Human blood group systems
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The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) currently recognises 29 major blood group systems (including the ABO and Rh systems).[1] Thus, in addition to the ABO antigens and Rhesus antigens, many other antigens are expressed on the red blood cell surface membrane. For example, an individual can be AB RhD positive, and at the same time M and N positive (MNS system), K positive (Kell system) and Lea or Leb positive (Lewis system). Many of the blood group systems were named after the patients in whom the corresponding antibodies were initially encountered.
The ISBT definition of a major blood group system is where one or more antigens are "controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them". [2]
Table
| ISBT N° | Common name | Official abbreviation | Epitope or carrier, notes | Locus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | ABO | ABO | Carbohydrate (N-Acetylgalactosamine, galactose). A, B and H antigens mainly elicit IgM antibody reactions, although anti-H is very rare, see the Hh antigen system (Bombay phenotype, ISBT #18). | 9 |
| 002 | MNS | MNS | GPA / GPB (glycophorins A and B). Main antigens M, N, S, s. | 4 |
| 003 | P | P1 | Glycolipid. | 22 |
| 004 | Rhesus | RH | Protein. C, c, D, E, e antigens (there is no "d" antigen; lowercase "d" indicates the absence of D). | 1 |
| 005 | Lutheran | LU | Protein (member of the immunoglobulin superfamily). Set of 21 antigens. | 19 |
| 006 | Kell | KEL | Glycoprotein. K1 can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell), which can be severe. | 7 |
| 007 | Lewis | LE | Carbohydrate (fucose residue). Main antigens Lea and Leb - associated with tissue ABH antigen secretion. | 19 |
| 008 | Duffy | FY | Protein (chemokine receptor). Main antigens Fya and Fyb. Individuals lacking Duffy antigens altogether are immune to malaria caused by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi. | 1 |
| 009 | Kidd | JK | Protein (urea transporter). Main antigens Jka and Jkb. | 18 |
| 010 | Diego | DI | Glycoprotein (band 3, AE 1, or anion exchange). Positive blood is found only among East Asians and Native Americans. | 17 |
| 011 | Yt or Cartwright | YT | Protein (AChE, acetylcholinesterase). | 7 |
| 012 | XG | XG | Glycoprotein. | X |
| 013 | Scianna | SC | Glycoprotein. | 1 |
| 014 | Dombrock | DO | Glycoprotein (fixed to cell membrane by GPI, or glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol). | 12 |
| 015 | Colton | CO | Aquaporin 1. Main antigens Co(a) and Co(b). | 7 |
| 016 | Landsteiner-Wiener | LW | Protein (member of the immunoglobulin superfamily). | 19 |
| 017 | Chido/Rodgers | CH/RG | C4A C4B (complement fractions). | 6 |
| 018 | Hh | H | Carbohydrate (fucose residue). | 19 |
| 019 | Kx | XK | Glycoprotein. | X |
| 020 | Gerbich | GE | GPC / GPD (Glycophorins C and D). | 2 |
| 021 | Cromer antigen system | CROM | Glycoprotein (DAF or CD55, regulates complement fractions C3 and C5, attached to the membrane by GPI). | 1 |
| 022 | Knops | KN | Glycoprotein (CR1 or CD35, immune complex receptor). | 1 |
| 023 | Indian | IN | Glycoprotein (CD44 adhesion function?). | 11 |
| 024 | Ok | OK | Glycoprotein (CD147). | 19 |
| 025 | Raph | MER2 | Transmembrane glycoprotein. | 11 |
| 026 | JMH | JMH | Protein (fixed to cell membrane by GPI). | 6 |
| 027 | Ii | I | Branched (I) / unbranched (i) polysaccharide. | 6 |
| 028 | Globoside | P | Glycolipid. | 3 |
| 029 | GIL | GIL | Aquaporin 3. | 9 |
External links
- ISBT Table of blood group antigens within systems Updated October 2006
- BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database
- Blood group The Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England
References
- ↑ Table of blood group systems. International Society of Blood Transfusion (October 2006).
- ↑ ISBT Committee on Terminology for Red Cell Surface Antigens. Terminology Home Page.
Transfusion medicine | |
|---|---|
| General concepts | Apheresis (Plasmapheresis, Plateletpheresis, Leukapheresis) - Blood transfusion - Coombs test - Cross-matching - Exchange transfusion - International Society of Blood Transfusion - Intraoperative blood salvage - ISBT 128 - Transfusion reactions |
| Human blood group systems - Blood type | ABO - Chido-Rodgers - Colton - Cromer - Diego - Dombrock - Duffy - Gerbich - GIL - Hh - Ii - Indian - JMH - Kell (Xk) - Kidd - Knops - Landsteiner-Weiner - Lewis - Lutheran - MNS - OK - P - Raph - Rh - Scianna - T-Tn - Xg - Yt |
| Blood products | Blood donation - Blood substitutes - Cryoprecipitate - Platelets - Plasma - Red blood cells |
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
