Homans' sign

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Homans' sign is said to be present when passive dorsiflexion of the ankle by the examiner elicits sharp pain in the calf. It is caused by a thrombosis of the deep veins of the leg. This sign is frequently elicited in clinical practice because of the ease of use, although it is falling into disfavor because of risk of embolization and because it is frequently positive in individuals without deep vein thrombosis or DVT.

Etymology

It is named for the American physician, John Homans.

Physical findings

To test for Homans' sign, flex the patient's knee slightly with one hand and, with the other, dorsiflex the foot. The complaint of calf pain with this procedure is a positive sign and often indicates venous thrombosis. Absence of Homans' sign does not preclude venous thrombosis.

v • d • e Circulatory system pathology (I, 390-459)
Hypertension	Hypertensive heart disease - Hypertensive nephropathy - Secondary hypertension (Renovascular hypertension)
Ischaemic heart disease	Angina pectoris (Prinzmetal's angina) - Myocardial infarction (heart attack) - Dressler's syndrome
Pulmonary circulation	Pulmonary embolism - Cor pulmonale
Pericardium	Pericarditis - Pericardial effusion - Cardiac tamponade
Endocardium/heart valves	Endocarditis - mitral valve (regurgitation, prolapse, stenosis) - aortic valve (stenosis, insufficiency) - pulmonary valve (stenosis, insufficiency) - tricuspid valve (stenosis, insufficiency)
Myocardium	Myocarditis - Cardiomyopathy (Dilated cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Loeffler endocarditis, Restrictive cardiomyopathy) - Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
Electrical conduction system of the heart	Heart block: AV block (First degree, Second degree, Third degree) - Bundle branch block (Left, Right) - Bifascicular block - Trifascicular block Pre-excitation syndrome (Wolff-Parkinson-White, Lown-Ganong-Levine) - Long QT syndrome - Adams-Stokes syndrome - Cardiac arrest - Sudden cardiac death Arrhythmia: Paroxysmal tachycardia (Supraventricular, AV nodal reentrant, Ventricular) - Atrial flutter - Atrial fibrillation (Familial) - Ventricular fibrillation - Premature contraction (Atrial, Ventricular) - Ectopic pacemaker - Sick sinus syndrome
Other heart conditions	Heart failure - Cardiovascular disease - Cardiomegaly - Ventricular hypertrophy (Left, Right)
Cerebrovascular diseases	Stroke - Transient ischemic attack - Intracranial hemorrhage/cerebral hemorrhage: Extra-axial hemorrhage (Epidural hemorrhage, Subdural hemorrhage, Subarachnoid hemorrhage) Intra-axial hematoma (Intraventricular hemorrhages, Intraparenchymal hemorrhage) - Anterior spinal artery syndrome - Binswanger's disease - Moyamoya disease
Arteries, arterioles and capillaries	Atherosclerosis (Renal artery stenosis) - Aortic dissection/Aortic aneurysm (Abdominal aortic aneurysm) - Aneurysm - Raynaud's phenomenon/Raynaud's disease - Buerger's disease - Vasculitis/Arteritis (Aortitis) - Intermittent claudication - Arteriovenous fistula - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia - Spider angioma - Dissection (Carotid artery, Vertebral artery)
Veins, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes	Thrombosis/Phlebitis/Thrombophlebitis (Deep vein thrombosis, May-Thurner syndrome, Portal vein thrombosis, Venous thrombosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, Renal vein thrombosis, Paget-Schroetter disease) - Varicose veins / Portacaval anastomosis (Hemorrhoid, Esophageal varices, Varicocele, Gastric varices, Caput medusae) - Superior vena cava syndrome - Lymph (Lymphadenitis, Lymphedema, Lymphangitis)
Other	Hypotension (Orthostatic hypotension) - Rheumatic fever
See also congenital (Q20-Q28, 745-747)

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Homans' sign
Articles on Homans' sign	Most recent articles on Homans' sign • Most cited articles on Homans' sign • Review articles on Homans' sign • Articles on Homans' sign in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Homans' sign	Powerpoint slides on Homans' sign • Images of Homans' sign • Photos of Homans' sign • Podcasts & MP3s on Homans' sign • Videos on Homans' sign
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Homans' sign	Cochrane Collaboration on Homans' sign • Bandolier on Homans' sign • TRIP on Homans' sign
Cost Effectiveness of Homans' sign	Cost Effectiveness of Homans' sign
Clinical Trials Involving Homans' sign	Ongoing Trials on Homans' sign at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Homans' sign • Clinical Trials on Homans' sign at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Homans' sign	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Homans' sign • NICE Guidance on Homans' sign • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Homans' sign • CDC on Homans' sign
Textbook Information on Homans' sign	Books and Textbook Information on Homans' sign
Pharmacology Resources on Homans' sign	Dosing of Homans' sign • Drug interactions with Homans' sign • Side effects of Homans' sign • Allergic reactions to Homans' sign • Overdose information on Homans' sign • Carcinogenicity information on Homans' sign • Homans' sign in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Homans' sign •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Homans' sign	Genetics of Homans' sign • Pharmacogenomics of Homans' sign • Proteomics of Homans' sign
Newstories on Homans' sign	Homans' sign in the news • Be alerted to news on Homans' sign • News trends on Homans' sign
Commentary on Homans' sign	Blogs on Homans' sign
Patient Resources on Homans' sign	Patient resources on Homans' sign • Discussion groups on Homans' sign • Patient Handouts on Homans' sign • Directions to Hospitals Treating Homans' sign • Risk calculators and risk factors for Homans' sign
Healthcare Provider Resources on Homans' sign	Symptoms of Homans' sign • Causes & Risk Factors for Homans' sign • Diagnostic studies for Homans' sign • Treatment of Homans' sign
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Homans' sign	CME Programs on Homans' sign
International Resources on Homans' sign	Homans' sign en Espanol • Homans' sign en Francais
Business Resources on Homans' sign	Homans' sign in the Marketplace • Patents on Homans' sign
Informatics Resources on Homans' sign	List of terms related to Homans' sign

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .