the Cs^a and Cs^b antigens. Cs^a is a very high frequency (>98%) antigen and Cs^b is not uncommon (~34%).

Er

The Er collection includes one high incidence (>99%) antigen, Er^a and one (<1%) rare antigen, Er^b.

Vel

The Vel collection includes the high incidence Vel and ABTI antigens. Antibodies to Vel have been implicated in transfusion reactions.

Other high-incidence antigens

These antigens are almost universally present on human red cells, but their absence has been noted in some individuals and some have been associated with transfusion reactions or other problems. Finding compatible units for transfusion to a patient that lacks one of these antigens is a major challenge and some countries maintain rare donor registries specifically for that purpose.

• Lan antigen: anti-Lan is IgG and has been associated with transfusion reactions. A weaker variant of the antigen has also been reported.
• At^a Antigen: only found in people of African descent. Associated with hemolytic transfusion reactions but not hemolytic disease of the newborn.
• Jr^a Antigen: mostly found in Japan. Not associated with acute transfusion reactions.
• AnWj Antigen: the receptor for Haemophilus influenzae. Implicated in severe hemolytic transfusion reactions.
• Sd^a Antigen: This antigen is present on cells other than red cells and is less frequent but still very common. It may be associated with transfusion reactions, but not hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Other low incidence antigens

These antigens are extremely rare and are of little concern in selecting compatible units for transfusion. They may be implicated in rare cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn, however.

• Batty (By)
• Biles (Bi)
• Box (Bx^a)
• Christiansen (Chr^a)
• HJK
• HOFM
• JFV
• JONES
• Jensen (Je^a)
• Katagiri (Kg)
• Livesay (Li^a)
• Milne
• Oldeide (Ol^a)
• Peters (Pt^a)
• Rasmussen (RASM)
• Reid (Re^a)
• REIT
• SARA
• Torkildsen (To^a)
• Bg (Bennett-Goodspeed): These are actually Human Leukocyte Antigens that cause confusing results on serological tests of erythrocytes.

References

• Mark E. Brecher, Editor (2005), AABB Technical Manual, fifteenth edition, Bethesda, MD: AABB, ISBN 1-56935-19607, p. 355

v • d • e Transfusion medicine
General concepts	Apheresis  (Plasmapheresis, Plateletpheresis, Leukapheresis) - Blood transfusion - Coombs test - Cross-matching - Exchange transfusion - International Society of Blood Transfusion - Intraoperative blood salvage - ISBT 128 - Transfusion reactions
Human blood group systems  - Blood type	ABO - Chido-Rodgers - Colton - Cromer - Diego - Dombrock - Duffy - Gerbich - GIL - Hh - Ii - Indian - JMH - Kell (Xk) - Kidd - Knops - LW - Lewis - Lutheran - MNS - OK - P - Raph - Rh - Scianna - T-Tn - Xg - Yt - Other
Blood products	Blood donation - Blood substitutes - Cryoprecipitate - Platelets - Plasma - Red blood cells - Whole blood

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Other red cell antigens
Articles on Other red cell antigens	Most recent articles on Other red cell antigens • Most cited articles on Other red cell antigens • Review articles on Other red cell antigens • Articles on Other red cell antigens in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Other red cell antigens	Powerpoint slides on Other red cell antigens • Images of Other red cell antigens • Photos of Other red cell antigens • Podcasts & MP3s on Other red cell antigens • Videos on Other red cell antigens
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Other red cell antigens	Cochrane Collaboration on Other red cell antigens • Bandolier on Other red cell antigens • TRIP on Other red cell antigens
Cost Effectiveness of Other red cell antigens	Cost Effectiveness of Other red cell antigens
Clinical Trials Involving Other red cell antigens	Ongoing Trials on Other red cell antigens at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Other red cell antigens • Clinical Trials on Other red cell antigens at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Other red cell antigens	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Other red cell antigens • NICE Guidance on Other red cell antigens • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Other red cell antigens • CDC on Other red cell antigens
Textbook Information on Other red cell antigens	Books and Textbook Information on Other red cell antigens
Pharmacology Resources on Other red cell antigens	Dosing of Other red cell antigens • Drug interactions with Other red cell antigens • Side effects of Other red cell antigens • Allergic reactions to Other red cell antigens • Overdose information on Other red cell antigens • Carcinogenicity information on Other red cell antigens • Other red cell antigens in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Other red cell antigens •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Other red cell antigens	Genetics of Other red cell antigens • Pharmacogenomics of Other red cell antigens • Proteomics of Other red cell antigens
Newstories on Other red cell antigens	Other red cell antigens in the news • Be alerted to news on Other red cell antigens • News trends on Other red cell antigens
Commentary on Other red cell antigens	Blogs on Other red cell antigens
Patient Resources on Other red cell antigens	Patient resources on Other red cell antigens • Discussion groups on Other red cell antigens • Patient Handouts on Other red cell antigens • Directions to Hospitals Treating Other red cell antigens • Risk calculators and risk factors for Other red cell antigens
Healthcare Provider Resources on Other red cell antigens	Symptoms of Other red cell antigens • Causes & Risk Factors for Other red cell antigens • Diagnostic studies for Other red cell antigens • Treatment of Other red cell antigens
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Other red cell antigens	CME Programs on Other red cell antigens
International Resources on Other red cell antigens	Other red cell antigens en Espanol • Other red cell antigens en Francais
Business Resources on Other red cell antigens	Other red cell antigens in the Marketplace • Patents on Other red cell antigens
Informatics Resources on Other red cell antigens	List of terms related to Other red cell antigens

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