Echinococcosis history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2] ; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[4]
Overview
Persons with echinococcosis often remain asymptomatic. The clinical presentation of echinococcosis infection depends upon the site of the cysts and their size. The cysts are mainly found in the liver and lungs but can also appear in the brain, eyes, spleen, kidneys, heart, bone, and central nervous system. Cyst rupture is most frequently caused by trauma and may cause mild to severe anaphylactic reactions, even death, as a result of the release of cystic fluid.[1]
History and Symptoms
Persons with echinococcosis often remain asymptomatic. The clinical presentation of echinococcosis infection depends upon the site of the cysts and their size. The cysts are mainly found in the liver and lungs but can also appear in the brain, eyes, spleen, kidneys, heart, bone, and central nervous system. Cyst rupture is most frequently caused by trauma and may cause mild to severe anaphylactic reactions, even death, as a result of the release of cystic fluid.
Common symptoms
Hepatic:
- No symptoms (if cysts are less than <10cms)
- Hepatomegaly
- Right upper quadrant pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Cysts can rupture into the biliary tree and produce biliary colic, obstructive jaundice, cholangitis, or pancreatitis
- Mass effects on the bile ducts, portal and hepatic veins, or on the inferior vena cava can result in cholestasis, portal hypertension, venous obstruction, or the Budd-Chiari syndrome
Pulmonary:
Less common symptoms
Pulmonary:
- Malaise
- Nausea and vomiting
- Thoracic deformations
CNS:
Cardiac:
- Dyspnea
- Chest pain
Renal: